citrus weed management efficacy, longevity &...
TRANSCRIPT
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Citrus Weed Management- Efficacy, Longevity &
Crop-safety
Horticultural Sciences
Ramdas KanisserySouthwest Florida Res. & Education CenterImmokalee
Brent Sellers & Steve Futch
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Citrus Weed Management
Managing difficult to control weeds
Research updates – steaming for weed mgmt. in citrus
Impacts of herbicides on citrus yield & productivity
PRE-emergent herbicide trials for long-term weed control
Efficacy
Longevity
Crop-safety
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Citrus Weed Management
Research updates – steaming for weed mgmt. in citrus
Impacts of herbicides on citrus yield & productivity
PRE-emergent herbicide trials for long-term weed control
Efficacy
Longevity
Managing difficult to control weeds
Crop-safety
![Page 4: Citrus Weed Management Efficacy, Longevity & Crop-safetycitrusagents.ifas.ufl.edu/events/GrowersInstitute2019/PDF/09 30 am... · Managing difficult to control weeds ... under trees](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050309/5f710bf3646257041d6480e1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Weed management in citrus groves
Weed managed citrus rows
- ‘Weed free’ rows or under trees
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Weed management in citrus groves
Weeds come up quickly in the citrus rows
- Constant supply of moisture from tree irrigation
- Major challenge is ‘longer-term’ suppression of weeds
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Important strategy to prevent weed outbreak in your grove
“NEVER LET ‘EM SET SEED”
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Heavy infestation of tropical whiteweed in citrus tree rows
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Heavy infestation of tropical whiteweed in citrus tree rows
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Heavy infestation of “tropical whiteweed” in citrus tree rows
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10
Clustered pellitoryinfestation
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11
Clustered pellitoryinfestation
Seed bank formed in the soil
Managed by broad-spectrum POST-emergent sprays- glyphosate- paraquat
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Goat weed
- Slow response to glyphosate & paraquat application
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Goat weed
- Slow response to glyphosate & paraquat application
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- Tiny seeds released from the ‘seed pods’
- Each plant can potentially add hundreds of thousands of seeds to soil
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- Monoculture of goatweed
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Heavy seed setters
Amaranth / Pigweed
Black Nightshade
Parthenium
- Each plant can potentially add hundreds of thousands of seeds to soil
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• Active ingredient – Brand name(s)
POSTFoliar applied
•PR
E-EMER
GEN
TH
ERBIC
IDES
Selective herbicides
• Saflufenacil – Treevix
Consult Florida Citrus Production Guide 2018-19 for a complete list
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• Carfentrazone – Aim EC
• Glyphosate + 2,4-D - Landmaster
• Paraquat - Gramoxone
• Active ingredient – Brand name(s)
POSTFoliar applied
Consult Florida Citrus Production Guide 2018-19 for a complete list
Non-selective herbicides
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• Carfentrazone – Aim EC
• Glyphosate + 2,4-D - Landmaster
• Paraquat - Gramoxone
• Active ingredient – Brand name(s)
POSTFoliar applied
Consult Florida Citrus Production Guide 2018-19 for a complete list
Non-selective herbicides
• Glufosinate ammonium - Rely 280
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Heavy seed setters
Amaranth / Pigweed
Black Nightshade
Parthenium
Glufosinate is an effective management option for parthenium
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POSTFoliar applied
•PR
E-EMER
GEN
TH
ERBIC
IDES
Spray coverage on foliage – key factor
Higher spray volumes 20 to 30 gallons per acre
- Dense weed infestations- Large weeds / advanced growth
stage
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POSTFoliar applied
•PR
E-EMER
GEN
TH
ERBIC
IDES
Spray coverage on foliage – key factor
Higher spray volumes 20 to 30 gallons per acre
- Dense weed infestations- Large weeds / advanced growth
stage
Surfactant addition
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Citrus Weed Management
Research updates – steaming for weed mgmt. in citrus
Impacts of herbicides on citrus yield & productivity
PRE-emergent herbicide trials for long-term weed control
Efficacy
Longevity
Managing difficult to control weeds
Crop-safety
![Page 24: Citrus Weed Management Efficacy, Longevity & Crop-safetycitrusagents.ifas.ufl.edu/events/GrowersInstitute2019/PDF/09 30 am... · Managing difficult to control weeds ... under trees](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050309/5f710bf3646257041d6480e1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Applied to bare soil or minimum ‘existent weed coverage’ to ensure max soil incorporation
Pre-emergent OR Residual
herbicides Prevent seed germination
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Active Ingredient(s) Products
Flumioxazin Chateau
Indaziflam Alion
Pre-emergent OR Residual
herbicides
Consult Florida Citrus Production Guide 2018-19 for a complete list
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Active Ingredient(s) Products Product Rate
(per acre)
Flumioxazin Chateau 6 oz.
Flumioxazin Chateau 8 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 3 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 5 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 6 oz. + 3 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 8 oz. + 5 oz.
Control -- --
Study location: Immokalee
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Active Ingredient(s) Products Product Rate
(per acre)
Flumioxazin Chateau 6 oz.
Flumioxazin Chateau 8 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 3 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 5 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 6 oz. + 3 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 8 oz. + 5 oz.
Control -- --
Study location: Immokalee
Study location: Immokalee
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Active Ingredient(s) Products Product Rate
(per acre)
Flumioxazin Chateau 6 oz.
Flumioxazin Chateau 8 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 3 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 5 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 6 oz. + 3 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 8 oz. + 5 oz.
Control -- --
2 MonthsWeed control efficacy (%)
- Replication (n) = 5- Mean comparison: Tukey’s hsd (a 0.05)- All treatments including control received
glyphosate at ~2.0 lbs. A.E/acre
75%
Study location: Immokalee
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Active Ingredient(s) Products Product Rate
(per acre)
Flumioxazin Chateau 6 oz.
Flumioxazin Chateau 8 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 3 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 5 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 6 oz. + 3 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 8 oz. + 5 oz.
Control -- --
Weed control efficacy (%)
5+ Months
75%
- Replication (n) = 5- Mean comparison: Tukey’s hsd (a 0.05)- All treatments including control received
glyphosate at ~2.0 lbs. A.E/acre
Study location: Immokalee
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2 Months 2 Months
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5 months after applicationIndaziflam + Flumioxazin
Study location: Immokalee
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Active Ingredient(s) Products Product Rate
(per acre)
Flumioxazin Chateau 6 oz.
Flumioxazin Chateau 8 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 3 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 5 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 6 oz. + 3 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 8 oz. + 5 oz.
Control -- -- Study location: Zolfo springs
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Active Ingredient(s) Products Product Rate
(per acre)
Flumioxazin Chateau 6 oz.
Flumioxazin Chateau 8 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 3 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 5 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 6 oz. + 3 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 8 oz. + 5 oz.
Control -- --
2 MonthsWeed control efficacy (%)
75%
- Replication (n) = 5
Study location: Zolfo springs
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Active Ingredient(s) Products Product Rate
(per acre)
Flumioxazin Chateau 6 oz.
Flumioxazin Chateau 8 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 3 oz.
Indaziflam Alion 5 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 6 oz. + 3 oz.
Flumioxazin +Indaziflam
Chateau +Alion 8 oz. + 5 oz.
Control -- --
∼5 MonthsWeed control efficacy (%)
75%
- Replication (n) = 5
Study location: Zolfo springs
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Citrus Weed Management
Research updates – steaming for weed mgmt. in citrus
Impacts of herbicides on citrus yield & productivity
PRE-emergent herbicide trials for long-term weed control
Efficacy
Longevity
Managing difficult to control weeds
Crop-safety
![Page 36: Citrus Weed Management Efficacy, Longevity & Crop-safetycitrusagents.ifas.ufl.edu/events/GrowersInstitute2019/PDF/09 30 am... · Managing difficult to control weeds ... under trees](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050309/5f710bf3646257041d6480e1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
-Glyphosate application
Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
- most popular post-emergent herbicide in citrus
- glyphosate reliant weed mgmt. programs (3-4 applications / yr)
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-Glyphosate application
Spray contact
Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
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38
Credits: Steve Futch
Citrus drop from glyphosate spray contact with fruit
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-Glyphosate application
Persistence in soil Citrus uptake
Glyphosate residues
Degradation products
Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
Spray contact
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Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
- To investigate glyphosate linked fruit drop in citrus
Treatment Rate(a.e / A) Product
Control – water spray -- --
Low 0.75 22 oz/A
Medium 1.50 44 oz/A
High 3.75 110 oz/A
glyphosate rates
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Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
- To investigate glyphosate linked fruit drop in citrus
- Application was made during Nov – Feb
- Valencia
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Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
Fruit Detachment Force (FDF) – indicator of fruit holding capacity
- To investigate glyphosate linked fruit drop in citrus
FDF = higher possibility of fruit drop
- Application was made during Nov – Feb
- Valencia
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FDF = higher possibility of fruit drop
FDF response to glyphosate rates
Kanissery, Batuman & Alferez (2018)
3
5
7
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frui
t det
achm
ent f
orce
(FD
F)
Weeks after glyphosate application
Control Low Medium High
2017 study
- Replication (n) = 100
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FDF = higher possibility of fruit drop
FDF response to glyphosate rates
Kanissery, Batuman & Alferez (2018)
3
5
7
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frui
t det
achm
ent f
orce
(FD
F)
Weeks after glyphosate application
Control Low Medium High
2017 study
- Replication (n) = 100
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FDF = higher possibility of fruit drop
FDF response to glyphosate rates
Kanissery, Batuman & Alferez (2018)
3
5
7
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frui
t det
achm
ent f
orce
(FD
F)
Weeks after glyphosate application
Control Low Medium High
2018 study
- Replication (n) = 100
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16.53% 15.94%
13.36%15.42%
0
5
10
15
20
Control Low Medium High
FRU
IT D
ROP
(% O
F IN
ITIA
L FR
UIT
SET
)
HERBICIDE TEST RATES
2018 study
Citrus fruit drop v/s glyphosate application
% of fruit dropped - No statistical difference b/w treatments observed in this study
Yield was low in the control- Competition from
weeds
- Replication (n) = 20
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-Glyphosate application
Persistence in soil Citrus uptake
Glyphosate residues
Degradation products
Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
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-Glyphosate in citrus production
Persistence in soil (?) Citrus uptake
Glyphosate residues
Degradation products
Impacts of herbicides on citrus health and yield
Fruit drop / Yield
Root growth (?)
CollaboratorsDr. Batuman(PATH)Dr. Kadyampakeni(SWS)Dr. Dittmar(HOS)Dr. Alferez(HOS)
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Citrus Weed Management
Research update – steaming for weed mgmt. in citrus
Impacts of herbicides on citrus yield & productivity
PRE-emergent herbicide trials for long-term weed control
Efficacy
Longevity
Managing difficult to control weeds
Crop-safety
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Steaming – in citrus weed management
- Non-chemical weed management
- Sustainable
Mobile boom connected to steamer
Steam generator
Collaborator(s)Dr. Ampatzidis (ABE)Dr. Abdulridha
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Steaming – in citrus weed management
Steamer pulled by tractor
- Non-chemical weed management
- Sustainable
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Steaming – in citrus weed management
- For weed management in the citrus rows
Steam application for citrus row weed control
Collaborator(s)Dr. Ampatzidis (ABE)Dr. Abdulridha
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Steaming – in citrus weed management
- For weed management in the citrus rows
∼ 6 hrs. after steam application
Steam application for citrus row weed control
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Steaming – in citrus weed management
- For weed management in the citrus rows
Untreated Control
Steam applied
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Goat weed control in citrus
- Steam was applied followed by a contact herbicide
Steaming in combination with herbicide application
No steam
With Steam
Paraquat rate (pt. / acre)
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Goat weed control in citrus
- Steam was applied followed by a contact herbicide
Steaming in combination with herbicide application
No steam
With Steam
Paraquat rate (pt. / acre)
0
1
3
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No steam
With Steam
Paraquat rate (pt. / acre)
0 0c 50c
1 46b 89a
3 93a 96a
CV 17.37
P-value 0.0013
1 Day after treatmentGoat weed control in citrus
- Steam was applied followed by a contact herbicide
- Contact herbicide found effective even at lower application rate when combined with steam application
- Replication (n) = 5- Mean comparison: Tukey’s hsd (α 0.05)
% weed control
Steaming in combination with herbicide application
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No steam
With Steam
Paraquat rate (pt. / acre)
0 0c 54b
1 51b 92a
3 95a 96a
CV 19.64
P-value 0.0021
8 Days after treatment
% weed control
Goat weed control in citrus
- Steam was applied followed by a contact herbicide
- Contact herbicide found effective even at lower application rate when combined with steam application
- Replication (n) = 5- Mean comparison: Tukey’s hsd (α 0.05)
Steaming in combination with herbicide application
Collaborator(s)Dr. Ampatzidis (ABE)Dr. Abdulridha
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Summary
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Difficult to control weeds- POST sprays before flowering/seeding- Coverage - Spray volume ; surfactants
Summary: Citrus weed management
PRE-herbicide combinations- Longer term weed control- Dealing with large data sets
Effects of glyphosate on fruit drop / yield- Could potentially lower the FDF- No significant %fruit drop observed
Steaming for weed management- Steaming + herbicide- Efficacy at low rates of chemicals
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SWFREC weed science team
From left: Shea Teems, Biwek Gairhe, Robert Riefer, Ramdas KanisseryIn set: Cami McAvoy, Maria Martinez, Budji Toussaint
Thank you…
Contact
Ramdas Kanissery
UF/IFAS SWFREC2685 State Road NImmokalee, FL
Phone: (239) [email protected]
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