citizenship and the constitution (1787–present)
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CITIZENSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION (1787–Present). Chapter 9. Section 1: Understanding the Constitution. Balance of Power. The constitution tried to balance the state and federal government by giving each the following powers:. Delegated powers – federal government - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CITIZENSHIPAND THE CONSTITUTION
(1787–PRESENT)Chapter 9
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The constitution tried to balance the state and federal government by giving each the following powers:
BALANCE OF POWER
Section 1: Understanding the Constitution
o Delegated powers – federal government
o Reserved powers – state governmento Concurrent powers – shared by state
and federal governmento Representative Democracy- govt. led
by elected officialso Elastic Clause -allows congress to
make laws that are “necessary and proper”
SECTION 1Understanding the Constitution
Delegated Powers
ConcurrentPowers
Reserved Powers
• coining money
• providing for the nation’s defense• declaring war
• conducting diplomacy
• regulating interstate & international trade
• taxing• borrowing money• enforcing laws• providing for
citizens’ welfare
• conductingelections
• establishing local governments
• regulating education
• regulating trade within each state
Montesquieu felt that the government should be divided into three branches: The legislative, executive, and judicial
He based his beliefs on the English system of Government
SEPARATION OF POWERS
SEPARATION OF POWERS
CHECKS AND BALANCES
Each branch of government should be able to check the other two
This would keep them in line, and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful
ROLE OF MONARCHS
Montesquieu was opposed to absolute monarchy
He felt that the monarch should be the head of the executive branch
One executive leader would be more effective than many
LIBERTY
Montesquieu believed that there is no liberty if the powers aren’t separated
Also believed that women were NOT worthy of the same liberties as men
EFFECTS ON THE MODERN WORLD
Inspired American form of government
For example, the separation of powers with a system of checks and balances was adopted
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3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENTCONGRESS, THE PRESIDENT, AND THE FEDERAL COURTS
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“Makes the law”Each of the two
houses of Congress was granted different powers. Each was also designed with different methods of election and different term lengths, making the House more receptive to public opinion and the Senate more stable.
CONGRESS-LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is electedSenate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents
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“Carries out the law”The President would be
chosen by a group of electors from each state. The candidate with the majority of votes in the electoral college, would become President. The President was granted the power to veto Congress and to appoint judges.
P O T U S & V P O T U SE X E C U T I V E B R A N C H
Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years
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• “Interpret the law”
• The Constitution calls for one Supreme Court and several lesser courts, although the details of the federal court system were intentionally left vague.
THE FEDERAL COURTS- JUDICIAL
appointed by president for life, no special requirements
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Legislative Branch House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S.
citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is elected
Senate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents
Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years
Judicial Branch – appointed by president for life, no special requirements
REQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERSHIP
Section 1: Understanding the Constitution
Section 2THE BILL OF RIGHTS
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The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly and the right to petition.
These rights are important because they form the most basic rights of all citizens.
MAIN FREEDOMS OUTLINED IN THE FIRST AMENDMENT AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
Section 2: The Bill of Rights
SECTION 2The Bill of Rights
FirstAmendment
Freedom of ReligionThe country cannot have an official religion.
Freedom of SpeechPeople cannot yell “Fire!” in a crowded theater.
Freedom to PetitionAny American can present a petition to a government official.
Freedom of the PressPeople cannot libel or slander others.
Freedom of AssemblyPeople can hold meetings.
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Second – state militiaThird – no quartering of soldiers in peacetime
Fourth – no unreasonable searches and seizures/search warrants
THE SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH AMENDMENTS ADDRESS COLONIAL
GRIEVANCES.
Section 2: The Bill of Rights
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5th Amendment – due process of law, indictment, no person forced to testify at his own trial, no double jeopardy
6th Amendment – quick trial by jury, nature and cause accusation, confronted with the witness against him, obtaining witnesses in his favor, right to an attorney
THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED – 5TH, 6TH, 7TH, AND 8TH AMENDMENTS
Section 2: The Bill of Rights
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7th Amendment – jury can decide civil cases
8th Amendment – no excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment
THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED – 5TH, 6TH, 7TH, AND 8TH AMENDMENTS
Section 2: The Bill of Rights(continued)
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birthnaturalization
BECOMING A U.S. CITIZEN
Section 3: Rights andResponsibilities of Citizenship
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fulfill civic responsibilitiesobey and know the lawsrespect authority and the
rights of otherspay taxesprotect the nation in time
of dangerserve on juries
DUTIES OF CITIZENS
Section 3: Rights andResponsibilities of Citizenship
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Citizens should be involved in their community and government to strengthe
n their nation
help their neighbors
VOTE
CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT
Section 3: Rights andResponsibilities of Citizenship
SECTION 3Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Organization Activities and ResultsCitizens on Patrol and Neighborhood Watch
patrol their neighborhood; report criminal activity to the police; help prevent crime; keep crime rates down in the neighborhood
American Red Cross
Habitat for Humanity
Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts
does jobs along with the government; helps citizens in times of natural disasters or emergencies
builds houses for low-income families
plan many projects for the community, such as planting trees
Chapter Wrap-UpCHAPTER 9
1. How does the Constitution prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful? Be sure to consider all three branches of government.
2. Why is voting an important responsibility in a representative democracy?
3. In what ways does the U.S. government protect the rights of all Americans?