Citing of Booksand Other Non-

periodicalPublications

The “APA Format”

APA(American Psychological

Association) style is most

commonly used to cite

sources within the social

sciences.

• Label the page “References”, and put it

at the top center of the page.

•While earlier versions of APA format

required only one space after each

sentence, the new sixth-edition of the

style manual now recommends two spaces. The

reference section should be double-spaced.

•All lines after the first line of each

entry in your reference list should be

indented one-half inch from the left

margin.This is called hanging indentation.

•Authors' names are inverted (last name first);

give the last name and initials for all authors

of a particular work for up to and including

seven authors. If the work has more than seven

authors, list the first six authors and then use

ellipses after the sixth author's name. After

the ellipses, list the last author's name of the

work.

•Reference list entries should be alphabetized

by the last name of the first author of each

work.

•For multiple articles by the same author, or

authors listed in the same order, list the

entries in chronological order, from earliest to

most recent.

•Present the journal title in full.

•Maintain the punctuation and capitalization that

is used by the journal in its title.

For example: ReCALL not RECALL or Knowledge

Management Research & Practice not Knowledge

Management Research and Practice.

•Capitalize all major words in journal titles.

•When referring to books, chapters, articles, or

Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of

the first word of a title and subtitle, the first

word after a colon or a dash in the title, and

proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter

of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.

•Titles of books, journals, magazines, and

newspapers should appear in italics.

BASIC FORMAT FOR BOOKS (SINGLE AUTHOR)

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of

work/book: Capital letter also for

subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.

EXAMPLE:

Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos: Making a new science

New York: Penguin.

NOTE: Capitalize only the first word in the

title including the first word after the colon if

there is any subtitle.

TWO OR THREE AUTHORS

List by their last names and initials. Use the ampersand (&)

"and."

EXAMPLE:

March, J.G., & Simon H. A. (1958). Organizations.

New York: Wiley.

MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS

McPherson, W., Lehmann, S., Lickness, C., & Pankake, M.

(1987). English and american literature: Sources and

strategies for collection development. Chicago:

American Library Association.

NOTE: Optionally, you give all the author’s names in

the order they appear

on the title page.TWO AUTHORS WITH THE

SAME LAST NAMEEbbit, W. R., & Ebbit D. (1978). Writer’s guide and

index to english. Glenview: Scott, Forseman.

ANONYMOUS AUTHOR

Experimental psychology. (1988). New York, NY: Holt.

Wodtke, C., & Govella, A. (2009). Information

architecture: Blueprints for the web (2nd

ed.). Berkely, CA: New Riders.

BOOKS WITH EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST

BOOK WITH EDITOR(S) AND NO AUTHOR

Leonard W. R. & Crawford M. H. (Eds.). (2002). Human

biology of pastoral populations. Cambridge,

NY: Cambridge University Press.

BOOK WITH NO AUTHOR AND NO EDITOR

The theory of care. (1978). Hazards of primary care

in aging populations (2nd ed.). Philadelphia,

PA: J.B. Lippincott.

NOTE: Place the title of the chapter or

dictionary/encyclopedia entry in the author

spot when there is no author.

GROUP OR CORPORATION AS THE AUTHOR

Holiday Magazine. (1964). Spain. New York: Random House.

NOTE: When the corporate author is also the

publisher, place the word “Author” in the place of

the publisher. Example:

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication

manual of the american psychological association

(6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

REFERENCE

BOOKSDictionary

Word. (Publication year). In Title and subtitle of

the book (nth ed.). Publication: Publisher.

Education. (2003). In Merriam-Webster‘s dictionary

(11th ed.). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

NOTE: The word “In” should be put right before

the title of the book.Put the word "In" followed by the title. If there is a

subtitle, separate it from the title by a colon.

Capitalize only the first word of the title and

subtitle and all proper nouns or names. Italicize

the title but do not end with a period as the

dictionary has an edition.

Encyclopedia

Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article

title. In Encyclopedia Name.(Vol.#, pp.

Page(s)). City, State: Publisher.

McGhee, K., & McKay, G. (2007). Insects.

In Encyclopedia of Animals. (pp. 170-171).

Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New

Encyclopedia Britannica. (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).

Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.

ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE WITHOUT AN AUTHOR

The art of architecture. (2002). In Encyclopedia

Britannica: Macropedia (Vol. 1, pp. 243-261).

Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Brittanica.

Periodical Publications

Citing Articlesand Other Publications in Periodicals

MAGAZINE

Last, F. M. (Year, Month Published). Article title.

Magazine Title, Volume(Issue), pp. Page(s).

Henry, W. A. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in

today's schools. Time, 135(1), 28-31.

NEWSPAPER

Author, A.A.. (Year, Month Date of Publication).

Article title. Magazine Title, pp. xx-xx.

Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery

proves an effective legal weapon. The New York

Times, p. 5.

Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article

title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pp. Pages.

JOURNAL

Jacoby, W. G. (1994). Public attitudes toward government

spending. American Journal of Political Science,

38(2), 336-361.