CIT 141 – CIT 141 – PC/Networking PC/Networking FundamentalsFundamentals

Lee WeinerLee Weiner

572-6025572-6025

weinerl@nku.eduweinerl@nku.edu

Course TopicsCourse Topics

Electricity FundamentalsElectricity Fundamentals How a PC worksHow a PC works PC ComponentsPC Components Assembling a PCAssembling a PC System and Application SoftwareSystem and Application Software Troubleshooting HardwareTroubleshooting Hardware

IntroductionIntroduction

Introduction to Computers and Introduction to Computers and Computer SystemsComputer Systems

Introduction to NetworksIntroduction to Networks Basic ElectricityBasic Electricity Numbering SystemsNumbering Systems Lab SafetyLab Safety

Computers & Computer Computers & Computer SystemsSystems

A computer is hardwareA computer is hardware A Computer System is the A Computer System is the

combination of hardware and combination of hardware and softwaresoftware• System SoftwareSystem Software• Application SoftwareApplication Software

Three Types of ComputersThree Types of Computers

Mainframes – Large, fast, used by Mainframes – Large, fast, used by corporations and scientific corporations and scientific organizations (Thousands of users)organizations (Thousands of users)

Minicomputers – Medium sized Minicomputers – Medium sized companies and field offices companies and field offices (Hundreds of users)(Hundreds of users)

Personal Computers – Small (Single Personal Computers – Small (Single user or small group of users)user or small group of users)

Definition of a NetworkDefinition of a Network

Two or more computers connected Two or more computers connected together to share information and together to share information and resources.resources.

A network can span a room, a A network can span a room, a building, a campus, or the planet. building, a campus, or the planet.

Basic ElectricityBasic Electricity

Two types of electric currentTwo types of electric current• Alternating Current (AC) – The kind that Alternating Current (AC) – The kind that

comes out of the wallcomes out of the wall• Direct Current (DC) – The kind that Direct Current (DC) – The kind that

comes from a battery.comes from a battery. Most devices need DC, but most Most devices need DC, but most

power supplied is AC. power supplied is AC.

Alternating CurrentAlternating Current

The 120 volt, 60 Hz The 120 volt, 60 Hz current that comes current that comes out of the wall out of the wall actually varies actually varies from 169 volts to -from 169 volts to -169 volts sixty 169 volts sixty times a second.times a second.

120 is the 120 is the calculated RMS calculated RMS voltage.voltage.

DC Power SuppliesDC Power Supplies

Power supplies perform two functionsPower supplies perform two functions• Transformation – Stepping the voltage Transformation – Stepping the voltage

up or down.up or down.• Rectification – Converting AC to DCRectification – Converting AC to DC

TransformationTransformation

Only AC can be transformed, because the Only AC can be transformed, because the process uses the expanding and collapsing process uses the expanding and collapsing magnetic fields caused by the increasing magnetic fields caused by the increasing and decreasing current.and decreasing current.

RectificationRectification AC is rectified using a AC is rectified using a diodediode, a device , a device

that allows current flow in only one that allows current flow in only one direction.direction.

FilteringFiltering

A A capacitorcapacitor is used to fill in the no- is used to fill in the no-current time slots.current time slots.

Numbering SystemsNumbering SystemsOur everyday number system is the decimal system. (Base 10)

Each digit represents a power of 10.

2645

Numbering SystemsNumbering SystemsOur everyday number system is the decimal system. (Base 10)

Each digit represents a power of 10.

2645103 102 101 100

Numbering SystemsNumbering Systems

In IT, we sometimes count in two other numbering systems:

Binary – Base 2 Hexadecimal – Base 16

1011 3F6A23 22 21 20 163 162 161 160

Lab SafetyLab Safety

Use the wrist strap to neutralize ESDUse the wrist strap to neutralize ESD Remove all jewelryRemove all jewelry Roll up long sleeves (Clothing can Roll up long sleeves (Clothing can

hold ESD)hold ESD) Use the proper tools for each taskUse the proper tools for each task Handle components by the edgeHandle components by the edge