cisco catalyst digital building series switch efficiency ... · series switch can act as an element...
TRANSCRIPT
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switch
Efficiency Validation Testing
October 2017
DR170816C
Miercom.com
www.miercom.com
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 2 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
Contents
1.0 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Product Overview ................................................................................................................................... 4
3.0 How We Did It ......................................................................................................................................... 6
4.0 Power Efficiency .................................................................................................................................... 10
5.0 Power Factor .......................................................................................................................................... 12
6.0 Total Harmonic Distortion ................................................................................................................ 14
7.0 Standby and Startup PoE Behavior ................................................................................................ 16
8.0 Heat Dissipation ................................................................................................................................... 18
9.0 Time to Power ....................................................................................................................................... 20
About Miercom ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Customer Use and Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 21
Use of This Report ...................................................................................................................................... 21
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 3 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
1.0 Executive Summary
Ethernet cabling can transfer both data and power to network devices like Voice over IP (VoIP)
and wireless access points. From the introduction of smart appliances and other Internet-aware
devices, such as LED lighting and thermostats, a demand was created for coherent power
efficiency in digital business environments. Centralized power control and management of
network and physical end points aims to produce such high efficiency using Ethernet and switch
technology.
Cisco engaged Miercom for an independent evaluation of their Catalyst Digital Building Series
switch. These switches offer Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) and the Cisco-standard Universal PoE
(UPOE), which supplies double the power of PoE. Each switch was tested for power efficiency,
power factor, total harmonic distortion, standby and startup behavior, heat dissipation and
time-to-power.
Key Findings
Less than 6.5 seconds between power up and power to all ports
Standby power consumption under 4 W for both switches
Idle power consumption below 6 W (PoE+) and 8 W (UPOE)
More than 88 percent PoE+ efficiency for 50 percent or higher voltage load
Greater than 90 percent UPOE efficiency for 50 percent or higher voltage load
Total harmonic distortion minimized to as little as 7 percent, allowing for
higher quality power distribution
Robust design offers effective operation over a large temperature
range, from -5 to 50°C
Based on results of our testing, the Cisco Catalyst
Digital Building Switch Series for PoE+ and UPOE
displayed high power efficiency, power factor and
quality, earning it the Miercom Certified Green award.
Robert Smithers
CEO
Miercom
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 4 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
2.0 Product Overview
The digital transformation of businesses using enhanced efficiency solutions has been a costly
one. Subsystems such as lighting, HVAC and security, require centralized control and power for
optimized energy flow and connectivity. The Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Switch is a Power
over Ethernet (PoE) and Universal PoE (UPOE) device for connecting diverse systems into a
singularly managed environment.
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switch
Firmware version: Rev. 30 (PoE+ and UPOE)
This switch was built with the intent of efficiently
powering digital building systems, such as LED
lighting. It goes beyond Internet of Things (IoT)
switches, offering power efficiency, reliability,
management, security and flexibility.
Hardware and Flexibility
Silent operation with fanless design
8 fast Ethernet ports and 2 gigabit copper uplink ports
Available in PoE+ and UPOE models
Rack, electrical cabinet or in-ceiling mounting options
Direct wire or IEC plug powering options
Power and Reliability
PoE+ offers 30 W of power per port, supporting up to 240 W
UPOE offers 60 W of power per port, supporting up to 480 W
Perpetual UPOE supplies continuous power to subsystems, even during upgrades,
reboots and configuration changes
Fast UPOE provides restoration of PoE and UPOE within 6.5 seconds of power failure
90 percent or more power efficiency above 70 percent maximum PoE load and 50
percent maximum UPOE load
Hibernation and idle mode
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 5 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
Control and Management
Cisco Configuration Professional for Catalyst web user interface
Automatic deployment using either APIC-EM or Network Plug-n-Play solutions
Firmware control available on and offline
Bluetooth integration
Network management using Cisco Prime Infrastructure, Cisco Network Assisstant and
Cisco Active Advisor
Cisco Energy Management suite for full control and visibility
Security and Defense
Supports IPv6, LACP, DHCP, Cisco VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), remote monitoring,
LLDP and LDDP-MED identification protocols
Functions as IoT protocol, CoAP Proxy, for analytic services
Authentication and secure boot capabilities
Port-based access control lists
In conjunction with a Cisco Catalyst 9300 Series switch, the Catalyst Digital Building
Series switch can act as an element of Cisco’s Network as a Sensor (NaaS) and Network
as an Enforcer (NaaE) solutions to provide deep visibility, intelligence, and role-based
enforcement to reduce attack surface and isolate threats
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 6 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
3.0 How We Did It
Miercom used hands-on testing designed to simulate a real-world business network
environment in order to provide a robust, realistic assessment of the products’ capabilities,
efficiency and effectiveness. The fundamental aspect of the methodology was to create a test
framework for validating the power efficiency.
Test Tools
Reach TR-PoE4N Power over Ethernet Tester (Supports IEEE 802.3af/at/UPOE/PoE++)
Tektronix MSO4104 Oscilloscope
Yokagawa Power Meter WT310E
Tektronix TCP303 Current Probe
Tektronix TCPA300 Current Amplifier 5A/V
1000 Series Test Equity Temperature Chamber
Chroma ATE 6460 Power Supply
A terminal server was used to collect data and control test tools.
Tests
1. Power efficiency
2. Power factor
3. Total harmonic distortion
4. Standby and idle mode power consumption
5. Heat dissipation
6. Time to Power
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 7 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
Data from tests 1 through 5 were collected using a single scripted test series, shown below, for
different combinations of three temperatures in degrees Celsius (°C) and three voltages (V).
Temperatures (°C) Voltages (V)
-5 115
25 230
50 277
Test Series Script
This test series process was used for tests 1 through 5 with different combinations of temperatures
and voltages to determine the effect of these variables on PoE performance.
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 8 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
Before the test series was run, the environmental test bed chamber was set to the first of three
temperatures. Once the chamber was within one degree of the desired temperature, it remained
constant for 45 minutes. The input voltage was set to the first of three voltages, and the switch
was put into standby mode. During this time, the terminal server queried all measurements for a
total of ten times and power cycled the switches to exit standby mode.
The switch was then pushed into idle mode, powered on without any load. The terminal server
repeated the series for ten iterations, and the Reach PoE tester was set to 10 percent load.
Another series of tests were measured. This process was repeated while the PoE tested cycled
through loads in 10 percent increments until 100 percent load was reached.
The input voltage was changed, and the measurement process was completed. After cycling
through all voltages, the temperature chamber was set to the next value. The test bed soaked in
this temperature for 45 minutes as before, and each measurement series was repeated for the
three voltages. To ensure accurate measurement, the current probes were manually degaussed
and balanced during each soak period to eliminate remnants of magnetic fields.
Test 6 was measured using an oscilloscope to determine the time difference between power up
and PoE power on all ports.
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 9 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
Test Bed Diagram
Voltage Fluke DMM
8845A
Chroma ATE 6460
Power Supply
Yokogawa
Power Meter
Cisco Catalyst Digital
Building Switch
Oscilloscope
Current
Probe/Amplifier
Reach Technology
PoE Tester
Terminal Server
Test Equity 1000 Series
Temperature Chamber
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 10 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
4.0 Power Efficiency
Description
The efficiency was calculated for each load in increments of 10 percent between 0 and 100
percent, at a temperature of -5, 25, and 50°C. The power efficiency of the Cisco Catalyst PoE+
and UPOE switches were measured and calculated as:
η = 100 ∙ ( 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑖𝑛 )⁄
This test was repeated three times for AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The charts
below are displayed by separate temperature in the Appendix.
Results
The minimum PoE+ switch efficiency at each voltage and temperature, across the full range of
loads, was observed and recorded. Efficiency increased significantly for higher voltages and higher
temperatures as 10 to 40 percent voltage loads were applied. For any voltage-temperature
combination with a 65 percent or higher voltage load, efficiency was at least 90 percent.
70
75
80
85
90
95
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at -5°C, 25°C, 50°C
115 V, -5°C
230 V, -5°C
277 V, -5°C
115 V, 25°C
230 V, 25°C
277 V, 25°C
115 V, 50°C
230 V, 50°C
277 V, 50°C
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 11 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
The minimum UPOE switch efficiency at each voltage and temperature, across the full range of
loads, was observed and recorded. Like PoE+ switches, efficiency increased sharply for higher
voltages and higher temperatures as 10 to 30 percent voltage loads were applied. For any
voltage-temperature combination with a 40 percent or higher voltage load, efficiency was at least
90 percent.
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at -5°C, 25°C, 50°C
115 V, -5°C
230 V, -5°C
277 V, -5°C
115 V, 25°C
230 V, 25°C
277 V, 25°C
115 V, 50°C
230 V, 50°C
277 V, 50°C
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 12 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
5.0 Power Factor
Description
The power factor is the ratio, in percent, of power delivered for its intended purpose. This ratio
compares real power and reactive, unused power. A low power factor can decrease system life
and possibly result in higher rates from electrical providers.
The power factor was measured for each load in increments of 10 percent, from 0 percent to
100 percent. The power factor was measured using the Yokogawa power meter.
This test was repeated three times at AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The minimum
power factor recorded for each load at each input voltage is shown below.
Results
The power factor for PoE+ was measured for three voltages. As expected, the lowest voltage experienced
the highest power factor, and the highest voltage had the lowest power factor due to its large variation in
real and reactive power. When at least 55 percent of the load was applied, all voltages had a power factor
of at least 90 percent.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Fa
cto
r (%
)
Voltage Load (%)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ AC Power Factor
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 13 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
The power factor for UPOE was measured for three voltages. As expected, the lowest voltage saw the
highest power factor, and the highest voltage had the lowest power factor due to its large variation in real
and reactive power. When at least 50 percent of the load was applied, all voltages had a power factor of
at least 90 percent.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Fa
cto
r (%
)
Voltage Load (%)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE AC Power Factor
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 14 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
6.0 Total Harmonic Distortion
Description
The total harmonic distortion is a ratio of harmonic power to fundamental power, where
harmonic components are signal nonlinearities which cause distortion. The lower the harmonic
distortion, the higher quality of power is observed.
The total harmonic distortion in the current was measured for a voltage load range incremented
by 10 percent from 0 percent to 100 percent. The total harmonic distortion of the PoE+ and
UPOE switches were measured using the Yokogawa power meter.
This test was repeated three times at AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The maximum
total harmonic distortion recorded for each load at each input voltage is shown below.
Results
Lower total harmonic distortion implies a higher power factor, and as seen in the previous test the lower
voltage had a higher power factor. The total harmonic distortion was expectedly low for the lowest PoE+
voltage and highest for the highest PoE+ voltage.
5
10
15
20
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tota
l Har
dm
on
ic D
istr
oti
on
(%
)
Voltage Load (%)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Total Harmonic Distortion
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 15 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
Lower total harmonic distortion means a higher power factor, and as seen in the previous test the lower
voltage had a higher power factor. The total harmonic distortion was expectedly low for the lowest
UPOE voltage.
6
8
10
12
14
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tota
l Har
dm
on
ic D
istr
oti
on
(%
)
Voltage Load (%)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Total Harmonic Distortion
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 16 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
7.0 Standby and Startup PoE Behavior
Description
The maximum power consumption in Watts (W) at each voltage level for standby mode
and idle mode are shown below. The power consumption was measured using the Yokogawa
power meter.
Results
The maximum PoE+ power consumption was measured for three voltages. In standby mode, higher
voltages consumed more power but remained below 3.5 W. In idle mode, the highest voltage
consumed the least power. It remained below 6 W and may be a result of its high power efficiency.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Standby Idle
Po
we
r C
on
sum
pti
on
(W
)
Power Mode
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Consumption
115 V
230 V
277 V
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 17 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
The maximum UPOE power consumption was measured for three voltages. In standby mode, higher
voltages consumed more power, remaining below 4 W. In idle mode, the highest voltage consumed
the least power. It remained below 8 W and may be a result of its high power efficiency.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Standby Idle
Po
we
r C
on
sum
pti
on
(W
)
Power Mode
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Consumption
115 V
230 V
277 V
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 18 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
8.0 Heat Dissipation
Description
The heat output of the switch is estimated using calculations based on power, voltage and
current and converted to the rate of British Thermal Units per hour (BTU/hr). Heat output is
calcuated over a range of loads increasing in increments of 10 percent, from 0 percent to 100
percent. The heat dissipation of the Cisco Catalyst PoE+ and UPOE switches is conservatively
calculated based on the assumption that all power lost is converted to heat in the switch.
The heat output is calculated as follows:
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = (𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 ∗ 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡)
This output is converted to BTU/hr, where 1 W equals 3.412 BTU/hr. This test was repeated three
times at AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The maximum heat output calculated for
each load at each input voltage is shown below.
Results
The PoE+ maximum heat dissipation for each voltage was calculated for a range of loads of
different voltages. The highest voltage of 277 volts had the least dissipation as loads were applied
and the most linear progression. The modest slope indicated that heat dissipation was gradual and
power was not immediately wasted.
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
He
at O
utp
ut
(BTU
/hr)
Voltage Load (%)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Heat Dissipation
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 19 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
The UPOE maximum heat dissipation for each voltage was calculated for a range of loads of
different voltages. The highest voltage of 277 volts had the least dissipation as loads were applied
and the most linear progression. UPOE had higher amounts of dissipation, with its maximum for
115 volts at 145 BTU/hr, whereas PoE+at 115 volts only reached 77 BTU/hr. Since there was no
sharp increase in heat dissipation, there was not a significant amount of unused power until the
higher loads were applied.
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
135
145
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
He
at O
utp
ut
(BTU
/hr)
Voltage Load (%)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Heat Dissipation
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 20 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
9.0 Time to Power
Description
The time to PoE power was measured using the Tektronix oscilloscope. The time between the
start of AC power in and the eighth current spike is reported as the time to power. The eighth
current spike indicated the time at which the last port received power. The figure below shows a
screen capture from the oscilloscope, depicting a typical power-on current signal. All results for
this test were captured at room temperature of about 21°C.
This oscilloscope measurement was taken the moment the switch
powered on and stopped when the PoE ports were powered on.
Results
PoE+ UPOE
Voltage (V) Time to Last Port (s) Voltage (V) Time to Last Port (s)
115 6.38 115 6.42
230 6.39 230 6.41
277 6.19 277 6.23
Voltages were tested three times, and the resulting times are the average time to power observed for
the PoE+ and UPOE switch. For both PoE+ and UPOE, the time to power had decreased as voltage
was increased, providing power in less than 6.5 seconds.
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 21 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
About Miercom
Miercom has published hundreds of network product analyses in leading trade periodicals and
other publications. Miercom’s reputation as the leading, independent product test center is
undisputed. Private test services available from Miercom include competitive product analyses,
as well as individual product evaluations. Miercom features comprehensive certification and test
programs including: Certified Interoperable, Certified Reliable, Certified Secure and Certified
Green. Products may also be evaluated under the Performance Verified program, the industry’s
most thorough and trusted assessment for product usability and performance.
Customer Use and Evaluation
We encourage customers to do their own product trials, as tests are based on the
average environment and do not reflect every possible deployment scenario. We offer
consulting services and engineering assistance for any customer who wishes to perform an
on-site evaluation.
Use of This Report
Every effort was made to ensure the accuracy of the data contained in this report but errors
and/or oversights can occur. The information documented in this report may also rely on various
test tools, the accuracy of which is beyond our control. Furthermore, the document relies on
certain representations by the vendors that were reasonably verified by Miercom but beyond
our control to verify to 100 percent certainty.
This document is provided “as is,” by Miercom and gives no warranty, representation or
undertaking, whether express or implied, and accepts no legal responsibility, whether direct or
indirect, for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or suitability of any information contained in
this report.
All trademarks used in the document are owned by their respective owners. You agree not
to use any trademark in or as the whole or part of your own trademarks in connection with
any activities, products or services which are not ours, or in a manner which may be
confusing, misleading or deceptive or in a manner that disparages us or our information,
projects or developments
© 2017 Miercom. All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, or
transmitted without the express written consent of the authors. Please email [email protected] for additional information.
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 22 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
Appendix
1. Power Efficiency by temperature
i. PoE+
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at -5°C
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at 25°C
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at 50°C
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 23 DR170816C
Copyright ©2017 Miercom 16 October 2017
ii. UPOE
75
80
85
90
95
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at -5°C
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
80
84
88
92
96
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at 25°C
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review
80
84
88
92
96
100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Po
we
r Ef
fici
en
cy (
Pe
rce
nta
ge)
Voltage Load (Percentage)
Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at 50°C
115 Volts
230 Volts
277 Volts
Source: Miercom Certified Test Review