cis120: access handouts

7/31/2019 CIS120: Access Handouts

1/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad ? he 95

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpyPmdyd mok`htpy ord ouofcobcd fk pmd Bcoilbhor` ihtryd oy fk`fuf`toc efcdy# btp ord

~r hu f`d` md rd fk hk d arht ~+

Irdopfka o Kd @opoboyd fk Jfirhyhep Oiidyy 2>?> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

Irdopd o Bcokl @opoboyd +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

H~dkfka o Ymord` @opoboyd erhj pmd o rdo`*hkcv `rfud -cfld pmd Y7 `rfud& ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

H~dkfka o ^rdufhtycv Youd` @opoboyd erhj Vhtr K7 @rfud hr Ecoym @rfud ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0

Pmd Yditrfpv Qorkfka @focha +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0

Boilfka T~ Vhtr @opoboyd ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0

Jfirhyhep Oiidyy 2>?> @opo Pv~dy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4

Ktjbdr Pv~dy fk Oiidyy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4

Tyfka pmd _tdrv @dyfak Phhc fk Oiidyy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5

Rtkkfka Vhtr _tdrv ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =

Youfka Vhtr _tdrv +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =

Rdcopfhkoc H~drophry fk Oiidyy 2>?> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6

Ok` ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?>

Hr ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?>

Iocitcopd` Efdc`y +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ??

@defkfka o Iocitcopd` Efdc` ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ??

Pd}p Efdc`y ok` Ihkiopdkopfhk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?2

Ehrjoppfka o Iocitcopd` Ihctjk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?2

@opd Etkipfhky fk Oiidyy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?0

Tyfka Ehrjop-& ph `fy~cov òpdy ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?4

Cfld ok` Qfcìor`y ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?5

Qfcìor`y7 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?5

Phpocy _tdrfdy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?=

Ihtkpfka Rdihr`y ok` @fy~covfka Phpocy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?=

Ph irdopd o Phpocy _tdrv7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2>

O``fpfhkoc Iocitcopfhky +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2>

O``fka O``fpfhkoc Irfpdrfo ph o Phpocy _tdrv ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2?


2/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad 2 he 95

ôrojdpdr _tdrfdy ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 29

Irdopfka o ôrojdpdr _tdrv +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 20

Mh `h F lkh mop ph pv~d fk pmd yqtord broildpy8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 24

T~òpd _tdrfdy +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 25

Irdopfka ok T~òpd _tdrv ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 25

O``fka Irfpdrfo ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 25

Rtkkfka ok T~òpd _tdrv+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 21

Jv T~òpd _tdrv `hdykp hrl/ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 21

Irdopfka o Rd~hrp fk Oiidyy ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2=

Irdopfka pmd Rd~hrp7 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2=

Arht~fka ok` Yhrpfka7 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9>

Phpocy7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9>

Ihk`fpfhkoc Ehrjoppfka7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9>

Jofc Jdrad ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9?


3/36


Irdopfka o Kd @opoboyd fk Jfirhyhep Oiidyy 2>?>

Oiidyy hrly fpm efcdy `feedrdkpcv pmok hpmdr Heefid ~rharojyfk hr`dr ph `h okvpmfka fk Oiidyy# vht

kdd` ph irdopd o @opoboyd efcd hk o mor` `rfud# ecoym `rfud# hr kdphrl ymord+ Qhr`# D}idc ok`

^hdr^hfkp iok occ hrl erhj o ihj~tpdry jdjhrv# ok` tyfka pmd Youd etkipfhk ph youd oy o efcd iok

bd `hkd oepdr fkehrjopfhk moy bddk o``d`fe vhtud dudr ehrahppdk ph youd o efcd fk Qhr` ok` pmdk

oiif`dkpoccv ichyd` fp# vht jov moud bddk bfppdk bv pmfy bdmoufhr# yfkid pmop hrl oykp youd`

okvmdrd ~drjokdkpcv/

Oiidyy# hk pmd hpmdr mok`# ocovy hrly erhj o youd` òpoboyd efcd hk `fyl fp ocovy youdy imokady ph

pmd òpoboyd hk `fyl+ Pmfy fy ahh` bdmoufhr# bdiotyd fp jdoky pmop vhtcc rordcv chyd òpo bdiotyd fp

oykp youd`btp fp ocyh jdoky pmop vht moud bd iordetc mdk jh`fevfka òpo# yfkid pmd Tk`h

etkipfhk fy udrv cfjfpd`+

Irdopd o Bcokl @opoboyd

Qmdk vht irdopd o bcokl òpoboyd# pmd efryp pmfka vht jtyp `dpdrjfkd fy mdrd pmd òpoboyd efcd fcc bd

youd`# ok` mop fy fcc bd ioccd`+ Ehr pmfy icoyy# fpy rdihjjdk`d` pmop vht youd òpoboydy vht irdopd phvhtr K7 `rfud+

?+ H~dk Oiidyy 2>?> erhj pmd yporp jdkt fihk+2+ Oiidyy yporpy t~ hk pmd Boilypoad ufd+ Icfil hk Bcokl @opoboyd

-kdor pmd ph~ cdep he pmd fk`h&+

9+ Hk pmd rfamp yf`d he pmd yirddk# pmd Bcokl @opoboyd ehrj fcc o~~dor+Pmfy fy mdrd vht imhhyd o chiopfhk ok` o efcdkojd

ehr vhtr opoboyd+ -Pmd efcd d}pdkyfhk +oii`b fcc bd

o~~dk`d` otphjopfioccv+&

o+ Efryp icfil hk pmd ehc`dr fihk ph imhhyd ochiopfhk ehr vhtr òpoboyd -d+a+ vhtr K7

`rfud&

b+ Pmdk efcc fk pmd kojd he vhtr òpoboyd+i+ Icfil Irdopd ph irdopd pmd òpoboyd+ Fp fcc

h~dk otphjopfioccv+

H~dkfka o Ymord` @opoboyd erhj pmd o rdo`*hkcv `rfud -cfld pmd Y7 `rfud&Yfkid Oiidyy hrly fpm efcdy `feedrdkpcv pmok hpmdr Heefid o~~cfiopfhky# vht iokp gtyp `htbcd*icfil hk o

òpoboyd efcd hk o rdo`*hkcv `rfud ph h~dk fp+ Ih~v pmd opoboyd efcdvhtr `dylph~# ecoym `rfud# hr K7

`rfud efryp# ok` pmdk `htbcd*icfil hk fp ph h~dk fp+ Yfkid Oiidyy youdy imokady mfcd vht ord hrlfka# pmd

òpoboyd vht ord tyfka ph ~roipfid jtyp bd rfpobcd bv vhtvht ordkp occhd` ph youd pmfkay ph o rdo`*

hkcv `rfud cfld pmd Y7 `rfud# yh Oiidyy fcc ihj~cofk fy vhtrd prvfka ph hrl fpm o òpoboyd pmdrd+


4/36


H~dkfka o ^rdufhtycv Youd` @opoboyd erhj Vhtr K7 @rfud hr Ecoym @rfud

Ph h~dk o ~rdufhtycv youd` òpoboyd pmop vhtud irdopd` ehr vhtr hk hrl -pmopy hk pmd K7 `rfud# pmd

`dylph~# hr vhtr hk ecoym `rfud vht iok gtyp `htbcd*icfil hk pmd efcd fihk ph h~dk fpvht `hkp kdd` ph

ih~v fp efryp+

Pmd Yditrfpv Qorkfka @fochaDudrv pfjd vht h~dk o ~rdufhtycv youd` òpoboyd# vhtcc ydd pmfy orkfka tk`dr pmd rfbbhk7

Pmfy orkfka fy ph mdc~ ~rhpdip vht erhj

ufrtydy ok` hrjy pmop iok bd prokyjfppd`

ufo Oiidyy efcdy+ Fe vht rdidfud Oiidyy

òpoboydy erhj yhtridy vht `h khp prtyp -cfld

tkyhcfifpd` djofcy/ bd orv he pmdj/Mhdudr# ehr pmfy icoyy# vht iok bd

rdoyhkobcv ytrd pmop pmd òpoboydy F ymord

fpm vht ord ufrty*erdd+ Ok` vht iok ocyh bd

ytrd pmop òpoboydy vhtud irdopd` ord/

Bdehrd vht iok hrl fk Oiidyy# icfil pmd

Dkobcd Ihkpdkp btpphk fk pmd orkfka bor+ Vht iok ocyh icfil hk pmd Efcd btpphk# imhhyd Fkeh# ok`

pmdk imhhyd Dkobcd Ihkpdkp kd}p ph pmd yditrfpv orkfka+ Pmd yditrfpv orkfka fcc `fyo~~dor# ok`

vhtcc bd obcd ph hrl fk Oiidyy+

Boilfka T~ Vhtr @opoboydVht iok jold o boilt~ ih~v he o òpoboyd ufo ph jdpmh`y7

Bdehrd h~dkfka pmd òpoboyd# jold o ih~v he pmd efcd tyfka pmd Qfk`hybtfcp*fk efcd jokoadjdkp phhcy+

Qmfcd fk Oiidyy# ah ph pmd Efcd jdkt# ok` imhhyd Youd @opoboyd Oy+ Vhtccbd ~rhj~pd` ph youd o kd ih~v he pmd òpoboyd fpm o kd kojd+

Boilt~y ord o ardop f`do fe vhtrd ahfka ph bd jolfka o chp he imokady ph o òpoboyd# dy~difoccv oy vht

cdorkfpy pmd hkcv ov ph rdptrk ph o ~rdufhty udryfhk he vhtr òpo# yfkid occ imokady vht jold ord

youd` otphjopfioccv/


5/36


Jfirhyhep Oiidyy 2>?> @opo Pv~dy@opo Pv~d @dyirf~pfhk

OtphKtjbdr Ok OtphKtjbdr efdc` irdopdy tkfqtd uoctdy otphjopfioccv mdk Oiidyy irdopdy o kd

rdihr`+ Pmd OtphKtjbdr efdc` fy ~rfjorfcv tyd` ehr ^rfjorv Ldvy fk Oiidyy+

Pd}p O Pd}p efdc` iok ihkpofk uoctdy pmop ord pd}p# ktjdrfi hr o ihjbfkopfhk he bhpm+ O pd}p

efdc` iok ihkpofk o jo}fjtj cdkapm he 244 imoroipdry+ Pmfy fy tydetc ehr ymhrp pd}p

òpo# cfld kojdy hr pfpcdy+

Jdjh O jtim coradr udryfhk he pmd pd}p efdc`# occhfka yphroad he t~ ph 2 AB he òpo+

Ktjbdr Pmd Ktjbdr efdc` iok yphrd ktjdrfi uoctdypmd jhyp ihjjhk pv~dy he Ktjbdr efdc`

ord Chka Fkpdadr mfim hkcv yphrdy fkpdadr uoctdy# ok` @htbcd# mfim iok yphrd

`difjoc uoctdy oy dcc+

@opd(Pfjd Pmd @opd(Pfjd efdc` occhy yphroad he òpd ok` pfjd fkehrjopfhk+

Itrrdkiv Pmd Itrrdkiv òpo pv~d yphrdy uoctdy fk o jhkdporv ehrjop+

Vdy(Kh Bhhcdok òpo yphroad he prtd(eocyd s vdy(kh s hk(hee uoctdy+

HCD Hbgdip Pmd HCD Hbgdip efdc` yphrdy fjoady# `hitjdkpy# aro~my dpi+ erhj Heefid ok` Qfk`hy

boyd` ~rharojy+ Pmd jo}fjtj òpo yfwd fy 2 AB# ocpmhtam pmfy fcc ych `hk o

òpoboyd+Mv~drcfkl Pmd Mv~drcfkl efdc` pv~d fy tyd` ph yphrd db o``rdyydy+ Pmfy moy o jo}fjtj yfwd cfjfp

he ? AB he òpo+

Oppoimjdkp Pmd Oppoimjdkp efdc` pv~d fy tyd` ph yphrd fjoady# y~rdo`ymddp efcdy# `hitjdkpy#

imorpy ok` hpmdr pv~dy he yt~~hrpd` efcdy ph pmd rdihr`y fk vhtr òpoboyd+

Ktjbdr Pv~dy fk Oiidyy

BvpdEhr fkpdadry pmop rokad erhj > ph 244+ Yphroad rdqtfrdjdkp fy o yfkacd bvpd+ FkpdadrEhr fkpdadry pmop rokad erhj *92#15= ph ,92#151+ Yphroad rdqtfrdjdkp fy ph

bvpdy+

Chka Fkpdadr

Ehr fkpdadry pmop rokad erhj *2#?01#0=9#50= ph ,2#?01#0=9#501+ Yphroadrdqtfrdjdkp fy ehtr bvpdy+

YfkacdEhr ktjdrfi echopfka ~hfkp uoctdy pmop rokad erhj *9+0 } ?>9= ph ,9+0 } ?>9= ok`t~ ph ydudk yfakfefiokp `fafpy+ Yphroad rdqtfrdjdkp fy ehtr bvpdy+

@htbcdEhr ktjdrfi echopfka ~hfkp uoctdy pmop rokad erhj *?+161 } ?>9>= ph ,?+161 }?>

9>=ok` t~ ph ?4 yfakfefiokp `fafpy+ Yphroad rdqtfrdjdkp fy dfamp bvpdy+

Rd~cfiopfhk F@Ehr yphrfka o achboccv tkfqtd f`dkpfefdr pmop fy rdqtfrd` ehr rd~cfiopfhk+Yphroad rdqtfrdjdkp fy ?5 bvpdy+ Khpd pmop rd~cfiopfhk fy khp yt~~hrpd` tyfka pmd +oii`b

efcd ehrjop+

@difjocEhr ktjdrfi uoctdy pmop rokad erhj *6+666+++ } ?>21 ph ,6+666+++ } ?>21+Yphroad rdqtfrdjdkp fy ?2 bvpdy+


6/36


Tyfka pmd _tdrv @dyfak Phhc fk Oiidyy

Pmd _tdrv @dyfak Phhc fy oiidyyd` erhj pmd

Irdopd rfbbhk fk Oiidyy 2>?>+

Icfil hk pmd _tdrv @dyfak btpphk ph bdafk irdopfka o kd qtdrv+ KHPD7 Pmd _tdrv Qfwor` phhc iok

bd mdc~etc ph yporp fpm# btp vht fcc kdd` ph dkpdr _tdrv @dyfak jh`d ph jh`fev vhtr qtdrfdy dudk fe

vht tyd pmfy phhc+

Pmd efryp ypd~ mdk irdopfka o qtdrv fy ph ydcdip hkd

hr jhrd pobcdy ph tyd oy pmd `opo yhtrid+ Icfil hk

pmd kojd he pmd pobcd ph mfamcfamp fp# pmdk icfilO`` ph o`` pmop pobcd ph vhtr qtdrv+

Qmdk efkfymd` o``fka pobcdy# icfil Ichyd+

\KHPD7 Vht iok rdptrk ph pmfy fpdj bv

icfilfka hk pmd Ymh Pobcd btpphk mfcd

d`fpfka vhtr _tdrv+Z


7/36


Hkid vhtud imhydk pobcdy ehr vhtr qtdrv# vht iok o`` efdc`y ph

`fy~cov bv imhhyfka pmdj erhj pmd `rh~*`hk bh} kdor pmd

bhpphj he pmd fk`h+

Fe vht ord tyfka jtcpf~cd pobcdy# efdc` kojdy fcc bd ~rdeoid` bv

pmd pobcd kojd# ehcchd` bv o ~drfh`+ Ehr d}oj~cd# pmd Pfpcd

efdc` he pmd Jhufdy pobcd fcc bd `dkhpd` bv Jhufdy+Pfpcd+

Pmd PobcdKojd+' fpdj -ehr d}oj~cd# Jhufdy+' fy o y~difoc fpdj

pmop rd~rdydkpy occ he pmd efdc`y hk pmop pobcd+ Pmfy fy tydetc fe vht

qtdrv ymhtc` rdptrk occ pmd ouofcobcd efdc`y/

Doim ihctjk fk pmd `dyfak ufd rd~rdydkpy o ihctjk pmop fcc bd tyd` mdk vhtr qtdrv fy rtk+ Fe pmd

Ymh imdilbh} fy imdild`# pmop ihctjk fcc `fy~cov fk pmd efkoc rdytcpy+ Fe pmd ihctjk fy tkimdild`# fp

fcc khp `fy~cov fk pmd qtdrv htp~tp+

Fk pmd Irfpdrfo ordo# dkpdr okv ydcdipfhk irfpdrfo pmop fcc cfjfp pmd ojhtkp he `opo pmop fy `fy~covd`+ Fe

kh irfpdrfo ord dkpdrd`# occ `opo erhj pmd pobcd-y& fcc bd `fy~covd`+

Pmd Irfpdrfo ordo rdqtfrdy pmd tyd he rdcopfhkoc h~drophry ph ~rh~drcv `defkd mop vhtrd chhlfka ehr

yhjd h~drophry ord7

: Dqtocy

; Ardopdr Pmok

3 Cdyy Pmok

;: Ardopdr Pmok hr Dqtoc Ph

3: Cdyy Pmok hr Dqtoc Ph

3; Khp Dqtoc Ph


8/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad = he 95

Bdyf`dy tyfka pmd yvjbhcy obhud# mdrd ord yhjd adkdroc rtcdy ehr pmd ihrrdip ehrjoppfka he vhtr Irfpdrfo

ypopdjdkpy7

Pmd rdcopfhkoc h~drophr yvjbhcy -cfld pmhyd obhud& ah BDEHRD vhtr irfpdrfhk+ -d}oj~cd7 ;4> hr:TYO&

Okv pd}p pmop vht` cfld ph jopim ymhtc` ah fk `htbcd *qthpdy -d}oj~cd7 TYO# RhbdrpRdèhr`

Ktjbdry ymhtc` KHP ah fkyf`d qthpdy+ Ihjjoy ok` itrrdkiv jorldry ytim oy pmd `hccor yfak-$& ymhtc` KHP bd tyd`+ -d}oj~cd7 ;4>>>> KHP ;$4>#>>> &

@opdy ymhtc` bd ehrjoppd` cfld pmfy7 )jj(``(vvvv) -d}oj~cd7 ) ?>(9?(2>??)&Ocyh# `hkp ehradp7

O``fka o``fpfhkoc fpdjy ph pmd Irfpdrfo rh fcc jold vhtr qtdrv jhrd y~difefipmop fy# fp fcckorrh vhtr rdytcpy+ -Pmfy fy ocyh ioccd` pmd Ok` rh+&

O``fka fpdjy ph pmd hr7 rh hr bdch fcc jold vhtr qtdrv jhrd adkdrocpmop fy# fp fcc pdk`ph efk` jhrd jopimdy# fkirdoyfka vhtr rdytcpy+

Rtkkfka Vhtr _tdrv

Hkid vhtud ydp t~ o qtdrv# vhtcc kdd` ph rtk fp fk hr`dr ph ydd pmd

rdytcpy+ Icfil hk pmd Rtk btpphk -o corad# rd` d}icojopfhk ~hfkp/& ph

ufd vhtr qtdrv rdytcpy+

Qmdk fk qtdrv ufd jh`d# vht jov rdptrk ph pmd qtdrv `dyfak jh`d bv

icfilfka hk pmd Ufd btpphk kdor pmd t~~dr cdep ihrkdr he pmd fk`h+

Youfka Vhtr _tdrv

_tdrfdy ord o ~hdretc òpoboyd phhc bdiotyd pmdv iok bd

youd` ok` yphrd` fk vhtr òpoboyd# ok` iok bd rd*rtk op okv

pfjd+ Qmdk qtdrfdy ord rtk# pmdv ocovy ihkpofk pmd jhyp

itrrdkp òpo ouofcobcd+ Youd o qtdrv bv icfilfka hk pmd youd

fihk kd}p ph pmd heefid btpphk fk pmd ph~ cdep ihrkdr he pmd

fk`h+ Imhhyd o kojd ok` icfil HL ph youd fp+


9/36


Rdcopfhkoc H~drophry fk Oiidyy 2>?>

H~drophr @dyirf~pfhk D}oj~cd Jopimdy @hdy KHP

Jopim

;?> Ardopdr pmok pdk ??# ?>+>>? 6+45# ?>

3?> Cdyy pmok pdk 6+66# = ?># ?9+04

;:?> Ardopdr pmok hr dqtoc phpdk

??# ?>+>>?# ?> 6+66# 0+45

3:?> Cdyy pmok hr dqtoc ph pdk ?># 6+66# 0+45 ?>+>?# ??

:?> Dqtocy pdk ?> 6+66# ??# ?>+>>?#

6

/:?> @hdy khp dqtoc pdk 6+66# ?0+4# ?>+>?# = ?>

3; ?> @hdy khp dqtoc pdk 6+66# ?0+4# ?>+>?# = ?>

:)9(26(2>??) @opd fy 9(26(2>?? 9(26(?? 9(26(2>?>#

9(9>(2>??

Bdpddk 9(?(2>?? ok`

9(26(2>??

@opd fy bdpddk 9(?(2>??

ok` 9(26(2>??

9(?(2>??# 9(4(2>??#

9(?0(2>??# 9?(6(2>??

2(2=(2>??#

9(9>(2>??

:Pd}p Pd}p efdc` fy Pd}p Pd}p# pd}p# PD]P Pd}# }p#Bhb

3;Pd}p Pd}p efdc` fy khp Pd}p Bhb# R2@2# Pd} Pd}p# pd}p#

PD]P

Fy Ktcc Efdc` fy dj~pv Dj~pv Efdc`y Efdc`y fpm okv

`opo

Fy Khp Ktcc Efdc` fy khp dj~pv Efdc`y fpm okv `opo Dj~pv efdc`y


10/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad ?> he 95

Ok`

Chafioc Ok` `dirdoydy pmd ojhtkp he rdytcpy bv cfjfpfka pmd irfpdrfo+ Ehr d}oj~cd o qtdrv ph rdptrk

Ihj~tpdr Yifdkid Joghry Ok` Dkacfym Joghry erhj o ypt`dkp òpoboyd rdptrky hkcv `htbcd joghry

fk Ihj~tpdr Yifdkid ok` Dkacfym# pmop fy# hkcv rdihr`y pmop jopim bhpmirfpdrfo+ Pmd jopimfka ordo

bdch fy ymhk fk òrldr bctd+ Fk Oiidyy# pmd Ok` ldvhr` iok bd tyd`# hr irfpdrfo iok bd o``d`

oirhyy ihctjky fk pmd _tdrv @dyfak Ufd+

Hr

Chafioc Hr fkirdoydy pmd ojhtkp he rdytcpy bv d}~ok`fka pmd irfpdrfo+ Ehr d}oj~cd o qtdrv ph rdptrk

Ihj~tpdr Yifdkid Joghry Hr Dkacfym Joghry erhj o ypt`dkp òpoboyd rdptrky occ Ihj~tpdr Yifdkid

joghry# occ Dkacfym Joghry# ok` occ `htbcd joghry fk Ihj~tpdr Yifdkid ok` Dkacfym+ Pmd jopimfka ordo

bdch fy ymhk fk òrl bctd# ok` fkict`dy occ ~orpy he bhpm ifricdy+ Fk Oiidyy# pmd Hr ldvhr` iok bd

tyd`# hr irfpdrfo iok bd o``d` ph pmd hr7 rhy+

Ihj~tpdrYifdkidJoghry

DkacfymJoghry

Ihj~tpdrYifdkidJoghry

Dkacfym

Joghry

Jopim


11/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad ?? he 95

Iocitcopd` Efdc`y

O òpoboyd hepdk ihkpofky fkehrjopfhk pmop iok bd iocitcopd` erhj hkd hr jhrd d}fypfka efdc`y+ Ehr

d}oj~cd# fe o òpoboyd ehr ityphjdr hr`dry fkict`dy o ^rfid^drTkfpefdc`# ok` ok Tkfpy^trimoydèfdc`# fpy

doyv ph iocitcopd phpoc ~rfidgtyp jtcpf~cv ^rfid^drTkfpbv Tkfpy^trimoyd`+ Yfkid pmd opo yphrd` fk pmd

òpoboyd occhy ty ph doyfcv iocitcopd pmd phpoc ~rfid# fp htc` bd rd`tkòkp -ok` o ~hpdkpfoc yhtrid he

drrhry& ph moud okhpmdr efdc` gtyp ph mhc` pmd phpoc ~rfid+

Btp yfkid pmd Phpoc^rfid fy o udrv tydetc bfp he fkehrjopfhk# Oiidyy occhy ty ph irdopd o Iocitcopd` Efdc`

fk o qtdrv+ O iocitcopd` efdc` `hdy iocitcopfhky hk d}fypfka efdc`y# ok` ymhy t~ oy o ihctjk fk o qtdrv

gtyp cfld o rdatcor òpo efdc`+ Pmd hkcv `feedrdkid fy pmop pmd uoctd fk pmd iocitcopd` efdc` fy khp yphrd` fk

pmd òpoboyd# fp fy iocitcopd` dudrv pfjd pmd qtdrv fy rtk+ Pmfy fy kfid bdmoufhr bdiotyd fe dudr okv he

pmd uoctdy fk o efdc` imokad -ehr d}oj~cd# pmd ^rfid^drTkfpahdy t~ pmd iocitcopd` efdc` fcc

otphjopfioccv t~òpd oy dcc+

@defkfka o Iocitcopd` Efdc`

Ph `defkd o iocitcopd` efdc`# fk pmd Efdc` rh he o ihctjk fk _tdrv @dyfak jh`d# vht dkpdr pmd

ehcchfka fkehrjopfhk7

Kojd he pmd Efdc` 7 \Efdc`Kojd?Z

-fk yqtord broildpy&

Orfpmjdpfi H~drophr

-cfld ,# *# '# ( & hrIhkiopdkopfhk h~drophr

-%& ehr jdrafka pd}p

\Efdc`Kojd2Z

-fk yqtord broildpy&

Ehr d}oj~cd# ph jold pmd PhpocYocdy efdc`# d htc` dkpdr7

PhpocYocdy7 \^rfid^drTkfpZ ' \Tkfpy^trimoyd`Z

Pmfy fy pdccfka Oiidyy ph jold o ihctjk fk htr qtdrv ioccd` PhpocYocdy pmop fcc bd dqtoc ph ^rfid^drTkfp

pfjdy Tkfpy^trimoyd`+ Oiidyy fcc otphjopfioccv iocitcopd pmfy uoctd ehr dudrv rh fk htr qtdrv+


12/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad ?2 he 95

Jold ytrd doim efdc` kojd fy ytrrhtk`d` bv yqtord broildpy# ok` ocyh ~ov oppdkpfhk ph y~dccfkapmd

efdc` kojdy jtyp jopim d}oipcv+ Fe vht adp drrhry hr o ~h~*t~ fk`h oylfka ehr o ôrojdpdr# vht

moud jhyp cfldcv y~dccd` o efdc` kojd fkihrrdipcv# hr ehrahppdk pmd yqtord broildpy+

Pd}p Efdc`y ok` Ihkiopdkopfhk

Bdyf`dy bdfka obcd ph tyd orfpmjdpfi h~drophry hk ktjdrfi òpo pv~dy# vht iok tyd pmd oj~dryok`

imoroipdr -%& ph ihkiopdkopd pd}p òpo pv~dy phadpmdr+ Ihkiopdkopfhk jdoky jdrafka pd}p phadpmdr#

dk` ph dk`+ Ehr d}oj~cd# fk o rdihr` fpm o EfrypKojd uoctd he Mhjdr# ok` o CoypKojd uoctd he

Yfj~yhk pmd ehcchfka7

Etcckojd7 \EfrypKojdZ % " " % \CoypKojdZ

Qfcc htp~tp7 Mhjdr Yfj~yhk pmd % h~drophr poldy occ he pmd pd}p ok` ihkiopdkopdy fp phadpmdr+

Pmfy h~drophr fy tydetc ph ehrjop ihctjky ph `fy~cov pd}p efdc`y fk o idrpofk ovehr d}oj~cd# fk o``rdyy

efdc`y hr kojd efdc`y+

Ehrjoppfka o Iocitcopd` Ihctjk

Oiidyy fy adkdroccv ~rdppv ahh` oy atdyyfka pmd ihrrdip ehrjop ehr o iocitcopd` ihctjk boyd` hk pmd òpopv~dy he pmd efdc`y tyd` fk pmd iocitcopfhk+ Yhjdpfjdy vht `h okp ph imokad mh o ihctjk fy

ehrjoppd` pmhtamph ehrid fp ph o~~dor oy itrrdkiv# hr fpm o idrpofk ktjbdr he `difjoc ~coidy+

Fk _tdrv @dyfak ufd# rfamp*icfilhk okv ihctjk ok` imhhyd ^rh~drpfdy ph `fy~cov pmd ^rh~drpv Ymddp

ehr pmop ihctjkfp fcc o~~dor oy o ~okd hk pmd rfamp yf`d he pmd _tdrv


13/36


@dyfak fk`h+ Ocpdrkopdcv# vht iok icfil hkid o ihctjk ph ydcdip fp# ok` pmdk icfil hk ^rh~drpv Ymddp

fk pmd _tdrv @dyfak rfbbhk ph `fy~cov pmd ^rh~drpv Ymddp+

Fk pmd ^rh~drpv Ymddp# imhhyd pmd Ehrjop vht htc` cfld ehr pmd ihctjk+ Yhjd h~pfhky ord7

Itrrdkiv -cfld $02+41& Ef}d` -o ef}d` ktjbdr he `difjoc ~coidy# cfld 02+41& ^dridkp -cfld 02+41& Ymhrp @opd -cfld ?>(9?(2>??& Chka @opd -cfld Jhk`ov# Hiphbdr 9?# 2>??

Imhhyfka ok h~pfhk fk pmd Ehrjop rh fcc ehrid pmop ihctjk ph o~~dor fk pmop ehrjop+ Pmfy pdimkfqtd

iok bd tyd` ehr occ ihctjky fk vhtr qtdrv+


14/36


@opd Etkipfhky fk Oiidyy

Yfkid jokv òpoboydy fkict`d òpd hr pfjd efdc`y# Oiidyy ~rhuf`dy o chp he ovy ph hrl fpm òpd(pfjd

uoctdy+ Gtyp cfld fk D}idc# vht iok o`` hr ytbproip òpd uoctdy fk hr`dr ph efk` o feedrdkid fk òvy# ehr

d}oj~cd#

\Rdyfakopfhk@opdZ * \Mfrd@opdZ

Qfcc afud vht pmd `feedrdkid bdpddk pmd ph òpdy fk òvy+

Pmdrd fy ocyh ok Oiidyy etkipfhk pmop afud vht phòvy òpdpmd @opd-& etkipfhk+ Yh pmd ehcchfka7

@opd-& * \Mfrd@opdZ

Qfcc afud vht pmd ktjbdr he òvy pmop moud ~oyyd` yfkid pmd Mfrd@opd+

Bdch fy o cfyp he tydetc òpd etkipfhky7

Etkipfhk @dyirf~pfhk

@opd-& Afudy phòv!y òpd+

Kh-& Rdptrky pmd itrrdkp òpd ok` pfjd+

Pfjd-& Rdptrky pmd itrrdkp pfjd+

@ov-\òpdefdc`Z& Rdptrky pmd òv he pmd jhkpm -? ++ 9?& he \òpdefdc`Z+

Ehrjop-\òpdefdc`Z# 3ehrjop;& Rdptrky \òpdefdc`Z oy o yprfka he pd}p fk pmd ehrjop

y~difefd`+ -Ydd bdch ehr d}oj~cdy+&

Mhtr-\pfjdefdc`Z& Rdptrky pmd mhtr he \pfjdefdc`Z oy o ktjbdr erhj > ph 29+

Khpd pmop jf`kfamp fy >>7>> ok` pmop jdoky pmop jf`kfamp

"phkfamp" fy oiptoccv phjhrrh+

Jfktpd-\pfjdefdc`Z& Rdptrky pmd jfktpd he \pfjdefdc`Z oy o ktjbdr erhj > ph 46+

Jhkpm-\òpdefdc`Z& Rdptrky pmd jhkpm ktjbdr he \òpdefdc`Z+

Ydihk`-\pfjdefdc`Z& Rdptrky pmd ydihk`y ihj~hkdkp he \pfjdefdc`Z oy o ktjbdr

erhj > ph 46+

Vdor-\òpdefdc`Z& Rdptrky pmd vdor ktjbdr he \òpdefdc`Z+

Qddl@ov-\òpdefdc`Z& Afudy pmd òv he pmd ddl oy o ktjbdr erhj ? ph 1+


15/36


Tyfka Ehrjop-& ph `fy~cov òpdy

Jhyp he pmd pfjd# vht!cc okp ph `fy~cov òpdy fk o y~difefi ehrjop fpmhtp yphrfka pmop ehrjop oy

~orp he pmd òpd+ Pmd Ehrjop-& etkipfhk occhy vht ph `fy~cov okv fk`fuf`toc òpd ihj~hkdkp

fpmhtp oeedipfka pmd yphrd` òpd uoctd+ Ph `fy~cov o yfkacd ihj~hkdkp# tyd pmd o~~rh~rfopd

ehrjop ih`d+ Ehr fkypokid# pmd ehcchfka d}~rdyyfhk htc` rdptrk hkcv pmd òv he pmd jhkpm oyo ktjbdr -? pmrhtam 9?&7

Ehrjop-\òpdefdc`Z# "`"&

Fe vht okp o cdo`fka wdrh# tyd ``fkypdo` he`+ Pmd pobcd bdch ihkpofky jhrd fk`fuf`toc

ihj~hkdkp ehrjopy+

` Rdptrky pmd òv he pmd jhkpm oy o ktjbdr# fpm kh cdo`fka wdrh7 ?# 2# 9#

ok` yh hk+

`` Rdptrky pmd òv he pmd jhkpm oy o ktjbdr# fpm o cdo`fka wdrh7 >?# >2# >9ok` yh hk+

``` Rdptrky pmd òv he pmd ddl oy o pmrdd*cdppdr obbrdufopfhk7 Jhk# Ptdy#

Qd`# ok` yh hk+

```` Rdptrky pmd etcc kojd he pmd òv he pmd ddl7 Jhkòv# Ptdyòv#

Qd`kdyòv# ok` yh hk+

j Rdptrky pmd jhkpm oy o ktjbdr# ? pmrhtam ?2+

jjj Rdptrky pmd jhkpm oy o pmrdd*cdppdr obbrdufopfhk7 Gok# Edb# ok` yh hk+

jjjj Rdptrky pmd etcc jhkpm kojd7 Goktorv# Edbrtorv# ok` yh hk+

vv Rdptrky pmd coyp ph `fafpy he pmd vdor7 >5# >1# ok` yh hk+

vvvv Rdptrky o ehtr*`fafp vdor7 2>>5# 2>>1# ok` yh hk+

Qmdk tyfka Ehrjop- rdjdjbdr pmop pmd rdytcpfka uoctd fy o yprfkao òpo pv~d ehr pd}p+ Vht!cc

tyd Ehrjop-& ph `fy~cov òpdy# btp `hk!p tyd fp mdk vht jtyp tyd pmd rdytcpy fk jopmdjopfioc

dqtopfhky# ehr d}oj~cd# mdk ihj~orfka opdyfe vht okp ph ihj~ord òpdy# tyd Vdor-

Jhkpm-& hr @ov-& fkypdo`/


16/36


Cfld ok` Qfcìor`y

O fcìor` fy o y~difoc yvjbhc pmop poldy pmd ~coid he o tklkhk imoroipdr hr ydp he imoroipdryfp fy

tyd` fk irfpdrfo fk hr`dr ph jopim ydudroc fpdjy+

Fk Oiidyy qtdrfdy# fcìor`y ord tyd` fpm pmd y~difoc h~drophr Cfld# mfim fk`fiopdy pmop fkypdo` he ok

d}oipjopim# vhtrd chhlfka ph jopim fpdjy pmop efp o idrpofk ~oppdrk+ Pmd ~oppdrk fy ypopd` bv tyfkafcìor`y+ Cfld ypopdjdkpy ocovy pold pmd ehrj7

Cfld 33irfpdrfo fpm fcìor`y;;

Qmdrd pmd irfpdrfo fpm fcìor`y ord dkichyd` fk `htbcd*qthpdy+

Qfcìor`y7

Qfcìor`y tyd` fk Oiidyy fkict`d7

' -pmd oypdrfyl&7 jopimdy okv ktjbdr he imoroipdry -fkict`fka wdrh imoroipdry/&

8 -pmd qtdypfhk jorl&7 jopimdy d}oipcv hkd imoroipdr

\o*cZ 7 jopimdy okv cdppdr erhj o ph c+ -Fk Oiidyy# pmfy fy KHP ioyd*ydkyfpfud+&

\o#`#cZ 7 jopimdy pmd cdppdr o# pmd cdppdr `# hr pmd cdppdr c+ -Fk Oiidyy# pmfy fy KHP ioyd*ydkyfpfud&

D}oj~cdy7

Irfpdrfo Ypopdjdkp Jopimdy

Cfld Okvpmfka

Cfld B Okvpmfka pmop bdafky fpm B# d+a+ Bhb#Bfcc# B# Brdoleoyp

Cfld rd` Okvpmfka pmop dk`y fpm rd`# d+a+ pfrd`#

Erd`# rd`# Qfkkferd`

Cfld ?(?( -ehr o òpd efdc`& @opdy hk Goktorv ?yp he okv vdor

Cfld I88 Okv pmrdd cdppdr hr` yporpfka fpm i#

d+a+ iop# ior# ihp+ Doim jopim JTYP

moud pmrdd cdppdry+

Cfld 'o*i, Okvpmfka pmop bdafky fpm O# B# hr I# d+a+

Oirhbop# Bhppcd# ImokpCfld '`#c, Okvpmfka pmop bdafky fpm @ hr C# d+a+

@hktp# Cold# @fyihtkp


17/36



18/36


19/36


jdoky pmop yojd ifpv ok` ypopd

ihjbfkopfhk o~~dory jokv pfjdy+


20/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ^oad 2> he 95

Ph irdopd o Phpocy _tdrv7

?+ Efryp# irdopd o qtdrv ihkpofkfka vhtr `dyfrd` efdc`y oy vht khrjoccv htc`+2+ Kd}p# hk pmd _tdrv @dyfak Rfbbhk# fk pmd Ymh(Mf`d arht~# icfil Phpocy+Pmfy fy o phaacd hk hr

hee+

O kd Phpoc rh o~~dory bdch pmd Pobcd rh fk vhtr `opoymddp+ Vhtcc ydd pmop pmd `deotcp

ydppfka ehr doim efdc` fk pmd qtdrv fk pmd phpocy rh fy Arht~ Bv

9+ Fk pmd Phpoc rh# icfil pmd efdc` pmop vht okp ph ihtkp t~# ok` pmdk ydcdip Ihtkp erhj pmd cfyp+

Qmop pmfy qtdrv `dyfak jdoky fy pmop ehr dudrv ihjbfkopfhk he tkfqtd uoctdy fk pmd Ifpv ok`

Ypopd efdc`# pmd ktjbdr he jopimfka rdihr`y fcc bd ihtkpd` t~ ok` `fy~covd`+

0+ Icfil pmd Rtk fihk ph ydd pmd rdytcpy he pmd qtdrv7

Oy vht ydd# doim Ifpv(Ypopd ihjbfkopfhk o~~dory hk hkd cfkd he pmd rdytcpy# ok` pmd pmfr`

ihctjk `fy~covy pmd ktjbdr he rdihr`y pmop moud pmop ihjbfkopfhk fk pmd Ifpv ok` Ypopd efdc`y+Erhj pmdyd rdytcpy# d iok ydd pmop 2? rdihr`y jopim Rfudr Ehrdyp# FC+

O``fpfhkoc Iocitcopfhky

Fk o``fpfhk ph ihtkpfka o ktjbdr he rdihr`y# hpmdr h~pfhky fk phpocy qtdrfdy iok bd ydcdipd`7

Ihtkp# ehr ihtkpfka pmd ktjbdr he rdihr`y fk o iopdahrv Ytj# ehr ytjjfka o ihctjk he ktjbdry+


21/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ^oad 2? he 95

Oudroad# ehr oudroafka o ihctjk he ktjbdry+ Jo}fjtj# ehr efk`fka pmd mfamdyp uoctd fk o efdc`+ Jfkfjtj# ehr efk`fka pmd chdyp uoctd fk o efdc`+ Ypok`or` @dufopfhk # ehr jdoytrfka mh f`dcv uoctdy ord `fy~dryd` erhj ok oudroad

uoctd -o jdok&+

Uorfokid# ehr jdoytrfka pmd ypopfypfioc uorfokid he occ uoctdy fk pmd ihctjk+Ehr d}oj~cd# fk pmfy qtdrv# d ord arht~fka bv pmd Ifpv(Ypopd oaofk# btp moud ydcdipd` pmd

MhtrcvQoad fk pmd pmfr` ihctjk# ok` moud imhydk Oua+

Pmfy qtdrv fcc ymh pmd Oudroad MhtrcvQoad ehr doim Ifpv(Ypopd

~ofr+

O``fka O``fpfhkoc Irfpdrfo ph o Phpocy _tdrvFk hr`dr ph o`` irfpdrfo ph o phpocy qtdrv# ehr d}oj~cd# ph cfjfp htr rdytcpy ph gtyp dj~chvddy fk Jfimfaok#

d o`` o ihctjk ihkpofkfka pmd efdc`-y& d` cfld ph o~~cv htr irfpdrfo ph#ok` imhhyd Qmdrd fk pmd

Phpocy rh+

Fk pmd d}oj~cd bdch# pmdrd fy o ehtrpm ihctjk# pmd Ypopd efdc`# ok` Qmdrd moy bddk imhydk fk pmd

Phpoc rh+ Pmd irfpdrfhk JF moy bddk dkpdrd` fk pmd Irfpdrfo rh# ok` pmd Ymh bh} fk TKIMDILD@+

Fk eoip# fe vht ydcdip Qmdrd fk pmd Phpoc rh# pmd ymh bh} jtyp bd tkimdild`hr vhtcc adp ok drrhr

jdyyoad mdk prvfka ph rtk pmd qtdrv+


22/36


Pmd rdytcpy he htr kd qtdrv ymh pmd Oudroad he pmd MhtrcvQoad efdc`y ehr doim Ifpv(Ypopd ~ofr# btp

hkcv ehr pmhyd rdihr`y mdrd pmd Ypopd efdc` jopimdy JF+


23/36


ôrojdpdr _tdrfdyO ~orojdpdr fk Oiidyy fy o uoctd -d+a+ o ktjbdr# o òpd# hr o pd}p yprfka& pmop fy ~rhuf`d` bv pmd tydr#

ok` mfim iok pmdk bd tyd` fk pmd irfpdrfo ordo he o qtdrv+

Qmdk vht rtk o qtdrv ihkpofkfka ~orojdpdry# vht fcc ydd o bh} cobdcd`

Dkpdr ôrojdpdr Uoctd ~h~ t~+ Fk pmfy bh}# vht iok pv~d o ktjbdr# opd#

hr pd}p yprfka# ok` pmdk icfil HL fk hr`dr ph rtk o qtdrv boyd` hk pmd uoctdy

vht ~rhuf`d+

Fk pmd d}oj~cd ~fiptrd ph pmd rfamp# pmd qtdrv fy oylfka ehr o vdor+ Fe vht dkpdr 2>??# pmd qtdrv fcc

pmdk rtk# tyfka 2>?? oy pmd uoctd ehr pmd vdor+ DOIM PFJD o ~orojdpdr qtdrv fy rtk# fp fcc ~rhj~p ehr

fkehrjopfhk# jdokfka pmop pmd rdytcpy he o ~orojdpdr qtdrv fcc `d~dk` hk mop fy dkpdrd` fk pmd bh}+

Pmfy bdmoufhr fy udrv tydetc ehr irdopfka adkdroc tyd qtdrfdy pmop ord udrv ecd}fbcdfkypdo` he rfpfka 4>

yd~oropd qtdrfdy ph cfyp ~dh~cd bv ypopd# vht iok rfpd hkd ~orojdpdr qtdrv ph oyl ehr o ypopd ph chhl ehr#

youfka vhtrydce o chp he hrl/


24/36


Irdopfka o ^orojdpdr _tdrv

^orojdpdr qtdrfdy ord irdopd` gtyp cfld rdatcor qtdrfdy ufo pmd _tdrv @dyfak phhc+ Vht o`` vhtr

ihctjky oy tytoc+ Fk pmd yoj~cd bdch# 0 ihctjky moud bddk o``d` ph o qtdrv+

Fk pmd Irfpdrfo rh# vht ydd pmd pd}p7

;\Dkpdr Ktjbdr he MhtryZ

Bv ~tppfka \Dkpdr Ktjbdr he MhtryZ fk yqtord broildpy# d ord cdppfka Oiidyy lkh ph ~rhj~p pmd tydr

ehr pmd fkehrjopfhk pmop fcc ah fk pmop y~oid+ Pmd ardopdr pmok yvjbhc bdehrd pmd efryp yqtord broildp

fk`fiopdy pmop# ehr mopdudr uoctd F pv~d fk pmd ~rhj~p# F okp pmd QddlcvMhtry efdc` ph ymh jd occ

uoctdy pmop ord ardopdr pmok pmop uoctd+ Fe F pv~d 9># jv qtdrv fcc jopim occ rdihr`y mdrd pmd

QddlcvMhtry efdc` fy ardopdr pmok 9>+


25/36


Mh `h F lkh mop ph pv~d fk pmd yqtord broildpy8

Pmdrd fy hkcv hkd rtcd ph mop vht ymhtc` dkpdr bdpddk yqtord broildpyvht JOV KHP tyd ok

d}fypfka efdc` kojd+ Pmfy fy bdiotyd Oiidyy tydy yqtord broildpy ph `dkhpd efdc` kojdy oy dcc oy

~orojdpdry+ Fe vht tyd ok d}fypfka efdc` kojd# Oiidyy fcc oyytjd pmop vht jdok pmd efdc` ok` fcc khp

~rhj~p vht ehr pmd ~orojdpdr+

Bdyf`dy khp tyfka ok d}fypfka efdc` kojd# vht iok tyd mopdudr vht` cfldo ahh` imhfid fy ocovy

yhjdpmfka ~mroyd` oy o qtdypfhk# yfkid Oiidyy fcc `fy~cov pmop fk pmd `focha bh} mdk oylfka ehr o

rdy~hkyd+

\Qmfim Vdor8Z \Qmop fy pmd jo}fjtj ihyp8Z \Qmop fy pmd Yporp @opd8Z

Rdjdjbdr mh Oiidyy ~rhj~py vht ph dkpdr fkehrjopfhk fe vht jfyy~dcc o efdc` kojd fk yqtord

broildpy8 Kh vht lkh mv fp hdy pmopfe fpy fk yqtord broildpy# ok` fp fykp o efdc` kojd# fpy o

~orojdpdr# ok` Oiidyy fcc oyl vht ehr o uoctd/


26/36


T~òpd _tdrfdy

_tdrfdy pmop occh ty ph `fy~cov fkehrjopfhk ord ioccd` Ydcdip qtdrfdybdiotyd pmdv occh ty ph ydcdip

mfim rdihr`y ph `fy~cov+ Ydcdip qtdrfdy `h khp jh`fev pmd tk`drcvfka òpo op occ+ Pmdrd ord hpmdr pv~dy

he qtdrfdy# mhdudr# pmop iok bd tyd` ph imokad òpo fk uorfhty ovypmdyd ord# oy o arht~# ioccd`

Oipfhk _tdrfdy+

Hkd pv~d he oipfhk qtdrv fy ok T~òpd qtdrvok t~òpd qtdrv t~òpdy òpo fk hkd hr jhrd efdc`y bv

tyfka o ehrjtco+ Gtyp cfld ydcdip qtdrfdy# t~òpd qtdrfdy iok fkict`d irfpdrfo pmop cfjfp jopimfka rdihr`y+

Irdopfka ok T~òpd _tdrv

Irdopd o kd qtdrv ok` ydcdip pmd pobcd-y& pmop vhtr qtdrv ymhtc` tyd oy o òpo yhtrid fk pmd yojd ov

vht irdopd o ydcdip qtdrv+

Fk pmd _tdrv Pv~d arht~ hk pmd _tdrv @dyfak pob# icfil hk pmd T~òpd btpphk ph fk`fiopd

pmop pmfy qtdrv ymhtc` bd ok T~òpd qtdrv+

Qmdk vht ydcdip T~òpd# o kd rh ioccd` T~òpd ph7 fcco~~dor fk pmd qtdrv `dyfakdr+ Tyd pmfy rh ph fk fiopd mh o afudk

efdc` fcc imokad mdk pmd qtdrv fy rtk+

Fk pmd d}oj~cd ph pmd cdep# pmd MhtrcvQoad efdc` moy bddk ydcdipd`+

Fk pmd t~òpd ph7 rh# dkpdr o ehrjtco ph iocitcopd pmd kd uoctd+

Tyd \yqtord broildpyZ ph ytrrhtk` efdc` kojdy# gtyp cfld vht` tyd fk

iocitcopd` ihctjky# d+a+ \MhtrcvQoadZ ' ?+>4+ Pmfy ehrjtco fk`fiopdy pmop ehr doim jopimfka rdihr`# pmd

MhtrcvQoad efdc` ymhtc` bd jtcpf~cfd` bv ?+>4 -o 4 fkirdoyd&+

KHPD7Pmd ehrjtco fk pmd t~òpd ph7 rh fcc ocjhyp ocovy fkict`d o rdedrdkid ph hkd hr jhrd efdc`y/

Ok`# tytoccv# fp fcc ihkpofk o rdedrdkid pmd efdc` kojd ehr pmop ihctjk+

Khpfid fk pmd d}oj~cd obhud pmop pmd T~òpd ph7 rh fk pmd MhtrcvQoad ihctjk ihkpofky

\MhtrcvQoadZ ' ?+>4+ Pmfy fy# dyydkpfoccv# yovfka7 T~òpd pmd itrrdkp MhtrcvQoad efdc`# ok` jold fp

dqtoc ph pmd itrrdkp MhtrcvQoad ' ?+>4+

Fe vhtr t~òpd ehrjtco moy hkcv ktjbdry ok` kh efdc`y# pmdk vht fcc cfldcv bd rdydppfka DUDRV uoctd fk

vhtr òpoboyd ph pmd yojd pmfka/

O``fka Irfpdrfo

Vht iok o`` o``fpfhkoc ihctjky fk ok t~òpd

qtdrv ehr irfpdrfooy chka oy pmd T~òpd

Ph7 rh fy bcokl# pmop efdc` fcc khp bd

imokad`+ Fk pmd d}oj~cd ph pmd rfamp# htr

t~òpd qtdrv fcc hkcv imokad rdihr`y mdrd

Ypopd fy FC+


27/36


Rtkkfka ok T~òpd _tdrv

Vht iok rtk ok t~òpd qtdrv bv tyfka pmd rtk btpphk# gtyp cfld o ydcdip qtdrv+ Mhdudr# yfkid ok t~òpd

qtdrv imokady òpo# pmdrd ord yhjd yoedator`y fk ~coid+ Qmdk vht rtk ok t~òpd qtdrv# vht fcc ydd o

ihkefrjopfhk `focha7

Icfilfka Vdy fcc t~òpd vhtr òpoboyd ~drjokdkpcv# fpm kh imokid ph tk`h pmd imokady+ Icfilfka

Kh fcc `h khpmfka+ Khpfid pmop vht ord phc` mh jokv jopimfka rdihr`y fcc bd imokad`~ov

oppdkpfhk ph pmfy ktjbdrfe fp yddjy phh mfam hr phh ch# icfil kh ok` rdimdil vhtr qtdrv ok` irfpdrfo+

Oepdr vht icfil vdy hk pmfy `focha# ok t~òpd qtdrv rtky# ok` vht fcc khp ydd okv etrpmdr ihkefrjopfhk

pmd òpo fk pmd òpoboyd fcc moud imokad`# mhdudr+ Hkd ov ph imdil fe vhtr t~òpd qtdrv moy

hrld` fy ph chhl op pmd òpoboyd bdehrd ok` oepdr ph jold ytrd+

Jv T~òpd _tdrv `hdykp qhrl/

Yfkid ok t~òpd qtdrv imokady vhtr òpo frrdudryfbcv# Oiidyy prfdy ph ~rdudkp vht erhj oiif`dkpoccv

rtkkfka pmdj+ Pmd efryp `dedkyd oaofkyp oiif`dkpoccv t~òpfka

vhtr òpo mdk vht `hkp okp ph fy pmd pmd ihkefrjopfhk

`focha+ Pmd Yditrfpv Qorkfka mdk vht efryp h~dk o opoboyd

ocyh ~rdudkpy vht erhj rtkkfka t~òpd qtdrfdy+

Fe vhtr t~òpd qtdrv `hdykp yddj ph `h okvpmfka# chhl fk pmd

chdr*cdep ihrkdr he pmd Oiidyy fk`h ehr o jdyyoad pmop yovy

Pmd oipfhk hr dudkp moy bddk bchild` bv @fyobcd` Jh`d+

Pmfy jdoky pmop vht moudkp dkobcd` òkadrhty ihkpdkp+

Qmdk vht efryp h~dk o òpoboyd# vht ydd o Yditrfpv Qorkfka

Icfil hk Dkobcd Ihkpdkp fk hr`dr ph occh vhtr T~òpd qtdrv ph hrl+

Fe vhtr t~òpd qtdrv fykp rtkkfka ok` vht `hkp ydd pmd Yditrfpv Qorkfka bor# youd vhtr hrl# pmdk

ichyd ok` rdh~dk pmd òpoboyd# pmfy pfjd jolfka ytrd ph icfil Dkobcd Ihkpdkp erhj pmd orkfka bor+


28/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad 2= he 95

Irdopfka o Rd~hrp fk OiidyyEhr pmfy d}drifyd# vhtcc irdopd o rd~hrp pmop chhly cfld pmd d}oj~cd ymhk ph vht+

Arht~fka7 Pmd rdihr`y ymhk fk pmd rd~hrp ymhtc` bd hr`drd` ok` arht~d` oiihr`fka ph pmd Ypopd ok`

pmdk pmd Ifpvefdc`y+

Fk o``fpfhk ph Ifpvok` Ypopd # pmd ihctjky jtyp bd fk pmd ehcchfka hr`dr7

CoypKojd -cobdc pmfy Coyp Kojd fkict`fka pmd y~oid& EfrypKojd-Efryp Kojd& MhtrcvQoad -Qoad ^dr Mhtr& Oad Qmdk Mfrd`-fk vdory** pmfy fy iocitcopd` boyd` hk pmd Bfrpmòv efdc` ok` pmd Mfrd@opd

efdc`&

Hpmdr Rd~hrp edoptrdy7

Yhrpfka7 Fk doim Ifpv arht~# dj~chvddy ymhtc` bd yhrpd` erhj hc`dyp mdk mfrd` ph vhtkadypmdk mfrd`+

Ehrjoppfka7 MhtrcvQoady bdpddk $?> ok` $?4 ymhtc` bd `fy~covd` fpm o rd` ehkp#tk`drcfkd`+

Phpocy7 MhtrcvQoady ymhtc` bd phpocd` bv ifpv# ok` ocyh ymh o arok` phpoc+ Pmd oudroad oad heocc dj~chvddy ymhtc` bd `fy~covd` op pmd bhpphj he pmd rd~hrp+ Pmd ifpv oad phpocy ymhtc` bd

cobdcd` Phpoc Qoady Ifpv Kojd ehr doim ifpv+

Pmd rd~hrp ymhtc` moud o ~oad ktjbdr fk pmd ehrj ôad } he v op pmd ph~ rfamp he doim ~oad#ok` ymh vhtr kojd ok` pmd rd~hrp pfpcd fk pmd ph~ cdep he doim ~oad+

Pmd rd~hrp ymhtc` ymh pmd òpd op pmd ph~ rfamp he pmd rd~hrp+

Irdopfka pmd Rd~hrp7

?+ Qmdkdudr vht okp ph irdopd o rd~hrp# pmd efryp ypd~ fy ph irdopd o qtdrv pmop `fy~covy pmd òpovht` cfld ph fkict`d fk vhtr rd~hrp+ Irdopd o qtdrv pmop fkict`dy occ he pmd ihctjky erhj pmd

Dj~chvddy pobcd jdkpfhkd` obhud+ MFKP7 Vht fcc moud ph irdopd o iocitcopd` ihctjk ph

`fy~cov pmd Oad mdk mfrd`/ Youd vhtr qtdrv ok` iocc fp _tdrvEhrPmdRd~hrp+

2+ Kh# rtk pmd _tdrv pmop vht moud gtyp irdopd`# ok`# mfcd vht ord ufdfka pmdrdytcpy# icfil hk pmd Irdopd pob# ok` icfil hk pmd Rd~hrp btpphk+

9+ Pmfy brfkay t~ pmd Covhtp Ufd he pmd rd~hrp irdopfhk phhcy+ Oy vhtcc ydd# vhtrfkfpfoc rd~hrp fcc fkict`d pmd kojd he vhtr qtdrv oy o pfpcd# ok` fcc ymh occ he pmd ihctjky erhj

vhtr qtdrv+


29/36


0+ Pmd `hppd` cfkdy fk Covhtp Ufd rd~rdydkp pmd ~oad jorafkyvht iok ydd pmop yhjd he pmdihctjky ord y~fccfka hudr pmd rfamp jorafk he pmd ~oad+ Rdyfwd pmd Ifpv# CoypKojd# ok`

EfrypKojd ihctjky bv icfilfka hk pmd ihctjk mdo`fka# pmdk icfilfka ok` `roaafka rfamp*dàd he

pmd ihctjk ph jold fp ylfkkfdr+ @h pmfy tkpfc occ he vhtr ihctjky efp hk hkd ~oad+

4+ @htbcd*icfil hk pmd rd~hrp pfpcd ph d`fp fpimokad fp ph Vhtr Kojd Efryp Rd~hrp+ Tyd pmd Ehkpphhcy hk pmd Ehrjop pob ph bhcèoid pmd pfpcd# ok` fkirdoyd pmd ehkp yfwd ph 20~p+

5+ D`fp pmd ihctjk mdo`fka pfpcdy bv `htbcd*icfilfka hk pmdj ph jopim pmd pfpcdy afudk fk pmdfkyprtipfhky obhud+

1+ Kh fy o ahh` pfjd ph youd vhtr rd~hrptyd Iprc*Y# hr icfil hk pmd Youd btpphk ph youd vhtrrd~hrp+ Iocc fp VhtrKojd*EfrypRd~hrp+

=+ Vht jfamp ydd pmop pmd Oad Qmdk Mfrd` ihctjk ihkyfypy he )y+ Gtypcfld fk D}idc# o rh he )y fk`fiopdy pmop pmdrd ord phh jokv `fafpy ph

`fy~cov fk pmd y~oid afudk+ Fe pmd Oad ihctjk moy `fafpy fk fp# vhtcc

ydd pmop fp cfypy pmd oad `hk ph ?2 `difjoc ~coid oiitroiv+ Yfkid vht

`hkp okp ph ymh pmd oad fpm yh jokv `difjoc ~coidy# o`gtyp ph

ehrjoppfka he pmfy ihctjk bv icfilfka fk pmd Oad ihctjk ph ydcdip fp# ok`

imhhyfka Ef}d` erhj pmd Ehrjoppfka ordo+ Tyd pmd `difjoc ~hfkp

btpphky ph ydp pmd oad ph `fy~cov hkcv ? `difjoc ~coid+

6+ Oiidyy moy ~rhuf`d` o `deotcp fjoad fk pmd ph~ cdep ihrkdr he pmd rd~hrpimokad pmfy fjoad bvicfilfka hk pmd Chah btpphk fk pmd @dyfak Rfbbhk# ok` imhhyfka okv `fafpoc fjoad ph rd~coid fp+

-Vht iok tyd pmd fjoad oppoimd` fk Bcoilbhor` ioccd` `hjfkfiokchah+g~a+&

?>+Oiidyy moy ocyh otphjopfioccv fkict`d` pmd òpd ok` pfjd fk pmd ph~*rfampihrkdr he pmd rd~hrp+ Rdjhud pmdyd bh}dy bv icfilfka hk doim ph ydcdip fp#

pmdk icfilfka pmd @dcdpd(Boily~oid ldv# hr rfamp*icfilfka ok` imhhyfka

@dcdpd+ Icfil hk pmd @opd ok` Pfjd btpphk fk pmd Mdo`dr(Ehhpdr arht~ he pmd @dyfak

rfbbhk ok` o`` o bh} pmop `fy~covy pmd òpd fk pmd ehrjop 5(?9(2>?2 ok` `hdy khp `fy~cov pmd

pfjd+ Ydp pmd boilarhtk` he pmd òpd bh} ph rd` ok` pmd ehkp ph mfpd+

??+ Fe vhtr pfpcd bh} kdd`y ph bd rdyfwd` ph ymh t~ hk hkd cfkd# `h pmop kh bv ydcdipfka pmd bh}ok` `roaafka pmd dàdy+ Ocjhyp dudrv fpdj fk Covhtp Ufd iok bd rdyfwd` ok` jhud` fk pmfy

ov/

?2+O`` ~oad ktjbdry fk pmd ehrj ôad } he v ph pmd ph~ he vhtr rd~hrp bv icfilfkahk pmd ôad Ktjbdry btpphk+ Rfamp*ocfak pmd ~oad ktjbdry+ Vhtcc ydd pmop

pmd ~oad ktjbdry jov o~~dor hk ph~ he pmd ihctjk mdo`dryjold jhrd y~oid bv icfilfka hk

okv ihctjk mdo`dr ok` `roaafka fp `hkor`+

?9+Yirhcc occ pmd ov `hk pmd ~oadvhtcc ydd pmop Oiidyy moy otphjopfioccv o``d` ~oad ktjbdryop pmd bhpphj he pmd rd~hrp ehr vht+ -Khpfid mh fp yovy ôad ? he ? oy fe pmfy dkpfrd rd~hrp

htc` efp hk hkd ~oad8 Fk Covhtp Ufd# pmdrd ord kh ~oad brdoly# yh vht iokp pdcc mh jokv


30/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ^oad 9> he 95

~oady o rd~hrp fcc bd+ Ph `h pmop# tyd ^rfkp rdufd+& Yfkid vht gtyp o``d` ~oad ktjbdry op

pmd ph~ he pmd ~oad# rdjhud pmd ~oad ktjbdry erhj pmd bhpphj he pmd ~oad+

Arht~fka ok` Yhrpfka7

?0+Hkd he pmd rdqtfrdjdkpy he pmfy rd~hrp fy ph arht~ rdytcpy bv Ypopd ok` pmdk Ifpvehrrd~hrpy# arht~fka jdoky ph aopmdr rdihr`y pmop ymord o idrpofk efdc` uoctd phadpmdr fkph

pmd yojd ~orp he pmd rd~hrp# ok` ph dj~moyfwd pmfy arht~fka bv fk`dkpopfhk+ Ph arht~

rdytcpy phadpmdr# jold ytrd vht iok ydd pmd Arht~# Yhrp ok` Phpocy ordo op pmd

bhpphj he pmd Rd~hrp fk`h+ -Fe vht `hkp ydd fp# icfil hk pmd Arht~ % Yhrp btpphk ph ptrk

dkobcd pmfy fk`h+ Icfil hk pmd O`` o Arht~ btpphk# ok` pmdk imhhyd mfim

efdc` ph arht~ hkehr pmfy efryp d}oj~cd# imhhyd Ypopd+ Khpfid mh pmd rd~hrp

kh arht~y occ rdihr`y bv ypopd+ Icfil hk O`` o arht~ oaofk ok` imhhyd Ifpv

ph arht~ hk ifpv# phh+ Bhc`eoid pmd ypopd ok` ifpv cobdcy ph jold pmdj ypok` htp jhrd hk pmd

rd~hrp+

?4+Tyd pmd O`` o yhrp btpphk ph yhrp pmd rdihr`y fk doim arht~ bv oad# erhjhc`dyp ph vhtkadyp+

Phpocy7

?5+Vhtcc ydd pmop Oiidyy moy otphjopfioccv o``d` o arok` phpoc ehr pmdMhtrcvQoad ihctjk# btp fp `hdykp ymh t~ oy itrrdkiv+ Tyd pmd

Ehrjoppfka ordo ph `fy~cov pmfy phpoc oy itrrdkiv+ Rfamp*icfil hk pmd

arok` phpoc bh} ok` imhhyd Ydp Io~pfhk ph cobdc pmd arok` phpoc oy

Mhtrcv Qoad Arok` Phpoc+

?1+Bdyf`dy Arok` Phpocy# Oiidyy iok `fy~cov phpocy bv arht~yvht iok ydppmdyd h~pfhky bv rfamp icfilfka hk pmd MhtrcvQoad ihctjk# ok`

imhhyfka ok h~pfhk erhj pmd Phpoc jdkt+ Ydp t~ vhtr rd~hrp ph ymho arht~ ytj ok` arok` phpoc ehr pmd Mhtrcv Qoad# ok` o arok` phpoc

ymhfka pmd oudroad oad he occ dj~chvddy mdk mfrd`+ Cobdc pmd

oudroad oad tyfka o io~pfhk+

Ihk`fpfhkoc Ehrjoppfka7

?=+Vht iok imokad pmd o~~dorokid he okv yfkacd fpdj fk o rdihr` boyd` hkirfpdrfo bv tyfka pmd Ihk`fpfhkoc Ehrjoppfka btpphk hk pmd Ehrjop

rfbbhk+ Icfil hk pmd MhtrcvQoad ihctjk ph ydcdip fp# pmdkicfil pmd Ihk`fpfhkoc

Ehrjoppfka btpphk ph ydp ihk`fpfhkoc ehrjoppfka irfpdrfo+ Ydp MhtrcvQoady

bdpddk $?> ok` $?4 ph `fy~cov fk rd` fpm tk`drcfkd+

Pmopy occvhtud kh irdopd` o ihj~cd}# dcc ehrjoppd` rd~hrp boyd` hk o qtdrv/


31/36

Oiidyy 2>?> Mok`htpy ôad 9? he 95

Jofc Jdrad

Hkd udrv ihjjhk tyd ehr òpo# dy~difoccv ihkpoip òpo# fy ph tyd fp ph ydk` pmdj d*jofcy hr cdppdry+ F!j

ytrd vht!ud rdidfud` ehrj cdppdry hr djofcy pmop moud vhtr kojd ok` dudk yhjd hpmdr fkehrjopfhk

obhtp vht fkyf`d he fp*** o ~dryhk fyk!p yfppfka `hk ok` pv~fka doim hkd he pmhyd cdppdr fk`fuf`toccv#

pmhtam+ Bv tyfka o phhc ioccd` Jofc Jdrad vht iok pold òpo yphrd` fk o òpoboyd ok` jdrad fp fkph o

hr` `hitjdkp jtcpf~cd pfjdy** ehr d}oj~cd# ph adkdropd o ~dryhkocfwd` cdppdr ph chpy he ~dh~cd/

^drehrjfka o jofc jdrad h~dropfhk fk Jfirhyhep Qhr` 2>?> iok bd ytjjorfwd` fk pmd ehcchfka ypd~y7

?+ Irdopd pmd jofk `hitjdkp Pmd boyfi `hitjdkp ehr o jofc jdrad pmdehrj cdppdr ihkpofkypmd ypopfi pd}p+

2+ Ihkkdip pmd `hitjdkp ph o òpo yhtrid Pmd òpo yhtrid# o efcd pmop ihkpofky pmd fkehrjopfhkph bd jdrad# iok d}fyp fk o f`d uorfdpv he òpo ehrjopyjhyp hepdk Oiidyy hr D}idc+

9+ O`` ~coidmhc`dry -f+d+# jofc jdrad efdc`y& ph pmd hitjdkp ^coid jofc jdrad efdc`y# ytim oyo``rdyy bchily hr arddpfka cfkdy# fk vhtr jofk `hitjdkp+ Pmdyd efdc`y ord efccd` fpm fkehrjopfhk

erhj vhtr òpo efcd+

0+ ^rdufd ok` ihj~cdpd pmd jdrad h~dropfhk Oy vht jdrad vhtr òpo fkph pmd jofk `hitjdkp#vht iok ~oad pmrhtam pmd htp~tp ph udrfev pmop pmd h~dropfhk hrld` oy vht fkpdk`d`+ Vht iok

pmdk dfpmdr ~rfkp htp# djofc# hr youd ih~fdy he pmd jdrad` `hitjdkp vhtud irdopd`+

-ypd~y bhrrhd` erhjmpp~7((hfp+ut+d`t(profkfka(efcdy(hr`2>?>Xjofcjdrad+~è&

Irdopd pmd Jofk @hitjdkpO Jofc Jdrad ihkyfypy he ph ~orpy# o òpo yhtrid -ehr d}oj~cd# o cfyp he kojdy ok` o``rdyydy& ok` o

hr` `hitjdkp -ehr d}oj~cd# o ehrj cdppdr& pmop moy pmd pd}p ok` covhtp h~pfhky pmop ord pmd yojd ehr

dudrvhkd+

Ph `h o jofc jdrad# efryp irdopd o hr` `hitjdkp pmop moy okv ypopfi pd}p# fjoady# hr covhtp -cfld ~oad

jorafky& pmop vht` cfld doim cdppdr ph moud+ Okv `hitjdkp iok hrl ehr pmfy ~tr~hydvht iok dudk

yporp fpm ok d}fypfka hr` `hitjdkp ok` jh`fev fp ehr tyd oy o Jofc Jdrad `hitjdkp+
http://oit.wvu.edu/training/files/word2010_mailmerge.pdfhttp://oit.wvu.edu/training/files/word2010_mailmerge.pdfhttp://oit.wvu.edu/training/files/word2010_mailmerge.pdfhttp://oit.wvu.edu/training/files/word2010_mailmerge.pdf


32/36


Ihkkdip pmd @hitjdkp ph o @opo YhtridKh pmop vht moud o `hitjdkp# imhhyd pmd yhtrid he vhtr òpo+ Fk pmfy d}oj~cd#

dcc tyd o ypt`dkp fkehrjopfhk òpoboyd fpm kojdy ok` o``rdyydy pmop fy yphrd` fk

ok Oiidyy pobcd+ Ph ihkkdip pmd ph7

?+ Fk Qhr`# ah ph pmd Jofcfkay rfbbhk# ok` imhhyd Yporp Jofc Jdrad Ypd~ bvYpd~ Jofc Jdrad Qfwor`+

2+ Pmfy brfkay t~ o ~okd hk pmd rfamp yf`d he pmd yirddk polfka vht pmrhtam pmdypd~y ph irdopd o jdrad+ Ehr Ypd~ ?# ydcdip pmd pv~d he `hitjdkp vht ord

irdopfka+ Fk pmfy d}oj~cd# drd irdopfka o ehrj cdppdr# yh imhhyd Cdppdry# ok` pmdk icfil Kd}p+

9+ Hk pmd kd}p ypd~# imhhyd Tyd Itrrdkp @hitjdkp ph tyd pmd hr` `hitjdkp vhtrd itrrdkpcvd`fpfka oy pmd boyfy ehr vhtr jdrad+ Icfil hk Kd}p Ydcdip Rdif~fdkpy

0+ Op pmfy ypd~ drd imhhyfka htr òpo yhtrid+ Ydcdip Tyd D}fypfka Cfyp# pmdk icfil hk pmdBrhyd btpphk ph efk` vhtr òpo yhtriddfpmdr ok Oiidyy òpoboyd hr ok D}idc y~rdo`ymddp+

Ehr pmfy d}oj~cd# drd imhhyfka ok Oiidyy òpoboyd ioccd` Ypt`dkpIhkpoipCfyp+ Icfil H~dk

ph ydcdip pmd yhtrid+

4+ Oepdr ydcdipfka o òpo yhtrid# fe pmdrd fy jhrd pmok hkd pobcd hr qtdrv fk ok Oiidyy òpoboyd -hrjhrd pmok hkd ymddp fk ok D}idc òpoboyd

vhtcc bd ~rdydkpd` fpm o fk`h oylfka vht

ph imhhyd mfim pobcd(qtdrv hr ymddp ph tyd

oy pmd yhtrid+ Imhhyd pmd fpdj pmop moy occ he

pmd fkehrjopfhk vht kdd` ph fkict`d fk vhtr

cdppdr+ Fk pmfy d}oj~cd# dcc imhhyd pmd

Ypt`dkpIhkpoipCfyp pobcd+

5+ Qmdk `hkd# icfil Kd}p* Qrfpd Vhtr Cdppdr fkpmd Jofc Jdrad ~okd+


33/36


O`` Jdrad Efdc`y ph pmd @hitjdkpHkid vhtud o``d` o òpo yhtrid# vht iok kh pdcc Qhr` mdrd ph ~coid pmd fkehrjopfhk erhj pmop

yhtrid+ Ph `h pmfy vht o`` ~coidmhc`dry -ioccd` jdrad efdc`y& ph pmd `hitjdkp+ O jdrad efdc` ymhy

mdrd o ~fdid he òpo erhj vhtr òpo yhtrid fcc o~~dor fk pmd efkoc `hitjdkp+

?+ Efk` pmd ~coid mdrd vht htc` cfld o ~fdid he fkehrjopfhk erhj vhtr yhtrid ymhtc` o~~dor+Ihjjhk fpdjy ytim oy pmd O``rdyy Bchil -jofcfka o``rdyy fkehrjopfhk ok` pmd Arddpfka

Cfkd -@dor Bhb& ord cfypd` fk pmd Jofc Jdrad ~okd+ Cdpy yporp bv o``fka pmd o``rdyy bchil+

^hyfpfhk vhtr itryhr fk pmd `hitjdkp mdrd pmd o``rdyy bchil ymhtc` o~~dor# pmdk icfil hk

O``rdyy Bchilph o`` o ~coidmhc`dr+ Vhtcc ydd o `focha udrfevfka mop pmd bchil ymhtc` chhl

cfldmdk vhtud ydcdipd` pmd h~pfhky pmop vht ~rdedr# icfil HL ph o`` pmd jdrad efdc`+

Fk vhtr `hitjdkp# vhtcc ydd pmd jdrad efdc` ymh t~ oy

33O``rdyyBchil;;+ Pmfy fcc bd rd~coid` bv fk`fuf`toc o``rdyydy/

2+ Vht iok o`` okv o``fpfhkoc efdc`y erhj vhtr òpo yhtrid bv icfilfka hkJhrd Fpdjy ok` imhhyfka o efdc` erhj pmd cfyp+ Doim jdrad efdc` fcc

o~~dor fk vhtr `hitjdkp fpm 33 ok` ;; hk dfpmdr yf`d he fp+ Vht iok

ehrjop jdrad efdc`y -d+a+ fpm ehkp imhfidy# bhcèoid# dpi+& gtyp cfld rdatcor pd}p

fk Qhr`+ Fk pmd yoj~cd bdch# vht iok ydd dud o``d` pmdO``rdyyBchil#

EfrypXKojd# AtfòkidXIhtkydchr# ok` ^rdufhtyXYimhhcjdrad efdc`y fkph pmd

`hitjdkp+


34/36


9+ Hkid vhtrd `hkd o``fka jdrad efdc`y# icfil Kd}p ^rdufd Vhtr Cdppdry ph bd obcd ph ydd mhpmd oiptoc òpo fcc chhl fkyf`d he vhtr `hitjdkp+

^rdufd ok` Ihj~cdpd pmd Jdrad?+ Qmdk vht ~rdufd pmd jdrad# vhtcc ydd pmd cdppdr oy fp fcc o~~dor mdk youdocc he vhtr

jdrad efdc`y fcc bd rd~coid` bv opo erhj fk`fuf`toc rdihr`y fk vhtr òpo yhtrid+ Tyd pmdorrh btpphky hk pmd Jofcfkay rfbbhk fk pmd ^rdufd Rdytcpy arht~ ph ydd `feedrdkp rdihr`y

fk pmd ihkpd}p he vhtr cdppdr+ Icfil hk pmd ^rdufd Rdytcpy phaacd ph yfpim bdpddk yddfka

pmd òpo ok` pmd jdrad efdc` kojdy+

2+ Fe vht` cfld ph jold imokady ph vhtr cdppdr# icfil hk ^rdufhty fk pmd Jofc Jdrad ~okd+ Fevhtrd yopfyefd` fpm pmd rdytcpy# icfil hk Kd}p7 Ihj~cdpd pmd Jdrad+


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9+ Fe vht ord ~rfkpfka vhtr cdppdry# tyd pmd ^rfkp btpphk ph ~rfkp pmdj+ Fe vht`cfld ph youd vhtr cdppdry oy o hr` `hitjdkp# icfil D`fp Fk`fuf`toc Cdppdry+

Fk dfpmdr ioyd# vhtcc bd ~rhj~pd` ehr mfim

rdihr`y vht` cfld ph jdradydcdipfka Occ fpm

irdopd o cdppdr ehr doim rdihr` fk vhtr `opo

yhtrid# itrrdkp fcc hkcv adkdropd o cdppdr

ehr pmd itrrdkp rdihr` vht drd ~rdufdfka#

ok` pmd erhj h~pfhky occh vht ph y~difev o

rokad he rdihr`y ph jdrad+ Icfilfka HL fcc

ihj~cdpd pmd ~rhidyy# dfpmdr ~rfkpfka hr

irdopfka o kd `hitjdkp fpm occ he pmd fkehrjopfhk/

0+ Fe vht imhhyd D`fp Fk`fuf`toc Cdppdry# o kd hr` `hitjdkp fcc h~dk ihkpofkfka pmd jdraddoim cdppdr fcc o~~dor hk o kd ~oad# yd~oropd` bv o Kd}p ^oad Ydipfhk Brdol+ Youfka pmfy

kd `hitjdkp fcc occh vht ph h~dk fp copdr+


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Efkoc KhpdyFe vht youd vhtr yhtrid `hitjdkp# pmop fy# pmd `hitjdkp vht o``d` pmd jdrad efdc`y ph# mdkdudr vht

h~dk pmfy `hitjdkp# Qhr` fcc oppdj~p ph oiidyy vhtr imhydk òpo yhtrid+ Pmfy jdoky pmop# fe vhtud

imhydk o òpoboyd pmop fy t~òpd` rdatcorcv# vht iok h~dk t~ vhtr `hitjdkp ok` fjjd`fopdcv adkdropd

kd cdppdry# yfkid pmd jdrad fcc ocrdo`v bd ydp t~/ Qmdk h~dkfka o ~rdufhtycv ydp t~ jofc jdrad

`hitjdkp# vhtcc ydd o `focha bh} cfld pmfy o~~dor7

Icfilfka Vdy fcc occh hr` ph oiidyy vhtr òpo yhtrid+

Fk hr`dr ph rd*rtk pmd jdrad# ah ph pmd Jofcfkay rfbbhk# ok` imhhyd

Efkfym ok` Jdrad# ok` pmdk vht iok adkdropd vhtr kd `hitjdkpy+

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