cis 275—web app dev i xml. 2 introduction to xmlxml xml stands for ________________________. html...
TRANSCRIPT
CIS 275—Web App Dev I
XML
2
Introduction to XML XML stands for ________________________. HTML was designed to display data. XML was designed to _________ data. With XML, you define your own _______. Sample XML document:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
3
How can XML be Used?
With XML, data can be stored separately from the ______ code.
With XML, data are stored in plain _____ format.
With XML, data can be exchanged between ____________ systems.
Important languages like _____ are written in XML.
XML is important for _____ applications.
4
XML Document Structure
Sample XML document:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note> The XML document above consists of
an XML ___________ One ______ element Four _______ elements
5
XML Syntax
All XML elements must have a _________ tag. XML tags are ______ sensitive. XML elements must be properly nested.<b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b>
All XML documents must have a ______ element.
Attribute values must be _________.
<note date="12/11/2002"> Comments in XML look like this:<!-- This is a comment -->
6
XML Elements XML documents are _________. New elements can
be added without crashing an existing application. XML elements have ____________ (there are parent,
child, and sibling elements). Elements have content
Some have only element content (e.g., the root element)
Some have simple (_____) content <title>My First XML</title>
Some have mixed content (element and simple) Some have no content
<prod id="33-657" media="paper"></prod> Elements may have ___________
7
Element Content
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<book> <title>My First XML</title> <prod id="33-657"
media="paper"></prod><chapter>Introduction to XML <para>What is HTML</para> <para>What is XML</para> </chapter> <chapter>XML Syntax <para>Elements must have a
closing tag</para><para>Elements must be properly
nested</para></chapter> </book>
In this example, <book> has _________ content, because it contains other elements.
<chapter> has _______ content because it contains both text and other elements.
<para> has ________ content (or text content) because it contains only text.
<prod> has _______ content, because it carries no information.
8
XML Attributes
Element attributes are not part of the data, but contain information about the data.<file type="gif">computer.gif</file>
You should try to avoid using attributes, especially if the information feels like basic data.
One good use of attributes is for _____________.<messages>
<note id="p501">
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note> …
9
XML Validation A “well formed” XML document has correct _______. A “valid” XML document is both well formed and
conforms to a DTD (__________ Type Definition).<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "InternalNote.dtd">
A DTD defines document structure and legal ______. An XML _________ is the W3C alternative to DTD. Invalid XML documents will not execute properly. See http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema.html for details. XML validators:
http://www.w3schools.com/dom/dom_validate.asp
10
Internal DOCTYPE Declaration
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE note [
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)> <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
]> <note>
<to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend</body>
</note>
#PCDATA means “_______ character data.”
11
External DOCTYPE Declaration
XML (note.xml)<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM
"note.dtd"> <note>
<to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend</body>
</note>
DTD (note.dtd)<!ELEMENT note
(to,from,heading,body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
12
Why use a DTD?
With DTD, your XML files can carry a description of its own _________ with it.
With a DTD, independent groups of people can agree to use a common DTD for ___________ data.
Your application can use a _________ DTD to verify that the data you receive from the outside world is valid.
You can also use a DTD to _______ your own data.
13
Viewing XML Files An XML document can be viewed in IE 5.0+
by typing the URL or double-clicking the icon. Look at this XML file: note.xml. Invalid XML files will not display:
note_error.xml. Other Examples
An XML CD catalog An XML plant catalog A Simple Food Menu
14
Displaying XML with CSS You can view an XML with the help of a CSS,
but this is not the future of XML. Take a look at this pure XML file:
The CD Catalog Then look at this style sheet: The CSS file Finally, view
the CD Catalog formatted with the CSS file You can write a web page using XML, but this
is not recommended: A homepage written in XML.
______ (HTML defined as XML) is recommended for creating web pages.
15
Displaying XML with XSL XSL (__________ Style Language) is the
preferred style sheet language of XML. XSL is far more sophisticated than CSS. If you have Netscape 6 or IE 5 or higher you
can view the XML file and the XSL style sheet. View the result in IE 6 View the result in IE 5
16
XML Embedded in HTML The unofficial ______ tag is used to embed XML
data within HTML.<xml id="note">
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
</xml>
You can embed a separate XML file.<xml id="note" src="note.xml"> </xml>
<xml>
17
Data Binding Example of binding a data island to an HTML
element (in the following case, _______):<html> <body> <xml id="cdcat" src="cd_catalog.xml"></xml> <table border="1" datasrc="#cdcat"> <tr> <td><span datafld="ARTIST"></span></td> <td><span datafld="TITLE"></span></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>
Here is the result. Here is the external XML file.
<table>