circulation - warner pacific universityclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/bdupriest/bio 102... · blood...
TRANSCRIPT
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CIRCULATION
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CIRCULATION
Cardiovascular & lymphatic systems
Functions
Transport
Defense / immunity
Homeostasis
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Types of Circulatory Systems
Open circulatory system
Contains vascular elements
Mixing of blood & body fluids in open cavities (sinuses)
E.g., arthropods
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Types of Circulatory Systems
Closed circulatory system
Contains continuous vascular elements
Blood & body fluids kept separate
E.g., vertebrates
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Quick Quiz: True or false: A fish has a
closed circulatory system.
A) True
B) False
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Major Components of Vertebrate
Cardiovascular Systems
Heart
Pump
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Major Components of Vertebrate
Cardiovascular Systems
Heart
Vessels
Arteries
Carry blood away from the
heart
Veins
Carry blood toward the heart
Capillaries
Connections between arteries &
veins
Site of gas & nutrient exchange
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Major Components of Vertebrate
Cardiovascular Systems
Heart
Vessels
Blood
Transport “fluid”
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Chambers
Atria
Ventricles
Valves
Atrioventricular
Semilunar
Vessels
Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
The Mammalian Heart
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Pathway of Blood Flow
Body
R-atrium
R-ventricle
Lungs
L-atrium
L-ventricle
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lub
dub
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Quick Quiz: Where does blood go
when it leaves the left ventricle?
A) Left atrium
B) Body
C) Right ventricle
D) Lungs
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Circulatory Pathways
Pulmonary circuit
Heart lungs heart
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Circulatory Pathways
Systemic circuit
Heart body heart
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Circulatory Pathways
Coronary circulation
Heart heart
Right & left coronary arteries from base of aorta
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Cardiac Output
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Quick Quiz: True or false: the
pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-rich
blood.
A) True
B) False
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Comparison of Vertebrate Systems
Mammals, birds, crocodiles
4 chambered heart
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Comparison of Vertebrate Systems
Reptiles & amphibians
3 chambered heart
Common ventricle
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Comparison of Vertebrate Systems
Fish
2 chambered heart
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Quick Quiz: Which of these chambers
does a frog NOT have?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
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Cardiac Conduction System
Autorhythmic
Structures
Sinoatrial (SA) node
“Pacemaker”
70 bpm
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
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Cardiac Conduction System
Gap junctions
Communication junctions between cardiac cells
abutting ends of two
cardiac muscle cells
gap junction
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Electrocardiogram (ECG)
P wave
Atrial contraction (depolarization)
QRS wave
Ventricular contraction
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
Jimmie the bulldog 23
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Arrhythmias
Irregular heart rates
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Fibrillation
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Quick Quiz: Where is the heart’s
primary “pacemaker” found?
A) Atrioventricular node
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Aorta
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Blood Vessels
Arteries
Thick walls
High pressure
Elastic fibers
Veins
Thin walls
Low pressure
Valves
Capillaries
Ultra thin
Single cell layer 26
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Veins
Directional flow controlled by valves
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Blood Vessels
Path of blood flow in systemic circulation:
Heart
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Vena cava
Heart
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Capillary Flow
“Outward flow” at the arteriole end of the
capillary bed
“Inward flow” at the venule end of the capillary
bed
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Blood Vessels
Blood flow regulated by controlling vessel
diameter
Vasoconstriction
Constrict lumen
Decreases flow / increases pressure
Vasodilation
Dilate lumen
Increases flow / decreases pressure
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Blood Pressure
Blood pressure = pressure applied to walls of
blood vessels by the blood
Systolic pressure
Arterial pressure during ventricular contraction
Diastolic pressure
Arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation
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Systemic Blood Pressure
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Quick Quiz: Blood pressure in a vein is
_________ in an artery of the same
size.
A) Higher than
B) Lower than
C) The same as
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Atherosclerosis
Plaque formation
Cholesterol & fat deposits in wall of arteries
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Coronary Bypass Surgery
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Blood
Volume & Composition
5 L (adult)
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Blood Cell Generation
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Blood Typing
Heritable genetic traits
Markers (antigens) expressed on surface of rbc’s
A type antigens
B type antigens
O = no antigens present
Immune response will be initiated if foreign
antigens are recognized
Important for blood transfusions
Incompatible blood types will be attacked
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Agglutination Reaction
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Rh Factor
+ / - for Rh antigen
Anti-Rh antibodies may be produced in response
to transfusion or pregnancy
Consequences
Reaction to subsequent transfusions
Erythroblastosis fetalis
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Erythroblastosis Fetalis
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Quick Quiz: Blood type results from
markers on/in...
A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
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