circexcr
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE THE CIRCULATOCIRCULATORY SYSTEMRY SYSTEM
![Page 2: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LOS SISTEMAS LOS SISTEMAS
CIRCULATORIOSCIRCULATORIOS
http://recursostic.educacion.es/secundaria/edad/3esobiologia/3quincena9/ventanas/organizacion_circulatorio.htm
![Page 3: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen around the organism, and, at the same time, takes the cellular residues and carries them to the organs responsible for their elimination.
![Page 4: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
COMPONENTS OF THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
• Blood.• Blood Vessels.• Heart.
![Page 5: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
THE BLOODTHE BLOOD
![Page 6: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WHAT IS IN THE BLOOD?
plasma
red blood cell white blood cell
platelets
![Page 7: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
In every 100 mL of blood...
55% corresponds to blood plasma
2% corresponds to white blood cells
43% corresponds to red blood cells
Blood Plasma is a yellowish substance made up of:
WaterMineral SaltsProteinsHormonesNutrientsWaste products
![Page 8: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BLOOD CELLSBlood
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Red Blood Cells
![Page 9: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Red Blood Cells
Contain haemoglobin, a protein specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it. It gives them their red
colour.
Can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the
capillaries.
A biconcave disc, round and flat, without a nucleus.
![Page 10: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
White Blood Cells
There are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.
They protect us and defend us from
infections and eliminate cell debris.
There can be between 5.000 and 9.000 per cubic mm.
![Page 11: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells. They don’t have a nucleous.
Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net, and take part in blood coagulation, preventing haemorrhages.
There are between 150.000 and 300.000 per cubic mm.
![Page 12: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BLOOD FUNCTIONS
• Nutrition: transport nutrients from the digestive system to the cells.
• Respiration: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• Excretion: transport waste products from the cells to the excretory system.
• Defensive: it contains defensive cells.
• Thermical Control: it takes part in controlling the body’s temperature.
• It transport hormones.
![Page 13: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
BLOOD BLOOD VESSELSVESSELS
Ducts through which the blood circulates to all the parts of the
organism.
![Page 14: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BLOOD VESSELS STRUCTUREBLOOD VESSELS STRUCTURE
![Page 15: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Capillaries
ArteriesVeins
Carry blood away from the heart, to
the organs.
Take blood back to the heart from the
organs.
Microscopic blood vessels which connect arteries and
veins.
![Page 16: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ArteriesArteries• Transport the blood
from the heart to the organs.
• They suffer a big blood pressure.
• Their walls must be thick and elastic.
• As they get further away from the heart, they divide into smaller vessels called arterioles.
![Page 17: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
VeinsVeins
• Transport the blood from the organs to the heart.
• Their walls are thinner and less elastic than arteries’.
• Inside them there are valves to prevent the blood backward
movement.
• They divide to form venules.
![Page 18: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CapillariesCapillaries
• Very small vessels that join arteries and veins endings.
• They have a very thin epitelial wall.
• Through their walls, substances exchange with the body cells .
![Page 19: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Intercambio de sustancias en el capilar
Nutrientes
Nutrientes
Desechos
Desechos
O2
O2
CO2
CO2
Una pequeña porción de plasma también sale de los capilares, y va penetrando en el sistema linfático, que posteriormente lo devuelve a la circulación.
Representación de la cantidad de oxígeno que lleva la sangre a su paso
por los alvéolos pulmonares.
![Page 20: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
THE THE HEARTHEART
![Page 21: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• It is a muscular, hollow organ that pumps the blood through the blood vessels.
• Its walls are made up of a muscular tissue called Myocardium.
• The inside is covered by a thin layer of cells, the Endocardium.
• The outside is covered by a double membrane, the Pericardium.
![Page 22: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Heart StructureHeart Structure
![Page 23: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Veins arrive to the atriums, and arteries leave from ventricles.
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Left Atrium
Myocardium
Aorta ArterySuperior
Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Veins
Tricuspid Valve
Mitral Valve
![Page 24: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Recorrido de la sangre en el corazón
Sangre rica en oxígeno Sangre pobre en oxígeno
1 2
3 4
![Page 25: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL CORAZÓN
DIÁSTOLE AURICULAR
SÍSTOLE AURICULAR
SÍSTOLE VENTRICULAR
![Page 26: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
LA DOBLE CIRCULACIÓN SANGUÍNEA
Circuito general o mayor
Circuito general o mayor
Circuito pulmonar o menor
Circuito pulmonar o menor
Arteria
Arterias
Vena
Venas
![Page 28: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
THE THE LYMPHATLYMPHAT
IC IC SYSTEMSYSTEM
It collects excess interstitial plasma, and returns it to the blood.
![Page 29: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• It is made up of:
o Lymph Vessels.o Lymph Capillaries.o Lymph Nodes: located in
various parts of the body, they release lymphocytes, which protect us from infections.
![Page 31: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• The lymphatic system also:
o Maintains the fluid balance in the internal milieu.o Collects the products of fat digestion from the small
intestine.
![Page 32: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ENFERMEDADES DEL ENFERMEDADES DEL APARATO APARATO
CIRCULATORIOCIRCULATORIO
![Page 33: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Tasa de mortalidad por enfermedad cardiaca (por 1.000 habitantes)
Tasa de colesterol en sangre (g/L)
16
12
8 6 5 4
01,8 2 2,2 2,5 2,6 2,8
Luz de la arteriaCoágulo
Pared de la arteria
ARTERIOESCLEROSIS
INFARTO DE MIOCARDIO
Endurecimiento de las arterias por deposición de placas de grasa y colesterol. A estas placas se adhieren plaquetas y forman coágulos que
pueden obstruir la arteria.
El infarto se produce cuando un coágulo tapona una arteria coronaria y una parte del
corazón deja de funcionar.
![Page 34: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Enfermedades de la sangre
ANEMIA
LEUCEMIA
Médula ósea roja
La mayoría de las enfermedades relacionadas con la sangre, como la anemia o la leucemia, tienen su origen en
un mal funcionamiento de la médula ósea roja.
• Sus principales síntomas son la fatiga y la pérdida de energía.
• La sangre contiene una baja cantidad de hemoglobina.
• La anemia más común se produce por la falta de hierro, un componente esencial de la hemoglobina.
• Es un cáncer que afecta a las células de la médula ósea.
• Se produce un aumento de glóbulos blancos incapaces de luchar contra las infecciones, y disminuye el número de glóbulos rojos y plaquetas.
![Page 35: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
HEMOFILIA
En la mayoría de los casos en los hemofílicos, se dan antecedentes familiares.
• Se manifiesta por la aparición de hemorragias, debido a problemas de coagulación de la sangre.
• Para que se produzca la coagulación se necesita la colaboración de doce sustancias diferentes llamadas factores de coagulación. En el plasma de los hemofílicos falta alguno de estos factores.
• Se debe inyectar a la persona el factor del que carece.
![Page 36: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
EXCRETORY EXCRETORY SYSTEMSYSTEM
It is responsible for eliminating waste
products produced by our cells.
![Page 37: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• It is made up of the urinary system and other organs and systems which contribute to the excretion of waste products:
o Respiratory System.o Sweat Glands.o Liver.
![Page 38: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
THE URINARY SYSTEMTHE URINARY SYSTEM
• It has two parts: the Kidneys and the Urinary Tracts.
http://www.bioygeo.info/Animaciones/Nefrona.swf
![Page 39: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
THE KIDNEYS
Renal Arterie
Ureter
RENAL PELVIS
RENAL CORTEX
MEDULLA
Renal Vein
![Page 40: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• Each kidney is made up of nephrons, small tubes with one open end sorrounded by a blood capillary.
• Nephrons filter the blood in the glomerulus, and produce urine.
![Page 41: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
LA SALUD DEL APARATO URINARIO
Para no sobrecargar de trabajo a nuestros riñones, debemos adquirir ciertos hábitos que ayudan a mejorar su funcionamiento.
Ingerir cantidades moderadas de ciertos alimentos que provocan la formación de productos tóxicos,
como el marisco o la carne de caza.
Ingerir como mínimo dos litros de agua al día.
Consumir con moderación carnes y pescados, ricos en
sustancias nitrogenadas cuya eliminación puede
alterar el funcionamiento del riñón.
![Page 42: Circexcr](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062513/556b8c66d8b42a6c7c8b52fe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
LA HEMODIÁLISIS
Los enfermos cuyos riñones no funcionan, deben depurar regularmente su sangre por medio de la hemodiálisis.
El riñón artificial
La sangre se pone en contacto con una solución similar al plasma sanguíneo a través de una membrana semipermeable, que deja
escapar la urea y otros productos de desecho, pero impide el paso a moléculas grandes y células sanguíneas.