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AN 2017-16

CIPOS IPM Simulation Tool

User Manual

About this document

Scope and purpose

This document provides details on how to use the IPM Simulation Tool

Intended audience

This document is intended for all users of the IPM Simulation Tool

Table of Contents

About this document ....................................................................................................................... 1

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... 1

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3

2 IPM 3-phase inverter simulator ....................................................................................... 4

2.1 Input parameters..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Modulation Schemes ......................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Selecting parts ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Running a simulation .............................................................................................................................. 9

2.3.1 Simulation errors ............................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Simulation results ................................................................................................................................. 10

2.5 Results tables ........................................................................................................................................ 11

3 IPM H-bridge inverter simulator ..................................................................................... 13

3.1 Input parameters................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 Modulation Schemes ....................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Selecting parts ....................................................................................................................................... 17

3.3 Running a simulation ............................................................................................................................ 17

3.3.1 Simulation errors ............................................................................................................................. 17 3.4 Simulation results ................................................................................................................................. 18 3.5 Results tables ........................................................................................................................................ 19

4 IPM PFC + inverter simulator .......................................................................................... 21

4.1 Input parameters................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Selecting parts ....................................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 Running a simulation ............................................................................................................................ 24

4.3.1 Simulation errors ............................................................................................................................. 24

4.4 Simulation results ................................................................................................................................. 25 4.5 Results tables ........................................................................................................................................ 27

5 IPM PFC Boost Simulator ............................................................................................... 28 5.1 Input parameters................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2 Selecting parts ....................................................................................................................................... 29 5.3 Running a simulation ............................................................................................................................ 30 5.3.1 Simulation errors ............................................................................................................................. 30 5.4 Simulation results ................................................................................................................................. 30 5.5 Results tables ........................................................................................................................................ 31

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CIPOS IPM Simulation Tool User Manual

Introduction

Revision History ............................................................................................................................ 32

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Introduction

1 Introduction

The IPM Simulation Tool allows the user to simulate and compare Intelligent Power Modules (IPMs) under user-specified application conditions to help determine which IPM will best suit their needs. Currently, there are four

simulation applications available: 3-phase inverter, H-bridge inverter, PFC + 3-phase inverter, and PFC boost.

IPM Simulation Tool: https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/tools/landing/ipm.html

Figure 1 Simulation applications

Each simulation application page consists of four main sections: simulation schematic, parameter entry, part

selection, and results. This document goes into detail on how to use the IPM Simulation Tool, and also provides

additional information about each simulation application webpage.

Please note that all simulations involve steady-state analysis. While losses are calculated for the IPM, all other

components in the schematic are ideal and do not add losses to the system.

All IPM simulation models are comprised of an electrical and thermal model. Both models are derived from

actual characterization of the IPMs, and hence the models align with parameters found in the respective IPM datasheets. Electrical models are based on typical characteristics taken at two temperatures: 25°C and 150°C, and linearly interpolated for all other simulated temperatures. Thermal models are single Zth(J-C) maximum characterization, and correspond at steady state to the maximum Rth(J-C) value given in each part’s datasheet. If

Rth(J-C) maximum is not specified in the datasheet, Rth(J-C) typical *1.2 is used. For all CIPOS™ Nano IPMs, thermal models use Zth(J-CB) characterization where CB is the case bottom.

https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/tools/landing/ipm.html

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IPM 3-phase inverter simulator

2 IPM 3-phase inverter simulator

The CIPOS™ IPM 3-phase inverter simulator was designed for the user to simulate and compare IPM parts under user-specified, three-phase motor operating conditions to determine which part best suits their needs. This

tool shows the expected temperature of the selected IPM, the approximate power losses of the IPM, and waveforms corresponding to the inverter output voltage, output current, junction temperature, and power losses.

Figure 2 3-phase inverter schematic

2.1 Input parameters

The IPM 3-phase inverter simulator allows the user to input parameters for system and PWM frequency, modulation scheme, input and output voltage, current, power factor, thermal interface material, mounting

option, thermal resistance, and reference temperature. Family and package options can be used to filter IPMs. The DC bus voltage input is also used to filter IPMs to only those that can operate at the required voltage.

Default values are auto-filled, and the users can overwrite them with their own parameters as needed. The

input parameters have range limits to prevent unrealistic outputs. These range limits are as follows:

Table 1 Allowed input parameters

Parameter Description Allowed selection

System frequency Inverter output fundamental

frequency

Between 0.1 Hz and 1000 Hz

PWM frequency Pulse-width modulation frequency Between 0.1 kHz and 100 kHz

Modulation scheme See section 2.1.1 for more

detailed information

Options: Sine PWM

iMOTION™ SVPWM SVPWM (2-phase 60°)

Trapezoidal 120° SVPWM high side clamp iMOTION™ SVPWM low loss, low

side clamp

DC bus voltage Input voltage

This selection is used to filter

parts

Between 10 V and 1200 V

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Voltage to motor, line to line Output AC voltage

See note below Table 1*

Limited by DC bus voltage Vrms, (Vpeak

for trapezoidal)

Motor drive phase current

RMS

Output single phase RMS current Between 0.0001 A and 50 A

Power factor Between -1 and 1

Mounting option Options: Mounted heatsink

In free air

Fixed reference

Temperature Will display as ambient or

reference temperature depending

on mounting option

Between -40°C and 150°C

Thermal resistance Will display as heatsink, case to ambient, or none depending on

mounting option

Between 0°C/W and 100°C/W

Thermal interface material

Options:

Yes

No

Thermal interface resistance

Thermal resistance of grease,

silicon pad, etc.

Will only display if thermal

interface material is being used


Family and package This selection is used to filter

parts

Options: All packages Nano QFN 7x8

Nano QFN 8x9

Nano QFN 12x12 Micro DIP 29x12F

Micro SOP 29x12F Micro DIP 29x12

Micro SOP 29x12 Tiny DIP 34x15 Tiny SIP 34x15

Mini DIP 36x21D

Mini DIP 36x21

Maxi DIP 36x23D

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*Note: If the modulation index (Mi) is known instead of voltage to motor, the following equations can be used

to calculate voltage to motor:

For trapezoidal modulation scheme,

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘) = 𝑀𝑖 • 𝑉𝐷𝐶

For sinusoidal modulation schemes,

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠) =√3

√2∗2𝑀𝑖 • 𝑉𝐷𝐶, where Vrms is referencing the RMS voltage of the first

harmonic.

All input parameters must be filled in before parts are selected, as the available parts list is determined by DC bus voltage and the package filtering option.

Figure 3 Input parameters

2.1.1 Modulation schemes

There are several modulation schemes available for sine-wave current operation and square-wave current operation in the simulation tool. Sine-wave current operation can be classified into two groups: continuous and discontinuous. Normally, discontinuous PWM scheme is used for reducing switching losses at the cost of higher harmonics in the output current. Available modulation schemes are detailed in Table 2.

Table 2 Modulation schemes description

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Name Current

output Description PWM scheme and signal

Sine PWM Sinusoidal Alternative names:

SPWM

3-Phase Sinusoidal PWM

iMOTION™ SVPWM

Sinusoidal Alternative names:

SVPWM

3-Phase Continuous Space

Vector PWM

SVPWM (2-phase 60°)


SVPWM60

SVPWM discontinuous

symmetrical

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Name Current


SVPWM high-

side clamp Sinusoidal Alternative names:

SVPWM120HS

3-phase 120° discontinuous

SVPWM (high-side fully on)

iMOTION™

SVPWM low loss, low-

side clamp


SVPWM low-side clamp

SVPWM120LS

3-phase 120° discontinuous

SVPWM (low-side fully on)

Trapezoidal

120°

Square Alternative names:

PWM BLDC 120

2-ph PWM with lowside 120°

fully on

High-side switch modulates the duty cycle while the low-side switch

conducts the current continuously for

a 120° duration.

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2.2 Selecting parts

Once all input parameters have been entered, the user can now select a part. The list of parts available depends on the input parameters the user has entered. Highlighted in blue is the part number; clicking on the part

number will direct the user to the part’s datasheet. Next to the part number is the rated current for IGBT IPMs or

the rated RDS(ON) for MOSFET IPMs and its package name. As many parts as desired can be selected, but simulation time will increase with the number of IPMs selected, and graphs may become overcrowded. The IPM Simulation Tool includes IPMs in configurations other than 3-phase IPMs. The parts list includes single

phase (half-bridge), 2-phase (h-bridge), and 3-phase IPMs. When simulating a half-bridge IPM such as IRSM807-105MH, simulations consider three IPMs operating a 3-phase motor drive. For 2-phase (h-bridge) IPMs, results are shown as if one part and a single phase of another part are operating.

Figure 4 Example of parts’ list

2.3 Running a simulation

Once parts have been selected, the simulation can be started by clicking Get Result at the bottom of the parts list. Once clicked, the simulation will begin to run and will read “Calculating Jacobian: X/41” below the button. Once finished, Analysis Completed will appear in its place. Pressing the Get Result button before the analysis is

completed will abort the calculation. The user can save the current simulation by pressing the Hold Result

button. This will open a Result History log at bottom to show all traces saved. Clicking the (-) next to the part will remove its simulation results. Clicking a (+) next to the part will hold the simulation results until removed. Held results are indexed with a trace number. The trace number is auto-incremented as additional simulation results are held. By clicking on the name in the trace, the user can rename as desired. This is beneficial as the

user can add information from the input parameters to represent each trace.

Figure 5 Result History example

2.3.1 Simulation errors

If the simulation experienced any issues while running, an error message will be displayed below the Get Result

button. Common errors that may be displayed are as follows:

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Table 3 Common simulation errors

Error message Explanation

Enter into over-modulation range. This tool does not support over-modulation conditions. For sinusoidal modulations, value must be between 0 and 1. For

all other modulations, value must be between 0 and 1.15.

IGBT is running over its maximum junction temperature! Please adjust your simulation

parameters or chose another device.

Parameters entered are too extreme for the device selected. Maximum junction temperature (TJ) for the majority of IPMs

is 150°C but the simulation will show results up to 200°C

Diode is running over its maximum junction temperature! Please adjust your simulation

parameters or chose another device.



Steady-state analysis failed to converge after 20 iterations.

This error normally occurs when parameters are too extreme for the selected device. Usually in this case, the user will receive an over-temperature warning as discussed

above. For some cases this warning may appear instead.

Analysis exceeded a maximum runtime of x

seconds.

This error occurs when the simulation is taking too long to

solve. Normally, this error may be seen when a very low system frequency is entered. If you receive this error, please

refresh the simulation page and try again. If the error still

occurs, please contact technical assistance.

2.4 Simulation results

The IPM inverter simulation outputs a total of 11 graphs in 3 scopes for the user to view. These include inverter

output waveforms, highside temperature and losses, and lowside temperature and losses for both the switch and diode. The inverter output graph is shown automatically, and the other graphs can be viewed by clicking

their corresponding waveform scopes in the schematic. These scopes can be reordered by dragging the title bars. They can also be resized by dragging the small blue arrow in the bottom of each scope. The simulation

offers many tools for analysis located on the title bar of each of the three scopes. Free zoom and fixed zoomed can be used to better view each graph. The cursor tool allows the user to move two cursors to measure voltage,

current, losses, and temperature at any given time in the scope.

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Figure 6 ΦA HS scope example

2.5 Results tables

The result table for inverter losses displays the total losses for the switch, diode, and the whole IPM part under

the given conditions. Also included in this table is the efficiency, output power, and average case temperature. The phase-A high side and low side result tables show switching losses, conduction losses, average

temperature and maximum temperature of both the switch and diode inside the IPM.

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Figure 7 Results table example

In the case of IGBT-based IPMs, the IGBT losses are listed under “Switch” while the diode losses are listed under

“Diode.”

In the case of IPMs containing RC-IGBTs (reverse conducting IGBTs), the split is similar although the IGBT and

diode are located on the same physical chip.

In the case of IPMs containing MOSFETs, the forward conduction losses, Eon and Eoff are grouped under “Switch” while the reverse conduction losses and reverse recovery losses are grouped under “Diode.” For MOSFET

products, the “Switch” and “Diode” temperatures are the same as the diode is the intrinsic body diode of the

MOSFET structure.

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IPM H-bridge inverter simulator

3 IPM H-bridge inverter simulator

The CIPOS™ IPM H-bridge inverter simulator was designed for users to simulate and compare IPM parts under user-specified, two-phase motor operating conditions to determine which part best suits their needs. This tool

shows the expected temperature of the selected IPM, the approximate power losses of the IPM, and waveforms corresponding to the inverter output voltage, output current, junction temperature, and power losses.

Figure 8 H-bridge inverter schematic


The IPM H-bridge simulator allows the user to enter parameters for system and PWM frequency, modulation scheme, input and output voltage, current, power factor, thermal interface material, mounting option, thermal resistance, and reference temperature. Family and package options can be used to filter IPMs. The DC bus

voltage input is also used to filter out the IPMs that can operate at the required voltage. Default values are auto-

filled, and the users can overwrite them with their own parameters as needed. The input parameters have range limits to prevent unrealistic outputs. These range limits are as follows:



System frequency Inverter output fundamental

frequency



Modulation scheme See section 3.1.1 for more


Options: Bipolar PWM

Unipolar PWM

Reduced loss unipolar PWM



parts




Limited by DC bus voltage Vrms


RMS


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Mounting option Options:

Mounted heatsink In free air

Fixed reference



on mounting option


Thermal resistance Will display as heatsink, case to

ambient, or none depending on

mounting option


Thermal interface material

Options:

Yes

No



silicon pad, etc.


interface material is used



parts

Options:

All packages Nano QFN 7x8

Nano QFN 8x9

Mini DIP 36x21

*Note: If the modulation index (Mi) is known instead of voltage to motor, the following equations can be used to calculate voltage to motor:

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠) =1

√2𝑀𝑖 • 𝑉𝐷𝐶, where Vrms is referencing the RMS voltage of the first

harmonic.

All input parameters must be filled in before parts are selected, as the available parts list is determined by DC

bus voltage and the package filtering option.

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3.1.1 Modulation schemes

Available H-bridge modulation schemes are detailed in the table below:

Table 5 Modulation schemes description

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Name Current


Bipolar PWM Sinusoidal

Unipolar PWM

Sinusoidal

Reduced loss unipolar

PWM


Hybrid unipolar PWM

Low-side or high-side switch turns on

continuously for half of the output

frequency

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3.2 Selecting parts

Once all input parameters have been entered, the user can now select a part. The list of parts available depends

on the input parameters the user has entered. Highlighted in blue is the part number; clicking on the part

number will direct the user to the part’s datasheet. Next to the part number is the rated current for IGBT IPMs or the rated RDS(ON) for MOSFET IPMs and the package name. As many parts as desired can be selected, but simulation time will increase with the number of IPMs selected, and graphs may become overcrowded.

The IPM H-bridge simulation tool includes single-phase (half-bridge) and 2-phase (h-bridge) IPMs. When simulating a half-bridge IPM such as IRSM807-105MH, simulations consider two IPMs operating a 2-phase motor drive.



Once parts have been selected, the simulation can be started by clicking Get Result at the bottom of the parts

list. Once clicked, the simulation will begin to run and will read “Calculating Jacobian: X/41” below the button.

Once finished, Analysis Completed will appear in its place. Pressing the Get Result button before the analysis is

completed will abort the calculation. The user can save the current simulation by pressing the Hold Result button. This will open a Result History log at bottom to show all traces saved. Clicking the (-) next to the part

will remove its simulation results. Clicking a (+) next to the part will hold the simulation results until removed. Held results are indexed with a trace number. The trace number is auto-incremented as additional simulation

results are held. By clicking on the name in the trace, the user can rename as desired. This is beneficial, as the




If the simulation experienced any issues while running, an error message will be displayed below the Get Result




Enter into over-modulation range. This tool does not support over-modulation conditions. For

sinusoidal modulations, value must be between 0 and 1.

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IGBT is running over its maximum junction temperature! Please adjust your simulation parameters or choose another device.


is 150°C, but the simulation will show results up to 200°C.

Diode is running over its maximum junction temperature! Please adjust your simulation

parameters or choose another device.




This error normally occurs when parameters are too extreme for the selected device. Usually in this case, the user will receive an over-temperature warning as discussed

above. In some cases this warning may appear instead.

Analysis exceeded a maximum runtime of x seconds.

This error occurs when the simulation takes too long to solve. Normally, this error may be seen when a very low system frequency is entered. If you receive this error, please




The IPM H-bridge simulation outputs a total of 10 graphs in 3 scopes for the user to view. These include inverter output waveforms, high-side temperature and losses, and low-side temperature and losses for both the switch

and diode. The inverter output graph is shown automatically, and the other graphs can be viewed by clicking their corresponding waveform scopes in the schematic. These scopes can be reordered by dragging the title

bars. They can also be resized by dragging the small blue arrow located at the bottom of each scope. The simulation offers many tools for analysis located on the title bar of each of the three scopes. Free zoom and

fixed zooms can be used to better view each graph. The cursor tool allows the user to move two cursors to measure voltage, current, losses, and temperature at any given time in the scope.

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3.5 Results tables

The results table for inverter losses displays the total losses for the switch, diode, and the entire IPM part under

the given conditions. Also included in this table is the efficiency, output power, and average case temperature. The phase-A high-side and low-side result tables show switching losses, conduction losses, average

temperature and maximum temperature of both the switch and diode inside the IPM.

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“Diode.”



In the case of IPMs containing MOSFETs, the forward conduction losses, Eon and Eoff are grouped under “Switch”

while the reverse conduction losses and reverse recovery losses are grouped under “Diode.” For MOSFET products, the “Switch” and “Diode” temperatures are the same as the diode is the intrinsic body diode of the

MOSFET structure.

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IPM PFC + inverter simulator

4 IPM PFC + inverter simulator

The CIPOS™ IPM PFC + inverter simulator was designed for users to simulate and compare IPM parts under user-specified, three-phase motor operating conditions to determine which part best suits their needs. This

tool shows the expected temperature of the selected IPM, the approximate power losses of the IPM, and waveforms corresponding to the inverter output voltage, output current, junction temperature, and power losses.

Figure 14 Motor drive schematic


The IPM PFC + inverter simulator allows the user to enter parameters for AC input voltage and frequency, PFC PWM frequency, DC bus voltage, inverter modulation scheme and PWM frequency, output system frequency,

voltage and current, power factor and thermal parameters. Family and package options can be used to filter IPMs. The DC bus voltage input is also used to filter out the IPMs that can operate at the required voltage.

Default values are auto-filled, and the users can overwrite them with their own parameters as needed. The

input parameters have range limits to prevent unrealistic outputs. These range limits are as follows:



Input AC voltage Between 85 Vrms and 300 Vrms

Input AC frequency Input fundamental frequency Between 0.1 Hz and 100 Hz

PFC modulation scheme PFC continuous conduction mode

PFC PWM frequency PFC pulse-width modulation

frequency

Between 0.1 kHz and 150 kHz



parts


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Inverter modulation scheme See section 2.1.1 for more


Options: Sine PWM

iMOTION™ SVPWM

SVPWM (2-phase 60°) Trapezoidal 120° SVPWM high side clamp

iMOTION™ SVPWM low loss, low side clamp

Inverter PWM frequency Pulse-width modulation frequency Between 0.1 kHz and 100 kHz

Output system frequency Inverter output fundamental

frequency




Limited by DC bus voltage Vrms, (Vpeak

for trapezoidal)


RMS



Mounting option Options:

Mounted heatsink

In free air Fixed reference

Temperature Will display as ambient or reference temperature depending

on mounting option


Thermal resistance Will display as heatsink, case to

ambient, or none depending on

mounting option


Thermal interface material Options:

Yes

No



silicon pad, etc.


interface material is used



parts

Options:

All Packages

Mini DIP 36x21D

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*Note: If the modulation index (Mi) is known instead of voltage to motor, the following equations can be used

to calculate voltage to motor:

For trapezoidal modulation scheme,

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘) = 𝑀𝑖 • 𝑉𝐷𝐶

For sinusoidal modulation schemes,

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠) =√3

√2∗2𝑀𝑖 • 𝑉𝐷𝐶, where Vrms is referencing the RMS voltage of the first

harmonic.

All input parameters must be filled in before parts are selected, as the available parts list is determined by DC bus voltage and the package filtering option.


4.2 Selecting parts

Once all input parameters have been entered, the user can now select a part. The list of parts available depends on the input parameters the user has entered. Highlighted in blue is the part number; clicking on the part number will direct the user to the part’s datasheet. Next to the part number is the rated current for IGBT IPMs or the rated RDS(ON) for MOSFET IPMs and the package name. As many parts as desired can be selected, but

simulation time will increase with the number of IPMs selected, and graphs may become overcrowded.

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Once parts have been selected, the simulation can be started by clicking Get Result at the bottom of the parts

list. Once clicked, the simulation will begin to run and will read “Calculating Jacobian: X/41” below the button. Once finished, Analysis Completed will appear in its place. Pressing the Get Result button before the analysis is completed will abort the calculation. The user can save the current simulation by pressing the Hold Result

button. This will open a Result History log at bottom to show all traces saved. Clicking the (-) next to the part

will remove its simulation results. Clicking a (+) next to the part will hold the simulation results until removed. Held results are indexed with a trace number. The trace number is auto-incremented as additional simulation results are held. By clicking on the name in the trace, the user can rename as desired. This is beneficial, as the




If the simulation experienced any issues while running, an error message will be displayed below the Get Result button. Common errors that may be displayed are as follows:



Vdc parameter too low. Minimum value must

be (Input AC Vrms)*√2

Vdc value must be higher than the peak of the specified input AC voltage. If it is lower than this value, the simulation will

stop and this message will appear.

Enter into over-modulation range. This tool does not support over-modulation conditions. For sinusoidal modulations, value must be between 0 and 1. For

all other modulations, value must be between 0 and 1.15.

IGBT is running over its maximum junction temperature! Please adjust your simulation parameters or choose another device.



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Diode is running over its maximum junction temperature! Please adjust your simulation parameters or choose another device.




This error normally occurs when parameters are too extreme for the selected device. Usually in this case, the

user will receive an over-temperature warning as discussed


Analysis exceeded a maximum runtime of x

seconds.

This error occurs when the simulation takes too long to

solve. Normally, this error may be seen when a very low system frequency is entered. If you receive this error, please




IPM PFC + inverter simulator outputs a total of 12 graphs in 3 scopes for the user to view. These include input AC voltage and current, inverter output waveforms, PFC temperature and losses, and high-side temperature and

losses. The inverter output graph is shown automatically, and the other graphs can be viewed by clicking their corresponding waveform scopes in the schematic. These scopes can be reordered by dragging the title bars. They can also be resized by dragging the small blue arrow located at the bottom of each scope. The simulation

offers many tools for analysis located on the title bar of each of the three scopes. Free zoom and fixed zoom can be used to better view each graph. The cursor tool allows the user to move two cursors to measure voltage,

current, losses, and temperature at any given time in the scope.

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4.5 Results tables

The results table for PFC + inverter losses displays the total losses for the IPM, output power, and average case temperature. The result table for PFC losses and junction temperature shows a loss breakdown between

switching and conduction losses, average temperature and maximum temperature of both the PFC switch and

diode inside the IPM. The result table for inverter losses and junction temperature shows a loss breakdown between switching and conduction losses, average temperature and maximum temperature of the hottest switch and diode inside the IPM. Inverter efficiency is also displayed.



“Diode.”



In the case of IPMs containing MOSFETs, the forward conduction losses are grouped under “Switch” while the reverse conduction losses and reverse recovery losses are grouped under “Diode.” For MOSFET products, the “Switch” and “Diode” temperatures are the same as the diode is the intrinsic body diode of the MOSFET

structure.

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IPM PFC Boost Simulator

5 IPM PFC Boost Simulator

The CIPOS™ IPM PFC Boost Simulator was designed for the user to simulate and compare the PFC switch and diode of an IPM under user-specified operating conditions to determine which part best suits their needs. This tool shows the expected temperature of the selected IPM, the approximate power losses of the IPM, and

waveforms corresponding to the input and output voltage and current, junction temperature, and power losses.

Figure 20 PFC boost schematic


The IPM PFC Boost Simulator allows the user to enter parameters for input AC voltage, current, and frequency, PWM frequency, DC output voltage, thermal interface material, mounting option, thermal resistance, and

reference temperature. Default values are auto-filled; the users can overwrite them with their own parameters

as needed. The input parameters have range limits to prevent unrealistic outputs. These range limits are as follows:



Input AC voltage

Between 90 Vrms and 300 Vrms

Input AC current

Between 0.1 Arms and 50 Arms

AC frequency Input fundamental frequency Between 0.1 Hz and 100 Hz

Modulation scheme

PFC continuous conduction mode


DC output voltage Value must be larger than peak of

input AC voltage


Mounting option Options: Mounted heatsink In free air

Fixed reference



on mounting option


Thermal resistance Will display as heatsink, case to ambient, or none depending on

mounting option

Between 0°C/W and 100°C/W for all

cases

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Thermal interface material Options:

Yes

No



silicon pad, etc.


interface material is being used



parts

Options: All packages

Mini DIP 36x21D


5.2 Selecting parts

Once all input parameters have been entered, the user can select a part. Highlighted in blue is the part number; clicking on the part number will direct the user to the part’s datasheet. Next to the part number is the rated current for the IPMs and its package name. As many parts as desired can be selected, but simulation time will

increase with the number of IPMs selected, and graphs may become overcrowded.

There are two IPM configurations that are included in the PFC boost simulation. These include: 2-phase interleaved, and 3-phase interleaved.

Figure 22 Parts’ list example

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Once parts have been selected, the simulation can be started by clicking Get Result at the bottom of the parts’

list. Once clicked, the simulation will begin to run and will read “Calculating Jacobian: X/22” below the button. Once finished, “Analysis completed” will appear in its place. Pressing the Get Result button before the analysis

is completed will abort the calculation. The user can save the current simulation by pressing the Hold Result button. This will open a Result History log below to show all traces saved. Clicking the (-) next to the part will

remove its simulation results. Clicking a (+) next to the part will hold the simulation results until removed. Held results are indexed with a trace number. The trace number is auto-incremented as additional simulation results are held. By clicking on the name in the trace, the user can rename as desired. This is beneficial as the user can

add information from the input parameters to represent each trace.

Figure 23 Results history example


If the simulation experienced any issues while running, an error message will display below the Get Result




Vdc parameter too low. Minimum value must

be (Input AC Vrms)*√2

Vdc value must be higher than the peak of the specified input

AC voltage. If it is lower than this value, the simulation will

stop and this message will appear.

IGBT is running over its maximum junction temperature! Please adjust your simulation parameters or chose another device.



Diode is running over its maximum junction

temperature! Please adjust your simulation parameters or chose another device.

Parameters entered are too extreme for the device selected.

Maximum junction temperature (TJ) for the majority of IPMs


Steady-state analysis failed to converge after

20 iterations.

This error normally occurs when parameters are too extreme for the selected device. Usually in this case, the

user will receive an over-temperature warning as discussed


Analysis exceeded a maximum runtime of x seconds.

This error occurs when the simulation is taking too long to solve. Normally, this error may be seen when a very low system frequency is entered. If you receive this error, please




IPM PFC Boost Simulator outputs a total of eight graphs in two scopes for the user to view. These include input and output voltage and current, current through the switch and diode, as well as conduction losses, switching

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losses and junction temperature for both the switch and diode. These scopes can be reordered by dragging the title bars. They can also be resized by dragging the small blue arrow in the bottom of each scope. The

simulation offers many tools for analysis located on the title bar of each of the three scopes. Free zoom and fixed zoomed can be used to better view each graph. The cursor tool allows the user to move two cursors to

measure voltage, current, losses, and temperature at any given time in the scope.

Figure 24 Temperature & losses scope example

5.5 Results tables

The PFC Losses result table displays the total losses for the switch, diode, and the PFC portion of the IPM under the given conditions. Also included in this table is the efficiency, output power, and average case temperature.

Efficiency only accounts for the losses of the switch and diode, as all other components are ideal. The loss breakdown and junction temperatures result table shows switching losses, conduction losses, average junction

temperature and maximum junction temperature of both the PFC switch and diode inside the IPM.

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Revision History

Document

Version

Date of Release Description of changes

1.0 08/07/2017 Initial document

1.1 11/27/2017 Updated to include new parameters and schematic

2.0 03/01/2019 Expanded document to include PFC Boost simulation along with minor

revisions to sections.

2.1 05/01/2019 Documented parameter changes, added image of PFC boost schematic

3.0 1/23/20 Updated document to include PFC Inverter and H-bridge simulation.

Manual also now includes details on modulation schemes.

[1]

Trademarks All referenced product or service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. owners.

Edition 2019-03-03

AN 2017-16

Published by

Infineon Technologies AG

81726 Munich, Germany

© 2020 Infineon Technologies AG.

All Rights Reserved.

Do you have a question about this

document?

Email: [email protected]

Document reference

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