cimw_minorities muslim in thailand
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CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN THE MUSLIM WORLD
MUSLIM MINORITIES IN SOUTEAST ASIA:
THAILAND
PRESENT BY:
AZZUBAIR NABIL
HAKIM HAFIZUDDIN
FAUZI
Copyright G815 CIMW/HS/CFS IIUM
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BEFORE 846 A.D
THE SOUTHERN SEA ISLAND:(SUMATRA , JAVA , BORNEO , SULALEVI ORSELEBES AND MALAKKA)
HINDUIST & BUDDHIST
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ARAB MERCHANTS SPREAD ISLAM
EVIDENCES:
Arabic letters
engraved on grave of
women at Leran,Gresic(weak proof)
Sir Richard Windsted:
his book,
The Malays Cultural History
Marco Polo the Venetian meet some Arab merchantswho teaching Islam to the governer and his family in
Perlak
Daughter of gavenor married with the teacher (Malik
as-Salih)
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Ibn Batutah
(a Morroccian traveller)
state that the city of Samudra was a centre of the Sunni Muslim
established a centre of Islamic spread
persuading King Saleh,king of Sumatra to embrace Islam
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KING SALLEH
help spread Islam
introduce Islamic system into his state
spent a large sum of money to spread Islam into other island
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SPREAD ISLAM THROUGH INDO-CHINA
E. Huber
G. Maspero(Kingdom of Champa)
E. Aymonier(The People of Champa and
Their Religion)
people of Champa accepted Islam during
Tang Dynasty of China (618-906 AD)
People of Champa:
1st century-HinduismLater on,some of them embraced Islam
after having comercial contact with theIslamic world (Basra,Seraf and Oman)
FLOWCHART
ISLAMArab & Persian INDO-
CHINA
CHINA
(Tang
Dynasty)
Arab & Persian
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MALACCA
Function of Malacca inspreading Islam
Malacca become a great centre ofcommerce and important port
The King Parameswara (MegatIskander Shah) embrace Islam
Java and Siam expected to occupy Malacca
Islam spread to Pattani and other cities in south of Siam
The King seek assistance from China to protect his land.
Reign Sultan Mahmud-Siam try to occupy Malacca- defeated
Sultan expelled the armies of Nakhorn Sri Dhamaraj State
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Islam existed before the Sukhothai period (1357 AD)
Kurkrit
Pramoj
(ex-Prime
Minister ofThailand) Islam existed since the beginning of the history of
Thai nation.Islam came to Indonesia and thePenisular of Malaysia before another tribe of of
people move from the Southern Unan
So,it is misleading to assume that Muslimns there are a people
taking refuge in the land of Thai people.
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Evidence Muslims in the southern part are natives.
43 BC renowned kingdom called Langkasuka.
220 AD-established the Tampornlingka Kingdom (Nakorn Sri
Dharmaraj)
685 AD-established the Srivichai kingdom.-spread all over the Penisula and dominated Tampornlingka.
8th Srivichai declined,new kigdom,Mashpahit emerged.
1401-Srivichai power degenerated because influence of Islam
end of 8th until the beging 9th century-Islam settled in Pattani
Kigdom founded by Phaya Taung Antara
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ISLAM IN PATTANIAccording to
legend
King was seriously ill and no one couldcure him
Muslim doctor , Shaykh Said volunteered
to cure him with condition king wouldconvert to Islam if he recovered.
The king promised that but he did not
keep his promise.
Once more he fell ill and was again
cured by the same doctor.
For the 3rd time,he agreed to
embrace Islam with his wife and his
daugthers.
His courties and citizens converted to
Islam.
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A
YUDDHAYA
PERIOD
(1590-1605)
Persian merchant-Shaykh Ahmad Qurni came to trade.
He was appointed as Samuhanayok (Prime Minister) by
King Songdharm with title Chao Phraya Shaykh Ahmad
-to controlling the governing of the nothern part of
Thailand.
-primogenitor of a number of Thai families.
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WEST ASIAN/MIDDLE EAST
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Social Condition
In south ofThailand,
majority areMuslim(71.2%)
Pattani
Yala
Songkhla
Narathiwat
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Thailand population:
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Social institution influencing the life of
Muslim in the south:
1. Institution ofIslam: religious
practice, masjid,pondok
2. Institution of family
3. MalaysianCommuunity:
origin, language,traditions,customs
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The Institution of Islam
The religious practices
- Islam is the way of life
- It related to every field in life
- Islam teaches: worship one God, obey His
teaching, behave morally, do good- Muslim in 4 provinces are more religious thanother part
Masjid
- Place for Muslim for worship God
- 1,064 masjids in 4 provinces
- 11,019 in other provinces- Its the centre for assembling the Muslims
Pondok
- Religious school in malay language
- Thai Muslim in south learn Islam here
- Established by religious teacher
- No limitation (age & gender) for pupil
- 1961, gov. modified pondok system (Teaching ofIslam + vocational courses)
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The Institution of Family & The
Malaysian Community:
- Besides theIslamic tradition &customs: marriage&ceremony,entertainment &games, dress, art(diferent kinds)
- Early Langkasukasociety + Hinduism,Buddhism, Islam=complex society
- Islamization ofPattani+HinduBuddhist culture =(Tanah Melayu)
local tradition& customs
- (Melayu)language was orallanguage since1446 A.D.
- Arabic languagespreded toSumatra & MelayuPeninsula
- Their writinglanguageinfluenced, becameyavi
- They used lessThai language
language
- Muslims in 4provinces areMalay origin
- The successor insailing
origin
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Pattani Community
The rulers
(Sultan)
The ruled
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The rulers: -On the top is Sultan/head
of the states
ruling class
Non-royal descents
Religious leader
Functionaries
&
High-ranking officials
Royal personAristocrat, who related to the
Sultan
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Ther
uled
Subjects:
- Need strong benefector leader
Debtbondsmen:
- Debtors who could not pay back their debt in time, thenbrought to the family of creditors (toil)
Slaves:
- Toil according to their master
- Orang sakai origin
- Because Islam forbid enslavements of Muslim
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Religious group hierarchy system
The sultan
mufti
Qadi
Imam/khateb/ bilal
highest
state
official in
religious
ruling
Jude of the
distinct
Religious
functionary
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19th & 20th century, most influential
leaders in Pattani
UstadsTohKrus
Traditionalreligiousteacher
Non-
traditionalreligiousteachers
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Because pattani was dominated by
pondok which
Taught religion. Gave moralguidance to the
Muslim villagers.
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1902, Pattani region wasofficially under the reign
of ofKing Rama V
Bangkok government hadtried to bring it into
national system
barrier:
- geographical distance
- cultural difference
Pattani isolated from:-social
-cultural
-political institution
Muslims in Pattanibecame the largestminority group,
represent 75% of totalpopulation in 4 prrvinces
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Population in 4 provinces in South
Thailand
Thai Muslims
The majority Belong to ShafiI
section of Sunni
Thai Buddhist
Not from this area Live in municipal
areas
A few of themdoing agriculturework, same
economic life withThai Muslims
ChineseDescendents
Live in municipalareas
Generally aremerchants
Most stay inmarket place
Only in districtBetong, Yala theylive together as abiggest group
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Religious
- In Islam the ultimate goal is become aman of all religious virtue
- Religious leader respected by thepeople than the state authority
Cultural
- Malay culture
- Doing agriculture work
Idealogical
- The Muslims feel that there is no needto broaden their social circle
Language
- Mostly speak Malay language
Thebarrier between Thai Muslims& other groups generally, betweenThai Muslim & Thai Buddhist/ Thai
Chinese particularly
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Economic Condition
Climatic
condition
Lands
Agriculture
worksOthers
Fruit treesFruit trees
Coconut palmsCoconut palms
Rubber treesRubber trees
Growing riceGrowing rice
Mines Fisherman
Muslims Buddhists
Poorer Small Large Richer
Moral Economy
Islamic Economy
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Shariah Court
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