cime cyclotron acceleration of ri beams e < 25 amev, 1 - 8 amev for ff
DESCRIPTION
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams E < 25 AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF. 1 - Production Caves:: RNB C converter+UCx target 10 14 fissions/s p- & n-rich RNB (transfer, fusion-evaporation, DIC). Low energy RNB DESIR. LINAG Exp. Hall S3. 2 - Superconducting LINAC: Stable-Ion beams - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams
E < 25 AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams
E < 25 AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF
LINAG Exp. Hall S3LINAG Exp. Hall S3
Low energy RNB DESIRLow energy RNB DESIR
2 - Superconducting LINAC: Stable-Ion beamsE ≤ 14.5 AMeV HI A/q=3, 1mAE ≤ 20 A MeV p,d, 4He (A/q=2 ions), 5mAPossible extension to A/q=6 ions
1 - Production Caves:: RNBC converter+UCx target 1014 fissions/sp- & n-rich RNB (transfer, fusion-evaporation, DIC)
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams
E < 25 AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams
E < 25 AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF
Low energy RNB DESIRLow energy RNB DESIR
1 - Production Caves:: RNBC converter+UCx target 1014 fissions/sp- & n-rich RNB (transfer, fusion-evaporation, DIC)
SPIRAL 2 Challenge : Up to 1014 fissions/s
SPIRAL 2 Challenge : Up to 1014 fissions/s
ALTO (5x1011 fiss./s)
SPIRAL 2 (5x1013 fiss./s)Fast neutron induced fission
5mA
C
Source
UCx2000°C
diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons
1+ n+
C
Source
UCx2000°C
diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons
1+ n+
200 kW Max. few kW
Today
A
Kr
Yie
ld,
pps
SPIRAL 2 Challenge : Up to 1014 fissions/s
SPIRAL 2 Challenge : Up to 1014 fissions/s
ALTO (5x1011 fiss./s)
SPIRAL 2 (5x1013 fiss./s)Fast neutron induced fission
5mA
C
Source
UCx2000°C
diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons
1+ n+
C
Source
UCx2000°C
diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons
1+ n+
200 kW Max. few kW
A
Sn
Yie
ld,
pps
Rough Estimation of Yields (Examples)
RI Beam ReactionProduction
methodYield (min. - max.)
pps
6He 9Be(n,α)6He ISOL 5x107 - 1012
11C 14N(p,α)11C ISOL 107 - 3x1011
15O 15N(d,2n)15O ISOL 3x107 - 1010
18Ne 19F(p,2n)18Ne ISOL 6x106 - 7x109
34Ar 35Cl(p,2n)34Ar ISOL 2x106 - 2x108
56Ni 58Ni(p,p2n)56Ni Batch mode 2x104 - 108
58Cu 58Ni(p,n)58Cu Batch mode 104 - 108
80Zr 24Mg+58Ni In-flight < 3x104
Light and N=Z RIB at SPIRAL 2
Reactions to be used: transfer, fusion-evaporation, deep-inelastic
Fusion reaction with n-rich beamsFusion reaction
with n-rich beams
Fission products (with converter)Fission products (with converter)
Fission products (without converter)Fission products (without converter)
High Intensity Light RIBHigh Intensity Light RIB
Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accessible with SPIRAL 2 Beams : LINAG & RIB
Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,), (p,n) etc.
Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,), (p,n) etc.
light beams
RIB induced reactions
light beams
RIB induced reactions
Physics with Radioactive Ion Beams Reactions & Rates (From 0 to 100 MeV/n)
2007 2012-2015
Low energy RNB DESIRLow energy RNB DESIR
1 - Production Caves:: RNBC converter+UCx target 1014 fissions/sp- & n-rich RNB (transfer, fusion-evaporation, DIC)
DESIRDESIR physics programphysics program
Decay spectroscopy - decay properties and nuclear structure studies- particle-particle correlations, cluster emission, GT strength - exotic shapes, halo nuclei
Laser spectroscopy - static properties of nuclei in their ground and isomeric states- nuclear structure and deformation
Fundamental interactions- CVC hypothesis, CKM matrix unitarity via 0+ 0+ transitions- exotic interactions (scalar and tensor currents)- CP (or T) violation with e.g. Radium
Solid state physics and other applications
• Decay studies with halo nuclei
• Clustering studies in light nuclei
• Super-allowed decays and the standard model of electro-weak interaction
• Angular correlation measurements and standard model of electro-weak interaction
• Cases of astrophysical interest
• New magic numbers
• Transition from Order to Chaos
• Shape coexistence, deformation and Gamow-Teller distribution
• High-spin isomers
• Test of isospin symmetry combined with charge exchange reactions
• Beta-delayed charged-particle emission: e.g. proton-proton correlation
Summary of decay spectroscopy experiments:Summary of decay spectroscopy experiments:The BESTIOL facilityThe BESTIOL facility
(BEta decay STudies at the SPIRAL2 IsOL facility)
Decay properties of exotic nucleiDecay properties of exotic nuclei
• Selection rules:• Fermi: T= J=0 ; f = i
• Gamow-Teller: T=0±1; J=0±1 ; f = i
Very Selective probe
B(GT)B(F)
CK
..*
22222/1
AV GGRBT
ftf
• Reduced transition probability:
Global properties• Short half-lives (10ms)
• High Q values
• Low Sp/n values
-delayed particle emission
1916 Rutherford & Wood α [Philos. Mag. 31 (1916)
379]
1963 Barton & Bell identified 25Si as p emitter
E,
Level density
Spin, Isospin
-decay properties
Vud
0+0+ = 0.9738(4) (1)
0.9736(3) (1,2,3)
VusK = 0.2200(23) (PDG)
0.2254(21) (4)
VubB = 0.00367(47) (PDG)
= 3073.5 (12) s (1) 3074.4 (12) s (1,2)
2 2 2 2 = + + 0.9967(13= )ui ud us ubi
V V V V
(1) Towner and Hardy, PRL 94 (2003) 092501, PRC 71 (2005) 055501(2) Savard et al., PRL 95 (2005) 102501(3) Marciano & Sirlin, PRL 96 (2006) 032002(4) E865, KTeV, NA48, KLOE(PDG) Particle Data Group, S. Eidelman et al., PLB 592 (2004) 1
(~ 2 shift) 0.9987(11)
CVC, CKM, exotic currents: 0+ CVC, CKM, exotic currents: 0+ 0+ 0+ decaysdecays
Measurements: - Q value - T1/2 - branching ratios
• Collinear Laser spectroscopy: - spins - magnetic moments - quadrupole moments - change of charge radii
N=50, N=64, N=82, etc.
• -NMR spectroscopy: - nuclear gyromagnetic factor - quadrupole moment
monopole migration of proton and neutron single particle levels around 78Ni persistance of N=50 shell gap around 78Ni persistance of N=82 shell gap beyond 132Sn
• Microwave double resonance in a Paul trap: - hyperfine anomaly and higher order momenta (octupole and hexadecapole deformation)
Eu, Cs, Au, Rn, Fr, Ra, Am ….
LUMIERELUMIERE::Laser Utilisation for Measurement and Laser Utilisation for Measurement and
Ionization of Exotic Radioactive ElementsIonization of Exotic Radioactive Elements
for ground and isomeric states}
Isotope shift and nuclear moment measurementsIsotope shift and nuclear moment measurements
101Zr at JYFLP. Campbell et al.
178Hf isomer at OrsayF. Le Blanc et al.
with I ~ 103-104 pps:
Isotope shift measurements at Isotope shift measurements at DESIRDESIR
N~50: neutron skin in N > 50 Ge isotopes (neutron star studies) deformation in N ≤ 50 Ni isotopes (collectivity vs magicity)
N~82: shape evolution for Z ≤ 50 (Ag, Cd, In, Sn)
N~64: strongly oblate shapes predicted in Rb, Sr and Y for N > 64
Z~40: shape transitions predicted in the Zr region (Mo, Tc, Ru)
Rare earth elements: large deformation and shape transitions predicted (Ba, Nd, Sm)
N=50N=40
Z=28
Z=40
The physics case for -NMR on polarized beams:
Ni
Zn
nuclear structure towards and beyond 78Ni
Evolution of orbits from Z=40 to Z=28:
ground state spins and momentsof 83Ge, 81Zn, 79Ni and of 81Ge, 79Zn, 77Ni
g-factors can reveal erosion of N=50 shell closure
Produce
d at S
PIRALII
with d
-induce
d fiss
ion
Lifetime OK for -NMR studies
Ge
Se
Kr
G. Neyens et al., KU Leuven
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams
E < 25 AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams
E < 25 AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF
1 - Production Caves:: RNBC converter+UCx target 1014 fissions/sp- & n-rich RNB (transfer, fusion-evaporation, DIC)
Physics with RIB at 2-20 MeV/nucl.
Physics Areas Considered:
• single-particle structure • nuclear pairing • spectroscopy of very neutron-rich nuclei• nuclear clustering and nuclear molecules• direct reaction mechanisms• studies of correlation in heavy-ion reactions• applications to astrophysics
Reaction Types
• elastic• inelastic• transfer• breakup• fusion
N=28
48Ca
46Ar
44S
42Si
Structure of 46Ar L. Gaudefroy, O. Sorlin et al, PRL97(2006)092501
-46Ar(d,p)47Ar transfer reaction at GANIL/SPIRAL
- Spectroscopy of final nucleus- Angular distributions of protons- Comparison with DWBA : ℓ - Spectroscopic factor
49Ca : R. Abegg et al. [NPA303 (1978)]
49Ca 47Ar
Similar effects to a reduction of thespin-orbit interaction
Observations incompatible withdiffusivity arguments
Other effects…
4.8 MeV 4.47 MeV-330keV
f7/2-f5/2 : 8.8 MeV 7.92 MeV-8%
p3/2-p1/2 : 2.02 MeV 1.13 MeV-45%
Gap N=28 :
Structure of 46Ar L. Gaudefroy, O. Sorlin et al, PRL97(2006)092501
- Reduction of the spin-orbit splitting
N=28
48Ca
46Ar
44S
42Si
Coulomb Excitation of 74,76Kr : Evidence for Shape Coexistence
2+1
74Kr+ 1.9(8) eb
- 0.9(6) ebprolate
oblate
0+1
4+1
6+1
8+1
+ 2.1(4) eb
0+2
2+2
4+2
+ 3.1(8) eb
differential Coulex cross section
complete set of transitional and diagonal matrix elements (including sign) first reorientation measurement with RIB direct confirmation of shape coexistence E. Clément et al.
SPIRAL beams 76Kr 5105 pps74Kr 104 pps 4.5 MeV/u
EXOGAM
Pb
Prolate
Oblate
Quadrupole deformation of the nuclear ground states
M. Girod, CEA Bruyères-le-Châtel
oblate ground states predicted for A~70 near N=Z prolate and oblate states within small energy range ⇒ shape coexistence
Shapes of atomic nuclei
Wolfram KORTEN
Reaching the highest angular momenta
CdSn
Te
Xe
Ba
CeNd
Sm
Gd
Dy
Er
Yb
Hf
64Ni
48Ca + …70Zn
76Ge
82Se
86Kr
88Sr
96Zr
100Mo
104Ru110Pd 116Cd
124Sn130Te
94Kr + …
26Mg30Si
36S
40Ar
48Ca
50Ti
54Cr
58Fe64Ni 70Zn 76Ge
132Sn+48Ca
136Te+48Ca
compound nucleus reached
in 48Ca induced reaction
in 94Kr (or 132Sn) induced reaction
new spin regime:70 - 80 ħ
pushing the angular momentumalways led to new physics !
Hyperdeformation Jacobi shape transition Band termination Collapse of pairing …?
Examples:48Ca+ 64Ni 112Cd*94Kr+ 26Mg 120Cd*
64Ni+ 64Ni 128Ba*94Kr+ 48Ca 142Ba*
48Ca+ 124Sn 172Yb*132Sn+ 48Ca 180Yb*
New detectors (Main Collaborations)
Particle ArrayParticle ArrayGamma ArrayGamma Array
SPIRAL 2 n-tof
Sample
Detector(s)
DESIRS3
AGATA
PARISGASPARD FAZIA
EXOGAM 2
ACTAR
LINAG Exp. Hall S3LINAG Exp. Hall S3
Low energy RNB DESIRLow energy RNB DESIR
2 - Superconducting LINAC: Stable-Ion beamsE ≤ 14.5 AMeV HI A/q=3, 1mAE ≤ 20 A MeV p,d, 4He (A/q=2 ions), 5mAPossible extension to A/q=6 ions
Co
mit
é d
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ire
cti
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GA
NIL
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2 N
ov
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7
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S3: The Super Separator Spectrometer for LINAG beamsS3: The Super Separator Spectrometer for LINAG beams
Combination:- Very high intensity primary beam- Whole range of primary beams available- High acceptance spectrometer- High beam rejection
unique opportunities for the creation of short-lived isotopes by fusion-evaporation, transfer reactions and deep-inelastic reactions
Provide access to species not available by isolde techniques
Co
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Focus on1014part/s 36evt/day @ 1pb1014part/s 36evt/day @ 1pb
SHE/VHE SHE/Heavy synthesis + spectroscopy SHE/Heavy chemistry SHE/Heavy (gas cell/masses/laser)
N=Z 100Sn region (gas cell/masses/decays/laser) Secondary Coulex with inverse kinematics
Light nuclei (transfer reactions)
DIC need more inputs !!!
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High Beam intensityHigh Beam intensityHigh power target : 10pµA ( = 6.1014pps) or moreRejection of the beam : >1013
Low EnergyLow Energy (fusion-evaporation residues)Large angular acceptance : +/- 80 mrad X and YLarge Charge state acceptance : Bρ acceptance: +/- 10%
Many reaction channelsMany reaction channels (evaporation channels)M/q selection : 1/350 resolutionIdentification when possible
Challenges
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S3 Low energy branch
Why a Gas catcher => universal technique Fast extraction time Chemical independence Isobar separation
Why at S3
A S3 offers unique potential for important isotopes produced with low cross section, in particular proton rich nuclei and heavy elements.
The low-energy branch of S3 will allow the production of beams of refractory elements as well as of very short-lived isotopes at ISOL energies
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Detection:Detection: Recoil Decay Tagging α, e-, γ, p spectroscopy COULEX Measurements Gas catcher to a low energy branch
Detection:Detection: Recoil Decay Tagging α, e-, γ, p spectroscopy COULEX Measurements Gas catcher to a low energy branch
Two stages separator for rejection and purificationTwo stages separator for rejection and purificationTwo stages separator for rejection and purificationTwo stages separator for rejection and purification
High speed Rotating TargetRefractive materialsActinides targetsCooling…
High speed Rotating TargetRefractive materialsActinides targetsCooling…
Optical design WG Technical concepts
Fusion reaction with n-rich beamsFusion reaction
with n-rich beams
Fission products (with converter)Fission products (with converter)
N=Z Isol+In-flightN=Z Isol+In-flight
Transfermiums In-flight
Transfermiums In-flight
Fission products (without converter)Fission products (without converter)
High Intensity Light RIBHigh Intensity Light RIB
SHESHE
Deep Inelastic Reactions with RIB/stable beamsDeep Inelastic Reactions with RIB/stable beams
Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accessible with SPIRAL 2 Beams : LINAG & RIB
Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,), (p,n) etc.
Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,), (p,n) etc.
light beamsheavy ionsRIB induced reactionsLINAG beams & exp. area
light beamsheavy ionsRIB induced reactionsLINAG beams & exp. area
SPIRAL 2 yields of fission fragment after acceleration compared to other RIB facilities (best numbers for all)
TodayToday
A
Kr
Yie
ld,
pps
Yie
ld,
pps
A
Sn
GANIL FUTURE
1. Fission of Uranium: heavy neutron rich. Ex: > 109 132Sn / s.
5. Fusion of stable: high rate of N=Z. Ex: >10 100Sn / s.
3. Fusion of exotic beams:
neutron rich & heavy nuclei
140Xe + 136Xe 276108
2. Fusion of exotic: Ex: 2. Fusion of exotic: Ex: 134Sn + 48Ca 182Yb134Sn + 48Ca 182Yb
4. Fusion of stable beams: Search for Super-heavy
6. Light ion reaction:
9Be(n,α)6He ~ 1011 pps
Neutron number N
Pro
ton
nu
mb
er
ZSPIRAL 2 Nuclear Physics - Examples
The scientific case of SPIRAL 2
Spins&Shapes
Position of
drip-lines
N=Z
rp-process
Heavy and Super Heavy Elements
r-process path
Haloes & Structures in the Continuum
Dynamics and thermodynamics in charge asymmetric
nuclear matter
Spins & Shapes
Shell structure far from stability
Neutrons for scienceAtomic & solid state physicsRadiobiology & Isotope production
ISOSPIN DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEAR FORCES
SPIRAL 2 White Book: www.ganil.fr
100Sn20+
72Kr20+Isotope Maximum Energy Beam
Intensity
(MeV/u) (pps)132Sn20+ 6.0 2x109
132Sn21+ 6.7 2x109
132Sn22+ 7.3 1.7x109
132Sn23+ 8.0 1.2x109
132Sn24+ 8.7 4x108
132Sn25+ 9.4 1x108
RNB post acceleration - Beam Energies from CIMERNB post acceleration - Beam Energies from CIME
Energy range of SPIRAL2 RIB : < 30keV and 1-20 MeV/nucl.Energy range of SPIRAL2 RIB : < 30keV and 1-20 MeV/nucl.
Lower EnergiesLower Energies
F. ChautardF. Chautard