CICMUN

CALGARY IN CRISIS MODEL UNITED NATIONS 2018

A World in Nuclear Fallout: 2100

~ Future Crisis Committee ~

February 3rd – 4th 2018

University of Calgary Model UN Team

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A World in Nuclear Fallout: 2100 “Future” Crisis Committee

Table of Contents Introduction A Message from the Dias …………………………………………………………………………3 History of the Committee………………………………………………………………………….4 Bloc Positions………….…………………………………………………………………………..7 Questions to Consider……………………………………………………………………………...9 Rules and Procedure Schedule………………………………………………………………………………………….10 Motions and Procedure………………..………………………………………………………….11 Writings…………………………………………………………………………………………..13 Sample Action Order……………………………………………………………………………..13 Sample Directive…………………………………………………………………………………14 Sample Communiqué..…………………………………………………………………………...14 Sample Press Release…………………………………………………………………………….15 Bibliography Citations.…………………………………………………………………………………………16

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A World in Nuclear Fallout: 2100 – “Future” Crisis Committee A Message from the Dias: Welcome to the University of Calgary’s CICMUN or Calgary in Crisis Model United Nations Conference 2018, and A World in Nuclear Fallout: 2100! As your chairs and committee staff we look forward to constructive debate, creative resolutions and outstanding diplomacy throughout the conference. Additionally - given the nature of this committee- strong character personalities and maybe even another nuke or two (if you can find them that is). This is CICMUN’s “future” committee, where we simulate a dystopian society and analyze its outcome in the future. This year’s Nuclear Fallout committee will take place during the year 2100, after a very different ending to the Cold War. The world has definitely changed, and it’s nowhere near the one we know and love today. Superpowers have become wastelands, and the developing world have suddenly become the greatest empires on the planet. Within this background guide you will find an outline on the rules of procedure, an outline of the crisis process for this committee and nation profiles. You will also find a brief introduction to the status of the world politically, economically and militaristically. Will the world endure another nuclear holocaust, or is this the beginning of a new era of peace? It’s all up to you. We hope you find the information useful and a good starting point for your research and preparation for this committee. If you’re struggling to start please see the questions to consider and the useful links provided to help get you on your way. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us at CICMUN.UCalgary@gmail.com with the subject line “Fallout: 2100” and we will get back to you as soon as possible. Best of luck on your research, we will see you at the conference! Sincerely, Your Committee Staff

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History of the Committee The Third World War began on 26 September 1986 and did not officially end until the Treaty of Pretoria and the Cape Town Conference of 2020. Despite this thirty–four year gap, the majority of the conflict was resolved by December of 1990 – although modern historians consider the many tragedies, epidemics and resulting global symptoms to be the final chapter of the Third World War. At the end of the Cold War the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the United States of America had begun implementing an intense and aggressive foreign policy towards the Soviet Union. In response to the USSR’s deployment of fourteen SS-20/RSD-10 theatre nuclear missiles, the NATO Double-Track Decision was adopted in December 1979. This decision employed the distribution of dozens of missiles based in Western Europe, with strike capabilities on Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania – strikes that could occur within a matter of minutes. Longer ranged missiles were also based in Western Europe, and although slow, had the range to strike any location within Soviet borders. Tensions continued into the following years, and by mid-February 1981 ‘psychological operations’ by the United States began. Firstly, the USA employed clandestine naval operations in the Barents, Norwegian, Black, and Baltic seas and near the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap. Additionally, frequent flights by American bombers charged directly to Soviet airspace, turning away only at the last moment and effectively struck fear to Soviet outposts. Dr. William Schneider, who was the undersecretary of state for military assistance and technology during the Double-Track Decision remarked that, “They didn't know what it all meant. A squadron would fly straight at Soviet airspace, and other radars would light up and units would go on alert. Then at the last minute the squadron would peel off and return home.” The American–Soviet relationship at that time had deteriorated to the point where the Soviet Union as a system—not just the Kremlin, not just Soviet leader Yuri Andropov, not just the KGB—but as a system, was geared to expect an attack and to retaliate very quickly to it. It was on hair-trigger alert that was prone to many mistakes and accidents. One such accident occurred on 26 September 1986 when Stanislav Petrov – a lieutenant colonel in the Soviet Air Defense Forces – was the officer on duty at the Serpukhov-15 bunker near Moscow which housed the command center of the Soviet early warning satellites. Petrov's responsibilities included observing the satellite early warning network and notifying his superiors of any impending nuclear missile attack against the Soviet Union. If notification was received from the early warning systems that inbound missiles had been detected, the Soviet Union's strategy was an immediate and compulsory nuclear counter-attack against the United States (launch on warning), specified in the doctrine of mutual assured destruction. Shortly after midnight, the bunker's computers reported that one intercontinental ballistic missile was heading toward the Soviet Union from the United States. Petrov considered the detection a computer error, since a first-strike nuclear attack by the United States was likely to involve hundreds of simultaneous missile launches in order to disable any Soviet means of a counterattack. This observation was disregarded by Soviet General Yury Votintsev, the commander of the Soviet Air Defense's Missile Defense Units, who considered the single missile as a means of tricking the Soviets – a hypothesis which was only ‘confirmed’ when moments later, an additional five missiles were detected. Votintsev notified Andropov and the other Soviet military and government officials, prompting an immediate counter strike; using as many of the 45000 Soviet nuclear warheads as they could. Petrov was then tried for treason; an event that is reported to have lasted under five minutes, and was executed. Unfortunately, Petrov’s suspicions had been correct, as the United States had not launched any pre-

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emptive strike against the USSR – and the Soviet counter strike had now become the incident that would mark the start of the Third World War. In the following moments, NORAD – the North American Aerospace Defense Command – alerted President Ronald Reagan and the senior members of the United States military, who began a counter strike. Telegraphs were sent out to members of the NATO. The mobilization of troops in Western Europe drew Soviet attention and Europe soon came under the fire of Soviet nuclear arms. The mobilization of naval ships, the use of land invasions and other aspects of conventional warfare marked the map – particularly in South East Asia, Latin America and South America. In short, the resulting conflict was rapid, messy and complicated. It soon became clear to several senior Soviet military officials that the warning system had triggered a false alarm, creating a domino effect, which then lead to the outbreak of the Third World War. A coup soon broke out; lead by Yevgeny Ivanov – the commander in chief of the Soviet ground forces – that stormed the Kremlin and arrested, tried, and executed Andropov and the other Soviet officials. Ivanov then went underground with members of the Romanov line, namely Maria Vladimirovna - who Ivanov had an affair with. Their children would later come to rule the Union of Slavic Socialist States under the Reformed Romanov Empire (USRE). The NATO instalments in Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and North Africa were quickly overrun– while much of the Asian and North American continents, as well as the Soviet Union itself were decimated into ashes. Australia and New Zealand expanded quickly to secure resources and territory, and over the next several years would conquer parts of South East Asia and other nations bordering the Indian Ocean. Nations in Africa and South America continued various border disputes and scrambles for resources – although initially spurred by the alliances forged with the global superpowers, the outcome of the war was clear, and nations began serving their own interests instead. The Soviets launched a conventional military force to breach the Arctic in an attempt to reach Canada and the USA - because of this split of resources and a devotion of resources on the Iron Curtain itself, the Nordic States are relatively spared. The People’s Republic of China was rather quickly decimated by the United States, and in their desperate bid to conquer the Asian peninsula, faced crippling losses to their military and industry. Conventional warfare did not end until 1995 with the Australian victory in the South China Sea over the Chinese military – sparking the Treaty of the Yangtze and the total surrender of the People’s Republic of China, which disbanded shortly thereafter – being absorbed into the surrounding nations who would later form the Pan Asian Alliance. The dissolution of the People’s Republic of China was marked by the plagues and socio economic disasters that consumed the world. Nuclear winter was soon unleashed – the severe and prolonged global climatic cooling effect that occurred after the widespread firestorms of nuclear war. Such fires injected soot into the stratosphere, where it blocked direct sunlight from reaching the surface of the Earth. This lead to a vast variety of global problems – with extreme climate change causing the likes of Brazil and Nigeria to experience snow – while rising sea levels, droughts and vast climate change shifted the world’s functions. There was also the total collapse of societal structures, including trade and the accessibility of food. Resources became few and far between as the world’s supply and emphasis on resources like coal and oil became extremely rationed, as they were needed to heat many buildings and homes, while simultaneously continuing the war effort. Jewels, metals and diamonds were then also reserved for only the highest echelons of society – a class that would be marred by the survivalist and

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socialist movements that swept the globe. The combination of these factors as well as the crippling defeats and setbacks of their military, the People’s Republic of China had effectively been reduced to a mere fledging of its former glory. General Secretary Li Ziyang of China had declared, “And so I stand in Rome; for we have done as the Romans have done – we have failed our great nation – and it has failed me.” The Chairman then committed suicide – the final blow that led to the collapse of the People’s Republic of China. The First Great Famine came in the spring of 1992, an event that lasted until 1997 and resulted in the death of some eight hundred million people. Radiation poisoning and natural disasters from the vast degrees of climate change resulted in millions of other casualties and ended much of the conflict – and conflict resolution – between various nations. There had been a sudden emphasis on survival and management of crises within nations rather than collaboration, or an official armistice. In fact, the lack of resources and need for rations and supplies lead to what some consider the Second Cold War, a period of non-communication between the world’s nations, with cold tension, distrust and a complete isolation. This would continue into the Second Great Famine (2003-2015) where radiation poisoning and natural disaster led to another collapse of food sources. The famine spurred the remaining remnants of the United States and the Soviet Union to become nomadic and eventually they bore more resemblance to prehistoric scavengers than developed societies. Those in Africa and Latin America would recount stories of wonder about these “savages”. These were not the only fables to be told, as the famed “Devil’s Kiss” – an extreme derivative virus that had developed from the ensuing nuclear winter and nuclear fallout – swept across the globe. The spread of the disease came just two years after the Cape Town Conference and the Treaty of Pretoria in 2020, where the nations of the world gathered in South Africa to officially mark the end of the Third World War. Many speculated (rather incorrectly) that the disease spread from this meeting. This was the last official world congress, and was the last known use of air travel by humans. The virus has the official name of H9N0 – although it bears no biological resemblance to the common flu. There is no cure for such disease and painful symptoms rendered its victims unconscious before they bleed out from the inside. The resulting corpses were marked with green blood, were exceptionally rancid, and had a special rotten, decaying quality to them. Although the disease was not contagious, zones that were known sources of this were bordered off. This deadly virus meant travel and transportation was near impossible and thus clean-up, commerce and the import or export of foodstuffs and resources were not readily available. Without any remedy to the disease, nations simply isolated themselves and began a long quarantine period known as the “Hundred Year Winter” (although this period was closer to seventy years). It is now the year 2100 and the fallout of nuclear waste has begun to dissipate naturally. The outbreaks of the infamous “Devil’s Kiss” are nothing more than an old wife’s tale and there is excitement at the prospect of ending the Hundred Year Winter. Global clean up may begin, world trade can be re-established and the redesign of a global economy is now possible! The flourish and success of nations that have been cursed with decades of starvation, illness and war are looking to turn a new leaf. The nations of the world have gathered at the First World Congress in Somalia looking to find solutions and to act on opportunities of growth for all nations. Will you shape the world into a peaceful, prosperous global community? Or will the conflicts facing your nation and the struggle of resources lead to an all out scramble of survival of the fittest? It is up to you delegate, to determine your nation (and the world’s) fate.

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Bloc Positions The Union of Slavic Socialist States under the Reformed Romanov Empire Ivanov and Vladimirovna had wed following the onset of the Third World War and attempted to maintain as much of the Soviet Union as they could manage. Ultimately, despite the destruction of their nation and the resulting death from the conflict – they were largely successful in maintaining their territory (albeit full of radioactive fallout) and converted millions of survivors into the USRE. Vladimirovna as the heir to the successive line of the Romanovs, re-established the Romanov Empire – and her son Vladimir Posyagin would become the first Tsar of the USRE. The USRE is very poor, lacks outside communication, and has millions of brainwashed subjects in a strict military dictatorship. They have many (conventional) arms remaining from the Third World War – although the continued development of such weapons had been banned by the Pretoria Treaty – there is no check up on this commitment. The USRE is definitely a military powerhouse with an unpredictable leader: the current bratty and spoiled Tsarina Alexandra Emilie Novak. The Four Divisions of Europe Each part of Europe bears a different ideological divide, splitting into the four nations that remain in Europe. The Republic of Europe is traditionally democratic, with attempts of being a fair and equal society, one that is liberal, progressive and has developed into a relatively prosperous nation. There is a large spread in income distribution and many citizens are very poor – but overall they function as an effective body that is reminiscent of the old early 20th century, late 19th century United States of America. Meanwhile, the Fourth Roman Empire is the same as the one of old – with a Senate, an Emperor, a slave-caste system and massive legions of soldiers. Much of Italy took Mussolini’s vision of “making Rome great again” even further than expected, and what remains of the Mediterranean peninsula has been absorbed into this Fourth Roman Empire. Latin is spoken in this nation and the people are extremely patriotic, proud and vicious to a fault. Next, the new British Empire (former United Kingdom) is akin to the Dark Ages, with the Kings, lords, knights, serfs and peasants of a CAST system. There is a strong belief in the divine right of kings, while many have written the Third World War’s destruction as God’s punishment upon humanity. As a result, much of the public and expressed their dislike of the Monarchy of Windsor, and by 2000 had adopted an Emperor instead. Likewise, Nordic Europe has returned to Viking Myths and legends - they believe that the nuclear wasteland left by the Third World War was in fact Ragnarok. They have absorbed some of the northern Europe (bits of Belgium, Germany, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, among others) and are barbaric scavengers, but as a result have a very health and resource rich society. The Democratic People’s Republic of the Americas, the Reformed Mexican Republic Following the end of Third World War, the remaining survivors in the United States held much resentment towards their government’s reckless action and military bigotry that lead to such an event. Although going peacefully and of natural causes, the death of President Reagan and the First Lady, the inability to have an election marked the decline of the United States. By 1995, what remained was a collection of governors, domains and military generals who commanded various forces. Donald Trump, with the support of several bought out military commanders began conquering states in the Eastern Seaboard – eventually taking over the United States and reforming them into a military dictatorship. Their current Great Supreme Leader and Mighty Saviour is Gideon E. Trump and the Trump Dynasty –

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is adored by the people. Starting with Donald, and completed by Donald Jr. the Democratic People’s Republic of the Americas has a mighty wall that surrounds their borders, and a huge stockpile of weapons are at their disposal. Unfortunately, there is also a lot of nuclear waste and thus lots of famine and constant death. Overall the nation is very communist–like with the privileged elite hiding out in shelters and depending on resources the others do not have access too. Canada has been ravaged by storms and disasters, as well as the Soviet war machine and thus has merged with the DPRA – although formed Canadians play a large role in the resource supply and the elite population of the DPRA. Meanwhile the Reformed Mexican Republic acts as a very strong, albeit corrupt and complicated democracy. They fear invasion from the DPRA and have a massive military force – one that is not very sustainable given the state of the world and thus they are looking to encourage global cooperation with clean-up efforts and trade. The Former Middle East, The Kashmirian Empire, The United States of Israel and Palestine The former Gulf States of Europe are relatively untouched – other than the usual issues with resources and food, the plague and other consequences felt globally, there has been no huge ideological shift or any large governmental change. Overall, the Republic of Former Gulf States is akin to the European Union or Arab League – with an eager focus towards global cooperation. They have become rich and prosperous off the backs of their oil fields and are very resistant to the developments Latin American nations have made with regards to “clean” and “sustainable” energy sources. The Kashmirian Empire is the result of a two state solution following the end of the Third World War between the former nations of India and Pakistan. With the marriage of Meera Namgyan of India to Muhammad Al Sanjar of Pakistan the couple relocated to a central location between their respective nations, creating the new Kashmirian Empire. The empire does have its own internal issues, culturally and politically with the two state solution – although the nation has managed to rapidly industrialize and has a very impressive military force. In contrast the United States of Israel and Palestine have created a democracy with two stark, deadlocked parties, leading to a very divisive and tense nation that accomplishes little. Fortunately for the United States of Israel and Palestine their sources of fresh water have allowed them to gain economic power; though they face threat of invasion and rough relations with the Fourth Roman Empire and many wealthy nations in Africa (who are economic rivals). The Pan Asian Alliance the Union of former South East Asian States The Pan Asian Alliance is a group of central Asian nations who have banned together in a strictly USSR inspired governmental system – and with the remnants of the People’s Republic of China, staunchly communist. They believe now more than ever, people around the world must rise up and strike for equality – their mission on the international level is to ensure pure equality for all citizens and fair opportunity to rebuild all nations of the world. Overall the Pan Asian Alliance is very corrupt and archaic with many old conservative values and beliefs that rival those of the Union of former South East Asian States. The USEAS is comprised of costal members and nations that bordered the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. These members vote in a parliament similar to ASEAN and the European Union although this body effectively represents all the ‘nations’ similar to the United Kingdom’s method of several countries following one central international presence. Furthermore, these nations act more like provinces or states and are very specialized and wealthy – akin to the 17th century thirteen colonies of the future United States of America. Due to their close proximity and very different ideologies the Pan Asian Alliance and the USEAS have been at constant war since their formation.

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The Continent of Africa The continent of Africa bears nations who have become the new industrial powerhouse of the world. These nations have many resources, are very powerful and have an ideology that pities the “poor white man”. Although they are charitable, they are also pitiful and are rather passive to the issues the world is enduring. Their primary focus will be on trade and commerce and benefiting their citizens as opposed to the rest of the world. There is a mix of liberal and conservative ideals, particularly with very strong militaries in the previously militaristic states – they have adopted the same flavour of strength, unity, order and passion. The Continents of Central America and South America These nations are extremely socialist and are both extremely progressive and powerful. Their military might rivals that of the late 20th century United States, and their liberal views puts The Republic of Europe to shame. They are very focussed on the benefit of the world, as they know it will have a cyclical effect. Thus, they are the largest proponents of clean and renewable energy sources (their nations are constantly battered by Artic Storms and Winter Blizzards) This continent is also home to the best fed and happiest citizens on the planet – they will be passionate, patriotic and resistant to outside threats. Diplomacy is their first mode of contact but they will not hesitate to show force or demonstrate their prowess on the battlefield. Oceania – The New Australian Empire, the (New) New Zealand Empire These nations have imperialist ideals and they believe in a form of manifest destiny. As they are the last survivors of the ‘Western World’ they believe they have a moral duty to save the world. They are looking out for themselves and have many weapons and resources left, but experiences extreme weather and thus want a global solution to many of these problems. Overall though, the empires continue to expand and grow as they want to conquer some of the new “savages” of the previously developed world, and “save” them while snagging resources and developing their own economies. They have many technologies, resources and weapons and are not afraid to use them to enforce their empire. The world is their playground.

Questions to Consider

• What is the primary concern of your nation? How does this concern deviate from different perspectives? How does a governmental perspective vary with that of the common citizen?

• What are the concerns of other nations? Do they have conflicting concerns? How will you balance these concerns?

• How will your foreign policy be implemented? • How will you address the failures of the United Nations, and the Cold War? • If war were to set in, what resources and what ability to navigate a war would your country

have? Which side would your nation be on based on alliances, ideology, and geographical location, among other factors?

• How would you go about cleaning up this Nuclear Fallout? What sort of commerce systems should be implemented? What treaties and laws should be kept? Which should be abandoned?

• Should there be more government involvement in an international level or less? How do we combat global warming, nuclear winter and the spread of disease?

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Schedule

Saturday February 3rd, 2018

8:30 – 9:00 Registration

9:00 – 9:30

Opening Ceremonies (Brief Crisis Training)

9:30 – 11:30 Committee Session I

11:30 – 12:30 Lunch (MacEwan Student Centre)

12:30 – 14:30 Committee Session II

14:30 – 14:45 Break

14:45 – 17:00 Committee Session III

Sunday February 4th, 2018

8:30 – 9:00 Check In

9:00 – 11:30 Committee Session IV

11:30 – 12:30

Provided Pizza Lunch (MacEwan Student Centre)

12:30 – 14:30 Committee Session V

14:30 – 14:45 Break

14:45 – 17:00 Committee Session VI

17:00 – 18:00 Closing Ceremonies

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Procedure The following rules of procedure will be employed at CICMUN 2018: Definitions:

• Action Order – An action or operation, carried out by an individual (unilateral) and their own powers; does not require the approval of the rest of the council

o This is also applicable to bilateral – two nations – and multilateral – three or more, given that these action orders are within the scope of a individual(s) own power(s)

o If the chair sees concern in the directive i.e. infringement of foreign policy, it is up to the discretion of the chair whether or not it requires the committee’s approval

o These can be private or public, although private action orders may reveal themselves within future crisis updates

• Communiqué – A letter or message directed at a fictional or non-fictional character, personality or organization not currently simulated by another delegate.

o It may be private or public and will be responded to via the crisis directors at their discretion.

• Decorum - behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety; etiquette. • Dilatory – obsolete, out of order; in essence, “no” • Directive – The resolution of the crisis committee, which must be presented before the

committee and voted on. o Sponsors and signatories are up to the discretion of the chair; no cap on sponsors will be

placed. o There must be a minimum of one signatory and a total of one-third of the committee must

be on the directive as either sponsors or signatories. o There is no motion to enter voting bloc to vote on a directive, simply a motion will

suffice, i.e Motion to vote on directive 1.1 sponsored by China, Uruguay and Venezuela • Division of the Question – During voting bloc, delegates may motion to vote on certain clauses

of a resolution separately, such that only the clauses that are passed become part of the final directive

o Two speakers for and against are required • Friendly Amendment – A change to a draft resolution on the floor supported by all of the draft

directive’s original sponsors • Multilateral Directive – An action or directive carried out by multiple nations in the committee

and typically has some direct involvement with the situation or may extend beyond their own powers

• Quorum – half of the committee, rounded up. Also known as a simple majority; the number of delegates needed to past most motions.

• Placard Vote – voting by placard within the whole committee. • Point – a pressing issue, during which a delegate may interrupt a speaker. • Point of Inquiry – a delegate arises on a general question. • Point of Order – a delegate arises to point out a mistake by the chair. • Point of Parliamentary Procedure – a delegate arises on a procedural question. • Point of Personal Privilege – a delegate arises on a personal request.

o Delegates do not need to ask permission to leave the room or to use the restroom. • Substantive Matter – something of ‘substance’; a resolution or working paper, or amendment to a

resolution or working paper

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• Right of Reply – a reply to a delegate who has slandered another delegate personally, must be granted at the discretion of the chair, which will be done so sparingly

• Roll Call Vote – voting by going through the roll call list. o Requires two speakers for and against, and a two-thirds majority to pass.

• Unfriendly Amendment – A change to a draft resolution on the floor not supported by all of the drat directive’s original sponsors and must receive a two-thirds majority vote to amend the directive.

• Vote by Acclimation – automatic acceptance of the resolution presented given no dissenters within the committee.

• Vote in the (Reverse) Order in which they were presented – Vote on motions in the (Reverse) order they were taken in.

• Vote on the motions from Least Destructive to Most Destructive – Vote on motions starting with extensions, followed by the shortest variation of what you just finished (i.e. the shortest moderated caucus), followed by a motion to vote on a directive, followed by unmoderated caucuses from shortest time to longest time

• Vote on the Motions from Most Destructive to Least Destructive – The reverse of Least Destructive to Most Destructive

Basic Conference Rules:

• Default ‘For and Against’ Speaking Time: 30 seconds • Two Speakers Required for ‘For and Against’ • ‘For and Against’ Speakers are required to Divide the Question • All votes in crisis committee will be a simple majority • Default Yield is to the Chair • Yield to Questions may be presented while making the motion, at the discretion of the chair

o Yield to comments will not be entertained. • Yield to another delegate may be accepted

o After asking permission from the chair with a clear reasoning as to why such an action should be entertained the delegate may proceed to yield to another delegate

o Given chair approval and the consent of the delegate accepting the yield • There will be no extensions of moderated caucuses that exceed (in whole or part) 10 minutes • There will be no extensions of unmoderated caucuses that exceed (in whole or part) 10 minutes • Delegates must stand for ALL speeches (except for points) • No Texting, Social Media, Snapchat etc. is to be used by delegates at any moment during

committee sessions • There is no maximum of sponsors per a resolution, if the entire committee is a sponsor, you are

still required to vote (recommended by acclimation) • Signatories (Including Sponsors) Must Comprise One-Third of the Committee • Directives should be formatted as follows:

o Spell out each acronym for what it stands for in full o No preambulatory clauses are allowed or required for directives o Specifics are required and all actions or clauses must have a purpose

• Slander or inappropriate behavior will result in a warning, followed by a silencing. If they are silenced a second time they will not be permitted to speak till the next session.

o Silencing can be accomplished either by the discretion of the chair or by a vote of two-thirds of the committee

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Writings There are four kinds of writings accepted at CICMUN 2018, these are:

1. Action Order 2. Directive 3. Communiqué 4. Press Release

Each will be detailed as to their application, format and requirement at CICMUN 2018, followed by samples. Note that there are no perambulatory clauses and that action orders and directives still require operative words (those utilized by the United Nations in resolution writing). Action Order Is an action, mission or operation, carried out by an individual (unilateral) and their own powers. This does not require the approval of the rest of the council. For example, the United States of America could unilaterally move to invade a nation – although with repercussions from the international community and from their own citizens. At times, action orders will be denied by crisis staff if it is out of character or out of the scope of a nation – delegates act as delegates to the United Nations and the embodiment of their respective nation – yet their home government may overrule, veto or otherwise disagree with said action. Feel free to inquire to crisis staff by sending in an action order and wait for our response – having said that try to be realistic! Action orders are also applicable to bilateral – two nations – and multilateral – three or more – given that these action orders are within the scope of a individual(s) own power(s). If the dais sees concern in the directive i.e. infringement of foreign policy, it is up to the discretion of the dais whether or not it requires the committee’s approval. These can be private or public, although private action orders may reveal themselves within future crisis updates at the discretion of the dais and the investigative work of other delegates! SAMPLE ACTION ORDER

Action Order in The Korean Peninsula

From: The United States of America Authorizes the deployment of additional resources (two destroyers, eight submarines and a carrier) to be placed under command of the seventh fleet, in an support and non-engagement role – meant to deter not to begin a war, Approves the deployment of the fifth US infantry brigade, the forty-second cavalry unit, and a battalion of US marines be moved into a supporting role in the Republic of Korea, on a two year mission, Enacts (the White House on) the engagement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and this new threat of nuclear war, encouraging additional troops and resources be deployed to the region and assist US troops currently there, Approves also (the White House on) the engagement of US allies within the region such as Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan to provide logistical support in the way of satellite access, anti missile defence systems (installations provided by the US army), and any additional resources and personnel to quell this threat.

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Directive This is the ‘resolution’ of crisis committees; essentially are action orders that fall outside the scope of a nation’s unilateral powers or have a significant impact on the committee and its interest as a whole. Thus, directives must be presented before the committee and voted on. Sponsors and signatories are up to the discretion of the chair; no cap on sponsors will be placed. There must be a minimum of one signatory and a total of one-third of the committee must be on the directive as either sponsors or signatories. There is no motion to enter voting bloc to vote on a directive, simply a motion will suffice, i.e Motion to vote on directive 1.1 sponsored by China, Uruguay and Venezuela. There are still no perambulatory clauses and require operative words. SAMPLE DIRECTIVE

Regarding The Crimea

Sponsors: United Kingdom, United States of America Signatories: Angola, Austria, Benin, Central African Republic, Egypt, France, India, Israel, People’s Republic of China, Samoa, Turkey, Authorizes the removal of sanctions on the Russian Federation by the United States and her allies, to promote talks, diplomacy and collaboration on the issue of The Donbass War, Endorses the United Nations Security Council to present a United Nations Peacekeeping Force, or observer force to maintain peace and stability in the region, while allowing non-governmental organizations and United Nations organ bodies the ability to freely and safely aid civilians in The Donbass War, Declares a no flight zone over the affected region to prevent civilian casualties and the downing of civilian aircraft, does so through joint United Kingdom, Untied States and People’s Republic of China action to create a no-flight zone. Communiqué A formal letter or message directed at a fictional or non-fictional character, personality or organization not currently simulated by another delegate. This can include the use of gathering intelligence, communicating with one’s own home government or related organizations, portfolios, generals, etc. It may be private or public and will be responded to via the crisis directors at their discretion. Note that inter-committee note passing will not be permitted at this time, and communiqués will not reach delegates in other committee rooms. SAMPLE COMMUNIQUÉ

To Sir Winston Churchill Dearest Prime Minister, I write to you in bitter joy and thorough relief; the American Manhattan project has come to a close and our ability to unleash a weapon of mass destruction has become a stark reality. I would like to heed your advice in our use of such weapons, for I fear the scar we will leave on this world – not on those caught by the blast – but rather those who follow, must not be taken lightly. I know you had remarked your expressed wish to unleash this weapon in Germany, I would like to ask if the United States would have the backing of Great Britain as this weapon journeys over the Atlantic and is unleashed on Berlin. Our hopes for a swift wars end my dearest friend. - FDR

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Press Release A press release is a statement released to the public from an official office or governmental organization, including but not limited to branches of government and heads of state. This may be done through a variety of channels, for example the United States of America may utilize an official White House Statement, or any of the Associated Press and their resources – specifying if the news is to be first released or reported by Fox, CNN, NBC, CBS, etc. Must be public due to the nature of such actions. Can also be committee wide (a statement from the committee) and in this event, must be voted on. One sponsor and one signatory is required, although more may be added. SAMPLE INDIVIDUAL PRESS RELEASE

Donald Trump Official Statement on Security Council Vote (Via Twitter) The United Nations Security Council just voted 15-0 in favor of additional Sanctions on North Korea. The World wants Peace, not Death! (Via the New York Times) The associated press received a formal statement from the White House earlier today stating: “The President is extremely pleased with the outcome of the Security Council Vote, and is proud of the leadership [his administration] has brought to the world stage. President Trump expresses his hopes of further combating the North Korean Regime and extends warm platitudes to the People’s Republic of China, The Russian Federation, as well as President Xi and President Putin for their cooperation and support in this matter. SAMPLE COMMITTEE WIDE PRESS RELEASE

Secretary General Extends Mandate of Special Tribunal for Lebanon, in Accordance with Security Council Resolution 1797 (2005)

Sponsors: Lebanon Signatories: Papua New Guinea Secretary‑General António Guterres has extended the mandate of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon from 1 March 2018 for a period of three years, or upon the completion of the cases before the Special Tribunal if sooner. The extension is in accordance with Security Council resolution 1797 (2005). The mandate of the Special Tribunal, which is based near The Hague in the Netherlands, is to hold trials for those accused of carrying out the attack of 14 February 2005 in Beirut, which killed 22 people, including the former Prime Minister of Lebanon, Rafiq Hariri, and injured many others. The trial, in absentia, of four individuals indicted over the killing began in January 2014 and is currently ongoing. The Special Tribunal for Lebanon also has jurisdiction over attacks carried out in Lebanon between 1 October 2004 and 12 December 2005, if they are connected to the attack of 14 February 2005 and are of a similar nature and gravity. The Secretary‑General reaffirms the commitment of the United Nations to support the work of the Special Tribunal in the fight against impunity for such major crimes, in order to bring those responsible to justice. The United Nations looks forward to the completion of the mandate of the Special Tribunal in a timely manner. The United Nations also looks forward to the continued support and cooperation of the Government of Lebanon.

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Citations (MLA 7th Edition) "A Cold War Conundrum" Fischer, CIA Centre for the Study of Intelligence, CIA, 2007. Web, 1

December 2017. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/a-cold-war-conundrum/source.htm#HEADING1-07

“Comrade Kryuchkov's Instructions: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations 1975–1985, 74–6, 86

Stanford UP 1993” Andrew and Gordievsky, Stanford. n.d. Web, 1 December 2017. https://books.google.com/books?id=6ahujvo6ukwC ISBN 0-8047-2228-5

"Soviet officer who averted nuclear war dies". David Lansky, Associated Press, 20 September 2017.

Web, 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20060819033034/http://hnn.us/articles/1709.html

"Stanislav Petrov - the man who quietly saved the world - has died aged 77" Nagesh Ashistha, Metro,

Metro, 18 September 2017. Web, 1 December 2017. http://metro.co.uk/2017/09/18/stanislav-petrov-the-man-who-quietly-saved-the-world-has-died-aged-77-6937015/

"The Red Button & the Man Who Saved the World" Pieta, Ewa, logtv.com, Flash, 16 October 2006.

Web, 1 December 2017. http://logtv.com/films/redbutton/video.htm "The 1983 War Scare in US-Soviet Relations" Fischer, Ben B. National Security Archive. n.d. Web, 1

December 2017. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu “Victory: The Reagan Administration's Secret Strategy That Hastened the Collapse of the Soviet Union”

Peter Schweizer. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1994. Web, 1 December 2017.http://www.worldcitizens.org/petrov2.html

"War Games: Soviets, Fearing Western Attack, Prepared for Worst in '83" Kennedy Bruce, CNN, CNN,

19 December 2008. Web, 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20081219114101/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/22/spotlight/