churning of vedic knowledge

8/10/2019 Churning of Vedic Knowledge

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vvvv\\\\idk)anmN7nm,idk)anmN7nm,idk)anmN7nm,idk)anmN7nm,

VaidikaVaidikaVaidikaVaidika----J};naJ};naJ};naJ};na----ManthanamManthanamManthanamManthanam

The Churning of Vedic KnowledgeThe Churning of Vedic KnowledgeThe Churning of Vedic KnowledgeThe Churning of Vedic Knowledge

by Detlef Eichlerby Detlef Eichlerby Detlef Eichlerby Detlef Eichler

jy gu_devJai Guru Dev

aTmvedivZvb` ymaTma b`\v ih aTma Ev Id.svom, aTm\ved.svoimit

;tma-veda-vi


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h.b`aiSm inTyaeDh. t(vmis b`\v Tvm,pu_xaeDh.p`it p[omd/ p[oimdm,

aha] brahm;smi nityo 'ha] tat tvam asi brahmaiva tvam ,puru>o 'ha] prak_ti< ca p/r[am ada| p/r[am idam 2

2. I am Brahman, Totality. I am eternal. Thou art That. Thou, indeed, art Brahman. Iam Puru>a (silence) and I am also Prak_ti (dynamism). That is full and this is full.

2a. B_had;ra[yaka U. 1.4.10 - brahma v; idam agra ;s\t, tad ;tm;nam ev;vet,ahamahamahamahambrahm;smbrahm;smbrahm;smbrahm;sm\\\\titititi::::tasm;t tat sarvam abhavat. Brahman, indeed, was this in the beginning. Itknew itself only as 'I am Brahman'. Therefore it became all. - ya eva] veda, ahambrahm;sm\ti, sa ida] sarvam bhavati. Whoever knows thus, 'I am Brahman', becomes thisall.

2b. Ch.U. 6.8.7, 9.4, 10.3, 11.3, 12.3, 13.3, 14.3, 15.3, 16.3 - sa ya e>o '[im;, aitad-;tmyamida] sarva], tat satyam, sa ;tm;: tat tvam asitat tvam asitat tvam asitat tvam asi, a|, aham, prak_ti|, ca

2d. B_had;ra[yaka U. 5.1.1 - p/r[am ada|, p/r[am idamp/r[am ada|, p/r[am idamp/r[am ada|, p/r[am idamp/r[am ada|, p/r[am idam, p/r[;t p/r[am udacyate,p/r[asya p/r[am ;d;ya p/r[am ev;vayate. That is full, this is full. From fullness,fullness comes out. Taking fullness from fullness, what remains is fullness.

sv>qluId.b` j]vaeb`\v napr/ aTma Ev Id.sv> sidanNdsagr/

sarva] khalu ida] brahma j\vo brahmaiva n;para| ,;tm; eva ida] sarva] sac-cid-;nanda-s;gara| 3

3. All this world indeed is Brahman. J\va, the individual self, is nothing other thanBrahman. @tm;, the ocean of absolute bliss consciousness, Sat-Cit-@nanda, isindeed all this world.

3a. Ch.U. 3.14.1 - sarva] khalv ida] brahmasarva] khalv ida] brahmasarva] khalv ida] brahmasarva] khalv ida] brahma, tajjal;n iti,


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which he breathes. Tranquil, one should meditate on it (â{kara: ja = beginning, la =ending, an = continuing).

3b. Brahmaj};naval\m;l; Stotra of a{kara 18 - brahma satya] jagan mithy;jjjj\\\\vovovovobrahmaiva n;para|brahmaiva n;para|brahmaiva n;para|brahmaiva n;para|, anena vedya] sac-ch;stram iti ved;nta-%i[%ima|. "Brahman is theReality. The world is an illusion. The individuel self is nothing other than Brahman. Thatby which this Truth is known is the truest science, the Science of sciences," thus roarsVed;nta.

3d. sat-cit-;nanda-s;gara|. The ocean of Sat-cit-;nanda

pìt.SvamvWy ivsOjaim pun/ pun/

yaegS7/ _ kmaoi bà wvit sari7/

prak_ti] sv;m ava>$abhya vis_j;mi puna| puna| ,yogastha| kuru karm;[i brahm; bhavati s;rathi| 4

4. Curving back to my own Nature I create again and again. Established in Yoga, inUnity, perform action. Brahm;, the cosmic intelligence, will become the charioteerof all your undertakings.

4ab. Bhagavad G\t; 9.8 -prak_ti] sv;m ava>$abhya vis_j;mi puna| puna|prak_ti] sv;m ava>$abhya vis_j;mi puna| puna|prak_ti] sv;m ava>$abhya vis_j;mi puna| puna|prak_ti] sv;m ava>$abhya vis_j;mi puna| puna|, bh/ta-gr;mamimam k_tsnam ava


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5. In the presence of such a man there will be absence of enmity. Avert the dangerwhich has not yet arisen. This is the highest duty. The protected Dharma, Natural

Law, will protect you.5a. Yoga S/tra 2.35 - ahi]s;-prati>$h;y;]tattattattat----sannidhau vairasannidhau vairasannidhau vairasannidhau vaira----ty;ga|ty;ga|ty;ga|ty;ga|.Where non-injury isestablished, in the vicinity of that, hostile tendencies are eliminated.

5b. YS 2.16 -heya] du|kam an;gatamheya] du|kam an;gatamheya] du|kam an;gatamheya] du|kam an;gatam. Avert the danger which has not yet come.

5c. Garu%a Pur;[a -aya] hi paramo dharmoaya] hi paramo dharmoaya] hi paramo dharmoaya] hi paramo dharmoyad yogen;tma-dar


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7. The sounds of the Veda are the fluctuations of the Self. Veda is the name. The

universe is the form. As in the human body, so in the universe. I am the Veda. I amthe universe.

7c. Unknown source -yath; pi[%e tath; brahm;[%eyath; pi[%e tath; brahm;[%eyath; pi[%e tath; brahm;[%eyath; pi[%e tath; brahm;[%e.

7d. Taittir\ya U. 3.10.5 - aha] via|para| sa]nikar>a|para| sa]nikar>a|sa]hit;sa]hit;sa]hit;sa]hit;. Theclosest proximity of letters is called Sa]hit;.

aidrNTyen sheta iGnmsit s.ihta fmoe0e_e0e f`uva n]itmoitmom

;dir antyena sahet; agnim asati sa]hit; ,dharma-k>etre kuru-k>etre dhruv; n\tir matir mama 9

9. The first together with the last 'it' includes everything what is in between. 'agnim

asati' is the two-word-expression of the whole #gveda-Sa]hit;. 'In the field ofDharma, Natural Law, on Kuruk>etra, there is firm righteousness. This is myconviction'.

9a. PS 1.1.71 - ;dir antyena sahet;;dir antyena sahet;;dir antyena sahet;;dir antyena sahet;(saha it;). An initial letter with a final it letter is the nameof itself and the intervening letters.

9b. RV 1.1.1 - agnimagnimagnimagnim\le purohita] yaj}asya devam _tvijam, hot;ra] ratna-dh;tamam. RV10.191.4 - sam;n\ va ;k/ti| sam;n; h_day;ni va|, sam;nam astu vo mano yath; va|susah;sati (susaha asatiasatiasatiasati).


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9c. Bh.G. 1.1 - dharmadharmadharmadharma----k>etre kuruk>etre kuruk>etre kuruk>etre kuru----k>ek>ek>ek>etretretretre samavet; yuyutsava|, m;mak;| p;[%ava< caivakim akurvata sa]jaya. Assembled on the field of Dharma, O Sa]jaya, on the field of theKurus, eager to fight, what did my people and the P;[%avas do?

9d. Bh.G. 18.78 - yatra yoge[o yatra p;rtho dhanurdhara|, tatra [a, the Lord of Yoga, wherever is P;rtha,the wielder of the bow, there is prosperity, victory, expansion and sound policy. Such ismy conviction.

7 paiin s[0ai vOi$rad\c, Iit ptilmhawaXym, 7 zBdanuzasnm,

atha p;[ini-s/tr;[i v_ddhir ;d aic a a iti ,pata}jali-mah;bh;>yam atha


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11c. PS 1.4.14 - supsupsupsup----ti{ti{ti{ti{----anta] padamanta] padamanta] padamanta] padam. 4.1.1 - {y-;p-pr;tipadik;t. 4.1.2 - svsvsvsvau jas am au$ cha>$; bhy;m bhis {e bhy;m bhyas {asi bhy;m bhyas {as os ;m {y os supppp. PS 3.4.77 -lasya. 3.4.78 - titititip tas jhi sip thas tha mib vas mas t;t;] jha th;s ;th;] dhvam i% vahimahi{{{{.

ptilyaegs[0m, 7 yaeganuzasnm,d`u/ Sv+peDvS7anm, 0 icitziirit

pata}jali-yoga-s/tram atha yog;nu$u| svar/pe 'vasth;nam atra citi-;sanamatha yog;nu>;sanamatha yog;nu>;sanamatha yog;nu>;sanam.

12c. YS 1.3 -tad; dra>$u| svar/pe 'vasth;namtad; dra>$u| svar/pe 'vasth;namtad; dra>$u| svar/pe 'vasth;namtad; dra>$u| svar/pe 'vasth;nam.

12d. YS 4.34 - puru>;rtha-$h;v; citiciticiticiti----


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v;lm\ki-yogav;si>$ham advaita-ved;nta-s;ram ,vair;gya-mumuk>/tpatti sthity-upa$au sam;n;k>ar;[y ;dita|a>$au sam;n;k>ar;[y ;dita|a>$au sam;n;k>ar;[y ;dita|. - (a, ;, _, X, i, \, u, /)

16d. RP 2.1 -sa]hit; padasa]hit; padasa]hit; padasa]hit; pada----prak_ti|prak_ti|prak_ti|prak_ti|. Nirukta 1.17 - pada-prak_ti| sa]hit;

pra pZyNt] mFyma v\qr] vaKpdain ih aTma bui$monStt IiNdyivxy/ =mat,

par; paaya| kram;t 17

17. Par;, Pa


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17. RV 1.164.45 - #>i|: D\rghatam; Aucathya|, Devat;: V;k, Chanda|: Tri>$up - catv;riv;kv;kv;kv;kparimit;pad;nipad;nipad;nipad;ni t;ni vidur br;hma[; ye man\>i[a|, guh; tr\[i nihit; ne{gayantitur\ya] v;co manu>y; vadanti. Speech has been measured out in four divisions, theBr;hmans, who have understanding know them. Three kept in close concealment causeno motion, of speech, men speak only the fourth division. - Names of Mother Divine from^r\-Lalit;mbik;-Sahasran;ma-Stotra: Par;Par;Par;Par;(366), Paar;[;m ak;ro 'smik>ar;[;m ak;ro 'smik>ar;[;m ak;ro 'smi dva]dva| s;m;sikasya ca, aham ev;k>aya| k;lodh;t;ha] viad) 3.2.3 - chanda| puru>a iti yam avoc;m;k>ara-

sam;mn;ya eva tasyaitasy;k;ro (tasya etasyaak;roak;roak;roak;ro

)rasa|rasa|rasa|rasa|

. That which we have called theChandas-puru>a is the collection of letters. It's essence is the letter 'a'.

aer]yaNmhtae mh]yanaTma pu_x/ JyaeitXmt] p)a s\x RtMwra t0 p)a

a[or a[\y;n mahato mah\y;n ;tm; puru>a| ,jyoti>mat\ praj}; sai>a _tambhar; tatra praj}; 19


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19. The Self is smaller than the smallest and bigger than the biggest. This is Puru>a.This is consciousness full of light. There is the intellect which knows only the truth.

19ab. Ka$ha U. 1.2.20 - a[ora[a[ora[a[ora[a[ora[\\\\y;n mahato mahy;n mahato mahy;n mahato mahy;n mahato mah\\\\y;n ;tm;y;n ;tm;y;n ;tm;y;n ;tm;'sya jantor nihito guh;y;m, tamakratu| pamatjyoti>mat\\\\. Or by the experience of inner light, which is free fromsorrow.

19d. YS 1.48 - _tambhar; tatra praj};_tambhar; tatra praj};_tambhar; tatra praj};_tambhar; tatra praj};. There resides the intellect which knows only the truth.

ydOixdevta6Nds, tdOKs.ihtalm,RGved/ zu$cetna )atO)an)ey\kta

yad _>i-devat;-chandas tad _k-sa]hit;-lak>a[am ,_g-veda| i, Devat;, and Chandas are the characteristic of #gveda-Sa]hit;. #gveda ispure consciousness, the unity of the knower, the process of knowing, and theknown.

RKsamyjur7vo ctuveoda fmom[lm,iza kLpaeVyakr. in_.6NdaeJyaeitxm,

_k-s;ma-yajur-atharva - catur-ved; dharma-m/lam ,; kalpo vy;kara[a] nirukta] chando jyoti>am 21

'`a.hSta\muqmev. -ae0.pada\cu/ =mat,

Iit x2?edSya|ain taNyuCyNtet7a buf\/ ghr;[a] hastau mukham eva] u| kram;t ,iti >a%-vedasy;{g;ni t;ny ucyante tath; budhai| 22

21-22. #gveda, S;maveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda are the four Vedas. Theyare the source of Natural Law. Then follow ^ik>;, Kalpa, Vy;kara[a, Nirukta,Chandas, and Jyoti>a. The sages call them the limbs of the Veda. They represent thenose, the two hands, the mouth, the ear, the two feets, and the eye respectively.


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21-30. 40 areas of Veda and Vedic Literature according to Maharishi's Vedic Science.

21b. Manu Sm_ti 2.6 - vedo 'khilo dharmadharmadharmadharma----m/lamm/lamm/lamm/lam sm_ti-$ir eva ca. The whole Veda is the source of Dharma, next thetradition (Sm_ti) and the virtuous conduct of those who know the Veda, also the customsof holy men, and (finally) self-satisfaction.

21c-22b. P;[ini ^ik>; 41-42:chanda| p;dauchanda| p;dauchanda| p;dauchanda| p;dautu vedasya hastau kalpohastau kalpohastau kalpohastau kalpo'tha pa$hyate,jyoti>;mjyoti>;mjyoti>;mjyoti>;mayana] cak>ur nirukta] ur nirukta] ur nirukta] ur nirukta]


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M;dhava-Nidh;na or Rugvini


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28. Upani>ad, @ra[yaka, and Br;hma[a which has( besides Mantra) the nameVeda. Itih;sa, Pur;[a, and Sm_ti are at the end of this group.

28b. @pastamba-Paribh;>a-S/tra 31 - mantra-br;ma[ayor vedavedavedaveda----n;man;man;man;ma-dheyam. Mantra andBr;hma[a together constitute Veda.

7at/ pàitzaQyain ctuvoedyuain ih RGvajsney7vo pàitzaQyaNygè0ym,

ath;ta| pr;ti


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31. In an unbroken flow of speech (Sa]hit;) Vowel-Sandhi takes place. One for theprevious and the following letter: 1. Gu[a replaces a or ; and a following vowel. 2.

V_ddhi replaces a or ; and a following diphtong. 3. A long vowel replaces a simplevowel and a following homogenous vowel.

31-41. VowelVowelVowelVowel----Sandhi according to P;[ini and #gvedaSandhi according to P;[ini and #gvedaSandhi according to P;[ini and #gvedaSandhi according to P;[ini and #gveda----Pr;ti


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32a. PS 1.1.2 - ad e{ gu[a|ad e{ gu[a|ad e{ gu[a|ad e{ gu[a|. Short a, e, and o are called Gu[a. - Pratyah;ra e{ = e, o (see 11a,îva S/tras). at = a + it letter 't' = short a. PS 1.1.70 ta-paras tat-k;lasya.PS 1.1.1 -v_ddhir ;d aicv_ddhir ;d aicv_ddhir ;d aicv_ddhir ;d aic. ;, ai, and au are called V_ddhi. - Pratyah;ra aic = ai, au (see 11a,îva S/tras). ;t = ; + it letter 't' = long ;.

32b. PS 1.1.51 - ur a[ raur a[ raur a[ raur a[ ra----para|para|para|para|. A vowel represented by the Pratyah;ra a[ (a, ;, i, \, u, /)substituted in the place of _ or X is automatically followed by r. - u| = >a>$h\ vibhakti(genitive) ekavacan; (singular) of _. A genitive ending signifies the relation 'in the placeof'. PS 1.1.49 - >a>th\ sth;ne-yog;.

32cd. Examples: Mahea + Uttama. - The case of these words is Sambodhana-pratham;

(Nominative of address, Vocative).

aTma Ev Id.svom, aTm\ved.svoimit pu_x U9m bn, mha RxenmaeDStute

;tm; eva ida] sarvam ;tmaiveda] sarvam iti ,puru>a uttama brahman mah; _>e namo 'stu te 33

33. ';tm; eva idam sarvam' becomes ';tmaiveda] sarvam'. Puru>a Uttama!Brahman! Mah; #>i! Salutation to you!

33ab. ;tm; + eva;tm; + eva;tm; + eva;tm; + eva= ;tmaiva. ;tmaiva + idam = ;tmaivedam;tmaivedam;tmaivedam;tmaivedam.

33cd. Puru>a + UttamaPuru>a + UttamaPuru>a + UttamaPuru>a + Uttama= Puru>ottama. Mah; + #>eMah; + #>eMah; + #>eMah; + #>e= Mahar>e.

mhixo/ s.St U. zakLySy mhRix/ Rkar Udyek3Ya\ kar.tdud,gàhvt,

mahar>i| sa]sk_ta ukta] i| ,_k;ra udaye ka[$hyau ak;ra] tad udgr;havat 34

34. In Sanskrit one says 'Mahar>i', but according to S;kalya (in the Vedic language)'Maha_>i'. a or ; followed by _ are replaced by a. This Sandhi has the nameUdgr;havat.

34b. PS 6.1.128 - _ty aka| (^;kalyasya^;kalyasya^;kalyasya^;kalyasya, hrasva|, prak_ty;). According to the opinion of^;kalya, a simple vowel (ak) followed by _ retains its original form, and if the simplevowel is long, it is shortened. Example: MahMahMahMaha_>i|a_>i|a_>i|a_>i|= Mah; + #>i|.


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34cd. RP 2.32 - _k;ra udaye ka[$hy;v ak;ra] tad udgr;havat_k;ra udaye ka[$hy;v ak;ra] tad udgr;havat_k;ra udaye ka[$hy;v ak;ra] tad udgr;havat_k;ra udaye ka[$hy;v ak;ra] tad udgr;havat. The Sandhi 'a,; + _ = a_' has thename Udgr;havat. - Udgr;havat = 'like Udgr;ha'. Udgr;ha Sandhi causes the change ofa|, e, and o to a before a following vowel.

n praeb` Ev j]vaeb`\v napr/ t.y).bihoix pa\n, mha\xifimC6aMyhm,

na aparo brahma eva j\vo brahmaiva n;para| ,ta] yaj}a] barhi>i prauk>an mahau>adhim icch;my aham 35

35. 'na aparo brahma eva' becomes 'j\vo brahmaiva n;para|'. 'tam yaj}a] barhi>iprauk>an' (pra + auk>an). 'mahau>adhim icch;my aham' (mah; + o>adhim).

35ab. More examples: na + apara|na + apara|na + apara|na + apara|= n;para|n;para|n;para|n;para|. brahma + eva = brahmaivabrahma + eva = brahmaivabrahma + eva = brahmaivabrahma + eva = brahmaiva. - see 3b.

35c. RV 10.90.7 - ta] yaj}a] barhi>i prauk>anta] yaj}a] barhi>i prauk>anta] yaj}a] barhi>i prauk>anta] yaj}a] barhi>i prauk>an puru>a] j;tam agrata|, tena dev; ayajantas;dhy; _>aya< ca ye. That Puru>a, born in the beginning, they besprinkled as a sacrifice onthe strew. With him the gods, the S;dhyas, and the seers sacrificed. Pada P;$ha (word-text): tam, yaj}am, barhi>i, pra, auk>antam, yaj}am, barhi>i, pra, auk>antam, yaj}am, barhi>i, pra, auk>antam, yaj}am, barhi>i, pra, auk>an, puru>am, j;tam, agrata|, tena, dev;|, ayajanta,s;dhy;|, _>aya|, ca, ye. - root (uk>) = sprinkle.

35d. mahau>adhim icch;my aham. I wish (to find) a great herb. mah; + o>adhim.

smanaresS7ane d]'omekmuweSvrm,Ikaraedy Ekarm, kar/ saedySt7a

sam;n;k>are sasth;ne d\rgham ekam ubhe svaram ,ik;rodaya ek;ram ak;ra| sodayas tath; 36

Ukaraedy aekar. preXv\karmaejyae/ a\kar.yuGmyaerete p`iZla nam s.fy/

uk;rodaya ok;ra] pare>vaik;ram ojayo| ,auk;ra] yugmayor ete pra$; n;ma sa]dhaya| 37

36.-37. Two simple vowels coming together and having the same place ofarticulation, both are replaced by one long vowel. The letter a or ; and thefollowing letter i or \ are both replaced by the letter e. If the following letter is u or/ then the replacement is the letter o. If e or ai follows a or ; then the letter aireplaces both vowels. If o or au follows then the replacement is the letter au. TheseSandhis have the name Pra$a.


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36-37. RP 2.15 - sam;n;k>are sasth;ne dsam;n;k>are sasth;ne dsam;n;k>are sasth;ne dsam;n;k>are sasth;ne d\\\\rgham ekam ubhe svaramrgham ekam ubhe svaramrgham ekam ubhe svaramrgham ekam ubhe svaram(see 31d notes). RP 2.16 -ik;roik;roik;roik;rodaya ek;ram ak;ra| sodaya|daya ek;ram ak;ra| sodaya|daya ek;ram ak;ra| sodaya|daya ek;ram ak;ra| sodaya|. RP 2.17 - tath;, uk;rodaya ok;ramtath;, uk;rodaya ok;ramtath;, uk;rodaya ok;ramtath;, uk;rodaya ok;ram (see31c notes). RP 2.18 -pare>vaik;ram ojayo|pare>vaik;ram ojayo|pare>vaik;ram ojayo|pare>vaik;ram ojayo|. RP 2.19 - auk;ra] yugmayo|auk;ra] yugmayo|auk;ra] yugmayo|auk;ra] yugmayo|(see 31c notes). RP 2.20 - ete pra$;ete pra$;ete pra$;ete pra$;n;ma sa]dhya|n;ma sa]dhya|n;ma sa]dhya|n;ma sa]dhya|. These Sandhis (2.15-19) have the name Pra$a (1. a,; + a,; = ;, i,\ + i,\ =\, u,/ + u,/ = /, _,X + _,X = X. 2. a,; + i,\ = e, a,; + u,/ = o. 3. a,; + e,ai = ai, a,; + o,au =au.).

Ikaeyc]it s.if/ Sva\Yaes,sup/ SmraMyhm,sv>qiLvd.bèit aTmNyev qluIdm,

iko ya[ ac\ti sa]dhi| svau {yos supa| smar;my aham ,

sarva] khalv ida] brahmeti ;tmany eva khalu idam 3838. Now the Sandhi in which the pratyah;ra ik (i, \, u, /, _, X, *) followed by ac (avowel) is replaced by the corresponding semivowel ya[ (y, v, r, l). As examples Iremember the case endings svau (su + au) and {yos ({i + os). Other examples are:'sarva] khalvidam brahmeti' and ';tmanyeva khalu idam'.

38a. PS 6.1.77 - iko ya[ aciiko ya[ aciiko ya[ aciiko ya[ aci(sa]hit;y;m). - ika| = >a>$h\ (genitive) of ik signifying 'in theplace of ik'. aci = saptam\ (locative) of ac signifying 'in the place before ac'. PS 1.1.66 -tasminn iti nirdi>$e purvasya. - ik, ya[, and ac are Pratyah;ras (see 11a notes, îva S/tras).

38b. Examples: PS 4.1.2 - sv ausv ausv ausv aujas ... {y os sup. Pratham; Vibhakti (Nominative) = (su, au,jas) = (ekavacan;, dvivacan;, bahuvacan;) = (singular, dual, plural). Saptam\ (Locative) =({i, os, sup).

38cd. Ch.U. 3.14.1 - sarva] khalvida] ( = khalu + idam) brahmasarva] khalvida] ( = khalu + idam) brahmasarva] khalvida] ( = khalu + idam) brahmasarva] khalvida] ( = khalu + idam) brahma(see 3a notes). - ;tmanyeva;tmanyeva;tmanyeva;tmanyeva=;tmani + eva. In the Self, indeed.

smanarmNtS7a. Svamk3Y.Svraedym,n smanareSveSve te\pà/ pàtaedya/

sam;n;k>aram antasth;] sv;m aka[$hya] svarodayam ,na sam;n;k>are sve sve te k>aipr;| pr;k_today;| 39

39. A simple vowel, except a or ;, which is followed by a vowel, is replaced by thecorresponding semivowel. But not when two homogeneous simple vowels cometogether. These Sandhis have the name K>aipra, in which the following letterremains unchanged.


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39. RP 2.21 - sam;n;k>aram antasth;] sv;m aka[$hy;] svarodayamsam;n;k>aram antasth;] sv;m aka[$hy;] svarodayamsam;n;k>aram antasth;] sv;m aka[$hy;] svarodayamsam;n;k>aram antasth;] sv;m aka[$hy;] svarodayam. RP 2.22 - na sam;n;k>arena sam;n;k>arena sam;n;k>arena sam;n;k>aresve svesve svesve svesve sve. RP 2.23 - te k>aipr;| pr;k_today;|te k>aipr;| pr;k_today;|te k>aipr;| pr;k_today;|te k>aipr;| pr;k_today;|. VP 4.45 - svare bh;vy anta|sth;m. A vowelcalled bh;vin becomes a semivowel when a vowel follows. 1.46 - aka[$hyo bh;v\. A vowelother than a guttural one (i.e. excepting a,;) is called bh;vin. TP 10.15 - ivar[ok;rau ya-va-k;rau. An i-vowel (i, \) and u becomes respectively y and v. CA 4.39 - svare n;mino'nta|sth;. Before a vowel, an alterant vowel becomes a semivowel.

EcaeDyvayav/ s.ifr, laep/ zakLySyeit Vyae/ E/ pdaNtadt]it td,inyms[0.ivi$

eco 'yav;y;va| sa]dhir lopa| $u| svar/pe 'vasth;namdra>$u| svar/pe 'vasth;nam(see 12c). - PS 6.1.109.

41b. RV 1.164.39 - ...ya ittadvidusta imeya ittadvidusta imeya ittadvidusta imeya ittadvidusta imesam;sate (see 18a). Pada-P;$ha (word-text): ... ye, it,tat, vidus, te, ime, sam, ;sate. - PS 6.1.78 and 8.3.19.


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41c. Kena U. 3.4 - tad abhyadravat, tam abhyavadat ko 's\ti,agnir v; aham asmagnir v; aham asmagnir v; aham asmagnir v; aham asm\\\\tytytytyabrav\t,j;taved; v; aham asm\ti. He hastened towards it and it said to him, 'Who art thou?' (Agni)replied, 'I am Agni indeed, I am J;tavedas.' - vai + aham = v;yaham = v; aham (PS 6.1.78,8.3.19).

41d. Ch.U. 6.16.3 - sa yath; tatra n; d;hyeta aitad-;tmyam ida] sarva], tat satya], sa;tm;, tat tvam asi, vedaTp`isFyit apauru>eya] nitya] ca veda] vidur man\>i[a| ,

bh/ta] bhavya] bhavi>ya] ca sarva] ved;t prasidhyati 42

42. The #>is know Veda as non man made and eternal. Past, present, and future,everything is produced from Veda.

42cd. Manu Sm_ti 12.97 - c;turvar[ya] trayo lok;< catv;ra< c;ya] ca sarva] ved;t prasidhyatibhavya] bhavi>ya] ca sarva] ved;t prasidhyatibhavya] bhavi>ya] ca sarva] ved;t prasidhyatibhavya] bhavi>ya] ca sarva] ved;t prasidhyati. The four castes, the three worlds, the fourorders, the past, the present and the future, everything is produced from Veda.

zaNt.izvm#\t.c ctu7>mNyNt Iit s AaTma s iv)eyaeih s vedaeivZv.b` c


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peaceful, the benign, the non-dual, such, they think, is the fourth quarter. He is the Self.He is to be known.

saeDmOtTv.s p)an. saeDhimit t(vmhm,Ahimd.sv>b` neh nanaiSt ik.cn

so 'm_tatva] sa praj};na] so 'ham iti tattvamaham ,aham ida] sarva] brahma neha n;n;sti ki] cana 44

44. That is immortality. That is consciousness and intelligence. That I am. I am thatReality. I am all this world. I am Brahman. Not is any difference here.

44a. Aitareya U. 3.1.3 praj};na] brahmapraj};na] brahmapraj};na] brahmapraj};na] brahma. Consciousness is Brahman.

44d. Ka$ha U. 2.1.11 manasevedam ;ptavya] neha n;n;sti ki}cananeha n;n;sti ki}cananeha n;n;sti ki}cananeha n;n;sti ki}cana, m_tyo| sa m_tyu]gacchati ya iha n;neva pa


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45cd. ChS 3.1 - p;da|p;da|p;da|p;da|. 2 -iyiyiyiy----;di;di;di;di----p/ra[a|p/ra[a|p/ra[a|p/ra[a|. 3 - g;yatry; vasag;yatry; vasag;yatry; vasag;yatry; vasava|va|va|va|. 4 - jagaty; ;dity;|. 5 -vir;jo di$ubho rudr;|.

Ioi2yaen[tn\_t yd| dazuxetuvm,vafoman.suvedme scSva n/ suvStye

\%iyo n/tanair uta yad a{ga d;e tuvam ,v;rdham;na] suve dame sacasv; na| suvastaye 46

46. '\%iyo (for \%yo) n/tanairuta'. 'yada{ga d;e tuvam (for tvam)'.'vardham;na] suve (for sve) dame'. 'sacasv; na| suvastaye (for svastaye)'.

46. ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamplesfor ChS 3.2 (Restoring incomplete P;dasRestoring incomplete P;dasRestoring incomplete P;dasRestoring incomplete P;das):

46a. RV 1.1.2 - agni| p/rvebhir _>ibhir \\\\%iyo n/tanairuta%iyo n/tanairuta%iyo n/tanairuta%iyo n/tanairuta, sa dev;] eha vak>ati. - Thesecond P;da with '\%yo' has only 7 syllables.

46b. RV 1.1.6 - yada{ga d;e tuvamyada{ga d;e tuvamyada{ga d;e tuvamyada{ga d;e tuvam agne bhadra] kari>yasi, tavet tat satyama{gira|. -The first P;da with 'tvam' has only 7 syllables.

46c. RV 1.1.8 r;jantamadhvar;[aam gop;m_tasya d\divim, vardham;na] suve damevardham;na] suve damevardham;na] suve damevardham;na] suve dame. - Thethird P;da with 'sve' has only 7 syllables. Also the first P;da with 'adhvar;[;m' has only

7 syllables. - A Vedic Grammar For Students, A. Macdonell, page 437: 'The long vowel ofthe gen. pl. ending ;m must often be pronounced as equivalent to two short syllables.' - ASanskrit Reader, Ch. Lanman, Notes to Page 69, 15-16: 'We may pronounce adhvar;na;m,or leave the p;da catalectic.'

46d. RV 1.1.9 sa na| piteva s/nave agne s/p;yano bhava, sacasv; na| suvastayesacasv; na| suvastayesacasv; na| suvastayesacasv; na| suvastaye. - Thesecond P;da with 'gne has only 7 syllables. Also the third P;da with 'svastaye'.

AnuBvK0padSy y ctu7oaTpya yujaej,

t7a ramayZlaekae vaLm]ikkivna t/ anu>$ub-vaktra-p;dasya ya caturth;t pathy; yujo j ,tath; r;m;ya[a-$ubh metre Vaktra the Ga[a y follows the fourthsyllable. This metre has the name Pathy; if the Ga[a j is placed after the fourthsyllable of the even P;das (two and four). This is the ^loka of R;m;ya[a cognized

by the Kavi V;lm\ki.


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47ab. ChS 5.9 -p;dasy;nu>$ubp;dasy;nu>$ubp;dasy;nu>$ubp;dasy;nu>$ub----vaktramvaktramvaktramvaktram. 10 - na pratham;t snau. 11 - dvit\ya-caturthayo raya of Hal;yudha on Pi{gala S/tra 1.1 - ;di-madhy;vas;ne>u yayayaya----rararara----t;t;t;t;y;ntil;ghavam, bhabhabhabha----jajajaja----s;s;s;s;gaurava] y;nti mamamama----naunaunaunautu guru-l;ghavam. - (ya, ra, ta) = (lgg, glg,ggl). (bha, ja, sa) = (gll, lgl, llg). (ma, na) = (ggg, lll).

48bcd. ChS 5.17 - vipul; yugla| saptama|vipul; yugla| saptama|vipul; yugla| saptama|vipul; yugla| saptama|. 18 - sarvata| saitavasyasarvata| saitavasyasarvata| saitavasyasarvata| saitavasya. 19 - bhrau ntau cabhrau ntau cabhrau ntau cabhrau ntau ca.

p`yakaleDip c ma. teivduyuocets/ fOketu eiktan/ kaizraj v]yovan,

pray;[a-k;le 'pi ca m;] te vidur yukta-cetasa| ,dh_>$aketu< cekit;na| k;$aketu< cekit;na|k;


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aha] k_tsnasya jagata| prabhava| pralayas tath; ,dharm;viruddho bh/te>u k;mo 'smi bharatar>abha 50

50. 'aha] k_tsnasya jagata| prabhava| pralayas tath;'. 'dharm;viruddho bh/te>uk;mo 'smi bharatar>abha'.

50ab. Bh.G. 7.6 - na Vipul;: (xxxx lllx xxxx lglx).

50cd. Bh.G. 7.11 - ma Vipul;: (xxxx gggx xxxx lglx). - not mentioned by Pi{gala.

INd`vj`a ta\Jga\igit Aa!Ntavupjaty/ jgt] v.zS7a Jta\Jra\ sa\saivit ya\yaivit

indra-vajr; tau j-gau g iti ;dy-ant;v upaj;taya| ,jagat\ va]$ubh metre Indravajr; is defined through t, t, j, g, and g. Combinationsof Indravajr; and Upendravajr; P;das are called Upaj;ti. The Jagat\ metreVa]$ubh metre Indravajr;: (ggl ggl lgl gg).

16 - upendravajr; j-tau j-gau g. - Tri>$ubh metre Upendravajr;: (lgl ggl lgl gg). 17 -;dy;dy;dy;dy----ant;v upaj;taya|ant;v upaj;taya|ant;v upaj;taya|ant;v upaj;taya|. - Tri>$ubh metre Upaj;ti consists of mixed P;das of Indravajr; (i) andUpendravajr;(u). - Example for Upaj;ti (i u u i):Bh.G. 2.22 - v;s;]si j\r[;ni yath; vih;ya nav;ni g_h[;ti naro 'par;[i,tath;


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sragvi[\ g;-la-g; cinmay\ j};nad;

churning of vedic knowledge

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