CHURCH HISTORY IICHURCH HISTORY IILesson 8Lesson 8

Church HistoryOctober 26, 2008

The Anglican Reformation

Apostolic Church

Apostolic Fathers

Church Councils

Church History

Ca. 30AD 590 AD 1517 AD

Golden Age of Church Fathers

Reformation & Counter Reformation

Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism

Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism

?

Ancient Church History Medieval Church History Modern Church History

The Pre-Reformers

The First Medieval Pope

The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire

The Crusades

The Papacy in Decline

Roman Catholic Church

Luth

eran

Ang

lican

Ref

orm

ed

Ana

bapt

ist

Met

hodi

st

Gen

eral

Bap

tist

Pre

sbyt

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n

1517

1520’s

1530’s

1560

1525

1787

1612

The Protestant Reformation

Common Beliefs1. Salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ2. Religious authority is Scripture.3. Church is the priesthood of believers.

Lutheran Reformed Anglican Anabaptist

Martin Luther1483-1545

Ulrich Zwingli1484-1531

John Calvin1509-1564

John Knox1513-1572

Elizabeth I1558-1603

Conrad Grebel1448-1526

Germany Switzerland Scotland England NorthernEurope

15171523

1536

1525

1560

1563

Anglican High Church (Arminian)

Evangelical Low Church

Ang

lican

s 15

34

Roman Catholics

The Development of English Protestantism

(Calvinistic)State Church

Puritans

Sep

arat

ist

CongregationalistsIndependents

Presbyterians

4 Roots of the Anglican Reformation

1. John Wycliffe (1320-84) & the Lollards

2. The Rise of a Strong National State

3. The Effect of the Biblical Humanists

4. Luther’s Writings Circulating in England

Henry VIII

Henry VII 1457-1509

Able AdministratorDeveloped a Nationalistic FervorArranged Political Marriages for Children

Strategic Royal Marriages

Margaret – James of ScotlandArthur – Catherine of AragonHenry – Catherine of Aragon

VV

Henry VIII 1491-1547Reign (1509-1547)

HandsomeStrongCulturedGood MusicianCould speak-Latin, French, Spanish, & EnglishEnjoyed chase, archery, tennisStrong theological knowledge

Wrote The Seven Sacraments“Defender of the Faith”

EgotisticalObstinateGiven to fitful acts of terror

Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella of SpainMarried to ArthurMarried to Henry VIII for 24 yearsShe bore 6 children, only 1 survived infancy, Mary; No male heir

The Direct Cause of the ReformationNo male heir from marriage with Catherine

God was punishing him for marrying his brother’s wife

Cardinal Wolsey order to negotiate with Pope Clement VIIfor a divorce

Wolsey fails because Clement under the control of Charles V,Catherine’s nephew. Wolsey will die on his way to execution.

Thomas Cromwell, chief minister to Henry, Thomas Cranmer,Archbishop of Canterbury – get control of English clergy.

In 1531- Henry accused the clergy of violating a statute prohibitingrecognition of any appointee of the pope without the King’s consent. Cardinal Wolsey

Henry then forced the clergy to accept him as the head of the church“as far as the law of Christ allows” and fined them.

In 1532, levies $, he called them together again and forced them toagree to the Submission of the Clergy – No papal bull enforced

In 1533, he divorces Catherine and marries Anne

Acts of ParliamentParliament Passes the following acts:

Prohibit residence of English clergy outside of the country

Forbid payment of annates to the pope

Prohibited appeals from church courts in Eng to papal courtsin Rome1534 – passed the Act of Supremacy of 1534 declaring theKing “the supreme head of the church of England”

Subjects were to take an oath to observe the statute & torepudiate papal authority. Thomas More refused

January 1533, Henry Marries Anne BoleynThomas Cranmer, Protestant Arch Bishop of Canterbury, pronounced Henry’s marriage to Catherine invalid, and on May 28 declared marriage to Anne Boleyn fully lawful. She is crowned queen on June 1, and gives birth to Elizabeth on September 7.Ten Articles – Protestant influenced doctrinal statement. November 1534 – Parliament passes the Supremacy Act – the King of England head of English Church. (no change in doctrine or form of worship, but governance)Over the next 4 years – Henry seizes catholic lands and gives to the middle class and landed gentry.May 1536 – tired of Anne Boleyn and unforgiving for no male heir, Henry accuses her of adultery and has her behead. 13 days later marries Jane Seymour

Jane gives birth to a male heir, but dies 12 days later.

Cromwell encourages Henry to marry Anne of Cleves for political reasons.This recommendation leads to Cromwell’s demise/death.

Marries Catherine Howard in August 1540. Charged rightly with adultery in November 1541 and beheaded January 1442. Catherine and her family and supporters were Catholic. Her ignominious end discredited Catholics and left protestants in a position to influence Edward when Henry dies.

Had Protestant leanings and supported theological reform of the church.She supported Archbishop Cramner and the protestants faction that would influence the young Edward VI when Henry VIII died.

Edward VI1537-1553

(reigned 1547-1553)

Since a boy king, country was ruled by protectors who favored ProtestantismParliament abolished harsh Law of Treason & HeresyRepealed the Six Articles ActRemoved all restrictions on printing, reading, & teaching of scripturesOrder administration of cup to the laityImages ordered removed from churchesMarriage of priests made legalAct of Uniformity – universal use of a book of common prayer in English42 Articles – doctrinal statement produces by Cranmer and influenced by KnoxDies at age 16 - tuberculosis

Mary Tudor1516-1558

(reign 1553-1558)

Sought to immediately repeal Protestant ReformsMarries Phillip II of SpainBegan persecution of Protestants, “Bloody Mary” Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas CranmerMany leading Protestants flee to the Continent & become influenced by continental reformers particularly Calvin in GenevaMary’s extreme reaction turned the English people from her – Spanish marriage, restoration of the pope, the persecution of English people

Five Characteristics of theEnglish Protestant Reformation

1. No dominant religious leader.

2. It was a gradual Protestantization of the English people.

3. God used secular (pagan?) catalysts to bring Reformation to England.

4. The vernacular Bible prepared people for the break with Rome.

5. No spiritual awakening among the people at all levels of society.