church crookham hampshire - cotswold archaeology€¦ · land at watery lane hampshire...

Land at Watery Lane Church Crookham

Hampshire

Archaeological Evaluation

for

Martin Grant Homes

CA Project: 770385 Report No. 16436

June 2016

Land at Watery Lane

Church Crookham Hampshire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 770385 CA Report: 16436

Document Control Grid

Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for revision

Approved by

A 27/07/16 M. Nichol Richard Greatorex

Internal review

General Edit Richard Greatorex

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third

party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology


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Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 5

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 6

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 10

4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 10

5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-22) ............................................................................... 12

6. THE FINDS ........................................................................................................ 31

7. THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ................................................... 32

8. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 33

9. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 38

10. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 38

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................... 40

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ............................................................................................. 82

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ....................................... 83

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 84

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)

Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features, services and Field 1-5

locations (1:2500)

Fig. 3 Field 1: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:750)





Fig. 8 Aerial mapping of Chequers Bridge Switch Line (circa 1946) show site location and

WW2 tank trap defence

Fig. 9 Illustration of Tank Proof Obstacles, Royal Engineers Manual (circa 1936)

Fig. 10 Field 2: Trench 90; plan, section & photograph (Pit 9003)

Fig. 11 Field 2: Trench 98; plan, section & photographs (Pit 9803)

Fig. 12 Field 3: Trench 55; plan, section & photographs (Posthole 5503 & Ditch 5505)


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Fig. 13 Field 3: Trench 59; plan, sections and photographs (Postholes 5909, 5915 & 5923)

Fig. 14 Field 4: Trench 31; plan, sections & photographs (Posthole 3109 & Ditch 3117)

Fig. 15 Field 4: Trench 37; plan, sections & photographs (Elongated Posthole 3725)

Fig. 16 Field 4: Trench 43; plan & photograph

Fig. 17 Reinstatement undertaken by CA between Field 4 & Field 5


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Summary

Project Name: Land at Watery Lane

Location: Church Crookham, Hampshire

NGR: SU 8015 5112

Type: Evaluation

Date: 08-23 June 2016

Planning Reference: 14/00504/MAJOR (Appeal Decisions APP/N1730/A/14/2228404,

APP/N1730/A/14/2228408)

Location of Archive: Hampshire Museum Services

Accession Number: TBC

Site Code: LWLC 16

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in June 2016 at

Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire. Ninety-three trenches were excavated.

Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-medieval and modern date) were

identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69

to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 within Field

2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20,

24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5.

Within Field 2, a small pit was identified within Trench 90 which contained an assemblage

of charcoal remains and a pit containing a small assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was

identified within Trench 98 dating the feature to the late prehistoric period. Both pits are

isolated examples indicative of temporary settlement at some point during the prehistoric

period. A similar, isolated pit, was also identified within Trench 92, but was undated.

Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a series of

three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west. Based on their morphology

and fill characteristics the ditches are typical of historic farming practices dating to the

medieval period. Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field

boundary network is likely to be associated with historic field boundaries dating to the later

medieval and post-medieval periods. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was

found to the north within Field 4 and to the west and south-west within Field 5. Trench 38 in

Field 4 contained a series of north/south orientated wheel ruts. Although these features

were not excavated and no finds recovered, their location situated parallel to the existing


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east field boundary also suggests a possible later medieval or post-medieval date for the

wheel rutting.

One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench evaluation within

Field 1 – 5; all are likely to date to the modern period. Square cut postholes were found

within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes were found within Fields 2, 3, 4

and 5. Based on their frequent intermittent positioning but also their projected alignments,

morphology and fill characteristics and dating evidence, the postholes are likely to form part

of an extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles such as barbed wire

entanglements or possible timber constructed tank proof obstacles erected during important

anti-invasion defence works. If the features are associated with a network of Second World

War tactical obstacles, and this seems likely, then they are located between the southern

end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge and to the north of the Area

Defence associated with the heavily defended army camp north of Ewshot and are important

to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of Britain in 1940.


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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In June 2016 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation

for Martin Grant Homes (centred at NGR: SU 8015 5112), and hereafter referred to

as the Site (see Figure 1).

1.2 A planning application has been granted by Hart District Council (Ref

14/00504/MAJOR) for up to 315 residential units, land for up to 1,050m2 D1 floor

space for a GP surgery including pharmacy and up to 370m2 A1 retail floor space for

a convenience food store and associated access, open space, playing pitches

including MUGA and car park, landscaping, Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace

(SANG) including car park and improvements to the A287/Redfields Lane junction. A

second planning application was also granted (Ref 14/01223/FUL) for a signalised

access junction on Redfields Lane to the proposed Albany Park Development.

1.3 These were granted on appeal (Appeal Decisions APP/N1730/A/14/2228404,

APP/N1730/A/14/2228408) subject to the following archaeological conditions:

Condition 27

No works shall take place on land to which reserved matters relate until the

developer has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological work

in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation that has been first submitted

to and approved in writing by the local planning authority for that part of the site. The

works shall take place in accordance with the approved details.

Condition 28

Following the completion of archaeological fieldwork, a report shall be produced in

accordance with an approved programme including where appropriate, post –

excavation assessment, specialist analysis and reports.

Condition 29

Prior to their demolition, the pillboxes which will be removed to facilitate the junction

improvement of the A287, shall fully be recorded in accordance with a scheme to be

submitted to and agreed in writing by the local planning authority.


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1.4 The archaeological evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme

of Investigation: Archaeological Field Evaluation (WSI) (CA, 2016a) and approved

by Neil Adam, Senior Archaeologist for Hampshire County Council (HCC) and

archaeological advisor to Hart District Council (HDC) prior to the commencement of

fieldwork. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological

Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English

Heritage 1991), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment

(MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The evaluation was managed

Cotswold Archaeology (CA) Project Manager Richard Greatorex. The work was

monitored by Neil Adam (HCC) to include a site visit on 16 June 2016. All machined

trenches were backfilled and reinstatement was completed to the satisfaction of the

Client.

The site

1.5 The proposed development area measures approximately 33ha, and comprises a

number of fields and paddocks with established hedgerows and wooded areas. It is

bounded by agricultural land and woodland to the south and west, by residential

development to the east, and by the Basingstoke Canal to the north. The Site is

located on a slight incline sloping down towards a stream feeding into the

Basingstoke Canal to the north-west at an elevation of approximately 75-90m above

Ordnance Datum (aOD). The SANG in the north-west portion of the Site occupies a

small hill, the location of a disused quarry.

1.6 The proposed roundabout at the junction of Redfield’s Lane and the A287

encompasses an area of 1ha, encompassing the existing road layout in this area

and extending into farmland to the north-east.

1.7 The underlying geology is mapped as clay, silt and sand of the London Clay

Formation, overlain by alluvium in the area of the western SANG (BGS Online).

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 A detailed desk-based assessment (DBA) of the archaeological and historical

background of the site has been produced by Wessex Archaeology (WA 2014), a

summary of which is provided below:


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Prehistoric

2.2 Early prehistoric activity in the local area of the Site is attested by a number of

individual and group find spots of Mesolithic flint tools to the south and east. A

particular concentration has been recorded at Heath Brow near Ewshot, 2km to the

south-east, on a site later occupied by a Bronze Age barrow cemetery. Early

prehistoric activity often favours river valleys due to the easy access to resources,

and the stream which currently runs through the northern part of the Site may have

been attractive to these communities.

2.3 A concentration of Bronze Age material was found during excavations at Hitches

Lane to the north of the Study Area and this was used to date a series of post pits

interpreted as forming a large and small pair of concentric timber circles possibly

representative of a later prehistoric meeting place.

2.4 The large multivallate Iron Age hillfort of Caesar’s Camp lies 3km to the east of the

Site on an irregular promontory on the Bagshot series of sands and gravels. Partial

excavation of the interior has recorded evidence of domestic structures and

environmental evidence indicative of extended occupation and later reuse. The site

developed from a univallate to a multivallate hillfort indicates that the site served an

important role in the community of that period and continued to act as a focus of

activities.

2.5 Within the Study Area an archaeological evaluation undertaken in 2011 at Queen

Elizabeth Barracks found evidence of possible Middle Iron Age occupation c.1 km

east of the Site.

Romano-British

2.6 The occupation of this period in the area of the Site is likely to have been comprised

of a number of small, scattered settlements in a largely agricultural landscape. The

Roman road between Winchester and London is thought to have run south-west to

north-east in the general alignment of the modern A31. The minor settlement of

Vindomis is believed to have been situated on this route way, close to Neatham, and

a low level pottery industry has been indicated at Farnham through the discovery of

a number of kilns. Roman villas are known at Alton, Farnham and at Barley Pound.

A mosaic pavement was recorded on the latter.


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2.7 Recent excavations at Hitches Lane 2km to the north of the Study Area have

recorded concentrations of finds and features indicative of occupation of mid-Roman

date. Pits, post-holes, gullies and ditches of indeterminate plan were found at this

site, many of which contained mid-late 2nd to late 3rd century pottery. The focus of

this activity is believed to lie to the south of the area investigated for development,

towards Crookham village, with poorly dated features likely associated with

agricultural boundaries to the north.

Medieval

2.8 Earthworks at Barley Pound 3km to the south of the Site, define a good example of

a ring and bailey castle of probable 12th century construction. It is likely that the

fortress formed part of the defensive network of sites which stretched across the

landscape during the turbulent mid-12th century and the civil wars of Stephen and

Matilda. It has been suggested that the site was abandoned in favour of Farnham

Castle following the siege of 1147, during which time the motte and bailey fortress of

Powderham Castle was constructed 500m to the north-west.

2.9 In the 11th century the Iron Age hillfort at Caesar’s Camp formed part of the

Farnham estate of the Bishop of Winchester and by the 13th century it was one of

three parks attached to Farnham Castle. The prehistoric defences were reused as

part of a pale park.

2.10 Velmead Farmhouse at the north-eastern boundary of the Site, was first

documented in 1341 AD as ‘Feldmede’, translated as ‘meadow land by the open

country’. This indicates that in this period the Site, and much of the local area, was

part of an agricultural landscape interspersed with small settlements such as

Crookham and Crondall. The presence of the stream running north to south through

the western area would have precluded intensive utilisation of these fields, being

liable to seasonal flooding.

Post-medieval and modern

2.11 The Site and the Study Area seem to have retained their rural character throughout

the post-medieval period and there is no indication of any significant development

during much of this period. Church Crookham itself originates in the 1840’s when a

settlement developed around a new church was built between the pre-existing

religious centres at Crookham and Crondall.


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2.12 The earliest cartographic depiction of the Site consulted for this study is the 1846

Crondall Tithe Map. At this date the Basingstoke Canal to the north of the Site had

already been constructed and the surrounding landscape was populated with farms

and fields of post-medieval enclosure type.

2.13 Early editions of Ordnance Survey mapping (1873, 1897 and 1961-62) show little

change within the Site and its environs, with the pattern of field boundaries

remaining similar to those displayed on the Tithe map. The southern and western

sections of the Site demonstrate continuity of boundary from the 1846 tithe to the

present day, the north/eastern section, that area bounded by Water Lane and the

Basingstoke Canal was subdivided into a number of smaller fields until the late 20th

century when part of the land was developed as playing fields.

2.14 Church Crookham was on Line A of the GHQ (General Headquarters) line of

defences constructed from 1940 as a response to the threat of a German invasion in

World War II. GHQ Line A was divided into sectors falling within South Aldershot

Sub-Area, numbers 3 and 4 of which led to Warren Corner in Crondall, to the south-

east of the Application Area. One of these sectors runs to the north of the A287,

crossing the route of the road at Dares Farm in the area of the proposed roundabout

junction improvements where Pillbox HER 24237 and Pillbox HER 24208 are

located (CA, 2016b). The principal defensive obstacle was an anti-tank ditch or tank

trap. The anti-tank obstacle was in part at least a hand-dug by troops from Aldershot

Garrison, and in front of that forward part of the Line a demolition belt was planned.

The approximate course of this section of the Line A would suggest there is the

potential that backfilled earthwork remains, such as the anti-tank ditch may be

situated in the area of the proposed roundabout.

2.15 The area has been assessed to have been potentially the most heavily defended

location in the country during the Second World War.

2.16 There are a high density of military defence features of this period within the Study

Area. These include anti-tank ditches and obstacles, barbed wire entanglements,

and a very high number of pillboxes (32 predominantly of type 24) and Vickers

machine gun emplacements (10). Two of the latter are located within the northern

portion of the Site, beyond the area designated as housing. An additional two type

24 pillboxes are recorded at the proposed roundabout within the Hampshire AHBR.

Both of these survive as extant structures in a good state of preservation. The


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monuments follow the course of Line A running between Ewshot and Crondall at the

western edge of the Study Area, and are densely clustered on the heavily defended

ridge at Ridding’s Copse to the south of the Queen Elizabeth Barracks.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the

archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character,

extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with the

Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the

evaluation was designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to

archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable Hampshire County

Council to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset,

consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise

conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the

development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG

2012).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 Ninety-three trial trenches were machine excavated within five fields (Field 1 – 5) in

June 2016. All machine excavated trenches measured approximately 30m x 1.8m

with exception of three trenches; Trench 66 in Field 1 which measured 40m x 1.8m,

Trench 100 in Field 2 which measured 39m x 1.8m, and Trench 47 in Field 3 which

measured 35m x 1.8m (see Figures 2-7).

4.2 Seven Trenches were not machine excavated; Trench 67 within Field 1 and Trench

77 within Field 2 were inaccessible during the evaluation and not machine

excavated due to dense scrub located within the vicinity. Trenches 78, 79, 80, 81

and 82 were inaccessible and not machine excavated due to their location

positioned within and area of dense scrubland and woodland between Fields 2 and

Field 3 (see Figures 2, 3 & 4).

4.3 Trenches 62 and 66 within Field 1, Trenches 84, 90, 97, 98, 99 and 100 within

Field 2, Trench 31 within Field 4 and Trenches 17 and 26 within Field 5 were

moved several metres due to on site obstructions such as existing fence lines,


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temporary above ground obstructions or over hanging tree canopies. Trench 43

within Field 4 was machine excavated safely between an overhead service located

to the north and an overhanging tree canopy located to the south of the trench (see

Figures 2, 3, 4, 6 & 7).

4.4 An ecology specialist was present during breakthrough of two existing hedgerows

located at two access points between Field 3 and Field 4 and also between Field 4

and Field 5 on 9th & 15th June 2016 respectively after consultation with the

specialist. Reinstatement was undertaken by CA between Field 4 and Field 5 upon

completion and backfill of Field 5 on 17 June 2016 during the trial trench evaluation

(see Figures 2 & 17).

4.5 Excavated trial trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using

Leica GPS. The final completed trench survey was recorded using Leica GPS in

accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

4.6 Due regard for known services was undertaken prior to, during excavation and upon

completion of the work at the Site. All work was undertaken in accordance with the

Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 and Safe Systems of Work for – Excavations,

Working Outdoors, Avoiding Overhead Services & Underground Services, Asbestos

and Substances/Contaminated ground and correct PPE worn at all times.

4.7 All trial trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless

grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant

archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or

the natural geological horizon, whichever was encountered first. Where

archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in

accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.8 Deposits was assessed for palaeo-environmental potential in accordance with CA

Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other

Samples from Archaeological Sites and sampled. All artefacts were processed in

accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after

Excavation.

4.9 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their

offices in Andover and Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the


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artefacts will be deposited with Hampshire Museums Service along with the site

archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix D, will

be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-22)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of

the recorded contexts and the finds are contained within Appendices A, B & C

respectively.

5.2 All trenches containing archaeology have been grouped into specific field numbers,

(Field 1 – 5) depending on which field they were located. Modern postholes of

possible Second World War date were also found within each field across the Site.

5.3 Ninety-three trial trenches were machine excavated within five fields (Field 1 – 5) in

June 2016. Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-

medieval/modern date) were identified during the trial trench evaluation within fifty-

eight trenches; (Field 1 – 5), (see Table 1 & Figures 2-7);

Archaeology

Field 1 Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76

Field 2 Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99

Field 3 Trenches 47 to 60

Field 4 Trenches 29 to 46

Field 5 Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28

Table 1: Archaeological features found within trenches

5.4 No archaeological features or deposits were found during the trial trench evaluation

within thirty-five trenches, Field 1, 2, 3 and 5 (see Table 2 & Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 & 7);

Archaeology

Field 1 Trenches 61, 62, 65, 68 and 72

Field 2 Trenches 83, 86, 88, 89, 91, 94 and 100

Field 3 Trench 57

Field 5 Trenches 1 to 7 and 9 to 19, 21 to 23 and 25

Table 2: No archaeological features found within trenches

5.5 Artefact evidence was recovered from Trenches 30 and 37 within Field 4,

Trenches 87, 93, 95, 97 and 98 within Field 2 (see Figures 2 & 3).


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5.6 Land drains, including many ceramic, were identified within sixty-seven trenches in

Field 1 - 5; Trenches 61 to 68 and 70 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 92 to 94 and

96 and 100 within Field 2; Trenches 47, 50 to 58 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 37

and 39 to 46 within Field 4; Trenches 1, 6, 8 to 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5 (see

Figures 2 & 7).

5.7 Tree-throws were identified within fourteen trenches in Field 1 - 5; Trench 72 within

Field 1; Trenches 95, 97, 98 and 99 within Field 2; Trenches 51 and 53 within

Field 3; Trenches 30 and 32 within Field 4; Trenches 6, 9, 14, 16 and 18 within

Field 5 (see Figure 2 & 7).

5.8 A modern disused blue plastic water pipe was identified within Trench 56 within

Field 3 (see Figures 2 & 5).

Field 1

Trench 63 (Figures 2 & 3)

5.9 Trench 63 was located to the north-west within Field 1 and contained a single

archaeological feature; posthole 6303 was broadly square in plan and contained an

unexcavated fill 6304. No finds were identified. Trench 63 also contained a land

drain.


5.10 Trench 64 was located to the north-west within Field 1 and contained two

archaeological features; postholes 6403 and 6405. The postholes were broadly

square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench

64 also contained a land drain.


5.11 Trench 66 was located to the north-east within Field 1 and contained six

archaeological features; postholes 6603, 6605, 6607, 6609, 6611 and posthole

6613. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and

no finds were identified. Trench 66 also contained three land drains.


5.12 Trench 69 was located to the west within Field 1 and contained seven

archaeological features; postholes 6903, 6905, 6907, 6909, 6911, 6913 and


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posthole 6915. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an

unexcavated fill and no finds were identified.


5.13 Trench 70 was located centrally within Field 1 and contained four archaeological

features; postholes 7003, 7005, 7007 and 7009. The postholes were broadly square

in plan, contained an excavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 70 also

contained three land drains.


5.14 Trench 71 was located to the south-east within Field 1 and contained six



no finds were identified. Trench 71 also contained two land drains.


5.15 Trench 73 was located to the south-west within Field 1 and contained six



no finds were identified. Trench 73 also contained six land drains.


5.16 Trench 74 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained four archaeological

features; postholes 7403, 7405, 7407 and posthole 7409. The postholes were

broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified.

Trench 74 also contained a land drain.


5.17 Trench 75 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained four archaeological

features; gully 7503, postholes 7505, 7507 and 7509 and two land drains. Posthole

7505, 7507 and 7509 appear to be on an east/west alignment.

5.18 Gully 7503 was linear in plan and located to the east within the trench. The gully was

orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual to steep

sides and flat base and contained a single fill 7504. No finds were identified. Gully

7503 is likely to be a land drain similar to other examples found within Field 1.


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5.19 Posthole 7505 was broadly square in plan and comprised gradual sides, a flat base.

Postholes 7507 and 7509 were also broadly square in plan and contained an

unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.


5.20 Trench 76 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained two archaeological

features; postholes 7603 and 7605 were broadly square in plan, contained an

unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 76 also contained three land

drains.

Field 2


5.21 Trench 84 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained a single

archaeological feature; posthole 8403 was broadly circular in plan. The shallow

posthole comprised gradual to steep sides, a concave base and contained a single

fill 8404. No finds were identified.


5.22 Trench 85 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained four archaeological

features; gullies 8503, 8505 and gully 8507 and posthole 8509.

5.23 Gully 8503 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a U-

shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 8504. Gully 8503 is likely

to be a land drain contemporary with gully 8505 located immediately to the south.

No physical relationship was identified. Other land drains with a similar morphology

and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 2. No finds were identified.

5.24 Gully 8505 was L-shaped in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and north-

west/south-east, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a

single fill 8506. Gully 8505 is likely to be a land drain contemporary with gully 8503

located immediately to the north. No physical relationship was identified. Other land

drains with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within

Field 2. No finds were recovered.


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5.25 Gully 8507 was linear in plan, orientated north-west/south-east, comprised a u-

shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 8508. Gully 8507 is likely

to be a field drain. Field drainage with a similar morphology and fill characteristics

were found elsewhere within Field 2. No finds were recovered.

5.26 Posthole 8509 was broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual sides and a concave

base and contained a single fill 8510. No finds were recovered.


5.27 Trench 87 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained six archaeological

features; postholes 8703, 8705, 8707, 8709, 8711 and posthole 8713. The postholes

were broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual sides, a concave or flat base and

contained a single fill. No finds were recovered, except for a small fragment of

ceramic building material (CBM) recovered from fill 8704 in posthole 8703 and an

iron U-shaped spike thought to be a joiner’s staple dating to the Roman or medieval

periods was recovered from fill 8710 in posthole 8709. Both finds are likely to be

residual.

Trench 90 (Figures 2, 4 & 10)

5.28 Trench 90 was located to the west within Field 2 and contained a single

archaeological feature; pit 9003 was a small isolated feature, broadly circular in plan,

comprised gradual sides, a concave base and an assemblage of late prehistoric flint

flakes and several potsherds were recovered from the single fill 9004. A soil sample

1000 was recovered from fill 9004 and contained a small charred plant assemblage

including a fragment of sloe (Prunus spinosa) stone. The assemblage may represent

a dump of hearth material and is indicative of some settlement activity in the vicinity.


5.29 Trench 92 was located to the east within Field 2 and contained a single

archaeological feature; pit 9203 was broadly oval in plan, comprised gradual sides, a

concave base and contained a single fill 9204. No finds were identified. Trench 92

also contained a land drain.


5.30 Trench 93 was located to the south-east within Field 2 and contained six

archaeological features; posthole 9303 was broadly circular in plan, comprised

vertical sides, a concave base and a fragment of medieval ceramic building material


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(CBM) was recovered from the single fill 9304. Postholes 9305, 9307, 9309, 9311

and posthole 9313 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and

no finds were identified. A single potsherd of glazed earthenware dating to the post-

medieval period was recovered from topsoil 9300. Trench 93 also contained two

land drains.


5.31 Trench 95 was located to the south within Field 2 and contained five archaeological

features; posthole 9503 was broadly circular in plan, comprised vertical sides, a flat

base and contained a single fill 9504. Postholes 9505, 9507, 9509 and posthole

9511 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were

identified. A single potsherd of glazed earthenware and an iron gate fitting dating to

the post-medieval period were recovered from topsoil 9500. Trench 95 also

contained a tree throw.


5.32 Trench 96 was located to the south within Field 2 and contained three

archaeological features; posthole 9603 comprised gradual sides, a concave base

and contained a single fill 9604, posthole 9605 comprised steep sides, a concave

base and contained a single fill 9606, posthole 9607 comprised gradual sides, a flat

base and contained a single fill 9608. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan

and no finds were identified. Trench 96 also contained a land drain.


5.33 Trench 97 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained two

archaeological features; ditches 9703 and 9707 and four treethrows, to include

treethrow 9705. Burnt flint and a flint flake dating to the prehistoric period were

recovered from the single fill 9706 in treethrow 9705. A single fragment of ceramic

building material (CBM) and an iron object of unknown date were recovered from

topsoil 9700.

5.34 Ditch 9703 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a U-

shaped profile with gradual sides and an undated iron nail was recovered from the

single fill 9704. Ditch 9703 is parallel with ditch 9707 located further south within the

trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9703 and 9707 are

likely to represent the remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to

two possible furrows found within Trench 99 located further south.


18


5.35 Ditch 9707 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and contained

unexcavated fill 9708. No finds were identified. Ditch 9707 is likely to be the same as

ditch 9903 in Trench 99. The ditch is parallel with ditch 9703 located further north

within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9707 and

9703 are likely to represent furrows dating to the medieval period similar to two

possible furrows found within Trench 99 located further south.


5.36 Trench 98 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained a single

archaeological feature; pit or ditch terminus 9803 was broadly oval in plan,

comprised gradual sides and a concave base and an assemblage of late prehistoric

burnt flint and potsherds were recovered from the single fill 9804. A single potsherd

of refined white ware dating to the post-medieval period was recovered from topsoil

9800. Trench 98 also contained three natural features; treethrow 9805, 9807 and

9809.


5.37 Trench 99 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained two

archaeological features; ditches 9903 and 9905 and a tree throw.

5.38 Ditch 9903 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a shallow

U-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 9904. No finds were

identified. Ditch 9903 is likely to the same as ditch 9707 in Trench 97. The ditch is

parallel with ditch 9905 located further east within Trench 99. Based on the

morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9903 and 9905 are likely to represent the

remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to two possible furrows

found within Trench 97 located further north.

5.39 Ditch 9905 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a shallow

uneven profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 9906. No finds were

identified. Ditch 9905 is parallel with ditch 9903 located further west within the

trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9905 and 9903 are

likely to represent the remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to

two possible furrows found within Trench 97 located further north.


19


Field 3



archaeological feature; ditch 4707 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-

west, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides, a flat base and contained a

single fill 4708. No finds were identified. Ditch 4707 is likely to be the same as ditch

4903 in Trench 49. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 4707

and 4903 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch of unknown date. Trench 47

also contained two modern features; land drains 4703 and 4705.

Trench 48 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.41 Trench 48 was located to the north-west within Field 3 and contained a single

archaeological feature; posthole 4803 was broadly circular in plan, comprised

gradual to steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 4804. No finds were

identified.

Trench 49 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.42 Trench 49 was located to the west within Field 3 and contained a single


west, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Ditch 4903 is likely

to be the same as ditch 4707 in Trench 47. Based on the morphology and fill

characteristics, ditches 4903 and 4707 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch

of unknown date.

Trench 50 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.43 Trench 50 was located to the north within Field 3 and contained two archaeological

features; gully 5003 and posthole 5005. Trench 50 also contained a land drain.

5.44 Gully 5003 was linear in plan, orientated north/south, comprised a U-shaped profile

with gradual sides and contained a single fill 5004. No finds were identified. Gully

5003 is likely to be a land drain similar to other examples found within Field 3.

5.45 Posthole 5005 was broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual to steep sides, an

uneven concave base and contained a single fill 5006. The posthole suffered from

root disturbance. No finds were identified.


20


Trench 51 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.46 Trench 51 was located to the centrally within Field 3 and contained four

archaeological features; posthole 5103 comprised steep sides, a flat base and

contained a single fill 5104 and postholes 5107 and 5109 and contained an

unexcavated fill. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan. Possible hedgerow

5105 containing a single fill 5106 was orientated north-east/south-west and

comprised an irregular and an uneven profile and no finds were identified. Trench

51 also contained three treethrows. No finds were identified

Trench 52 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.47 Trench 52 was located to the south-west within Field 3 and contained two

archaeological features; posthole 5207 comprised very gradual sides, a concave

base and contained a single fill 5208 and posthole 5203 contained an unexcavated

fill. Both postholes were broadly square in plan and no finds were identified. Trench

52 also contained a modern feature; land drain 5205 which is on the same north-

west/south-east alignment as gully 5303 recorded in Trench 53 and is also similar to

other examples found within Field 3.

.

Trench 53 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.48 Trench 53 was located to the south within Field 3 and contained two archaeological

features; gully 5303 and posthole 5305. Posthole 5305 was broadly square in plan

with steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill. No finds were identified.

gully 5303 is on the same north-west/south-east alignment as land drain 5205 in

Trench 52 and is also similar to other modern examples found within Field 3.

Trench 53 also contained another land drain and a tree throw.

Trench 54 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.49 Trench 54 was located to centrally within Field 3 and contained four archaeological

features; postholes 5403 and 5407 comprised steep sides, a concave base and

contained a single fill. Postholes 5405 and 5409 contained an unexcavated fill. All

the postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be on an east/west alignment

and no finds were identified. Trench 54 also contained a land drain.


21


Trench 55 (Figures 2, 5 & 12) 5.50 Trench 55 was located to the east within Field 3 and contained two archaeological

features; posthole 5503 and ditch 5505. Trench 55 also contained a land drain.

5.51 Posthole 5503 was broadly circular in plan, comprised a shallow profile with gradual

sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 5504. No finds were identified.

5.52 Ditch 5505 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-east/south-west, comprised a

U-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 5506. No finds were

identified but an ‘in situ’ red fired clay ceramic drainage pipe was found at the base

of the ditch. Ditch 5505 is likely to the same as ditch 5803 in Trench 58 and ditch

5941 in Trench 59. Based on the similar morphology and fill characteristics, ditches

5505, 5803 and 5941 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the post-

medieval period. Ditch 5603 in Trench 56 is also likely to be associated.

Trench 56 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.53 Trench 56 was located to the east within Field 3 and contained a single

archaeological feature; ditch 5603 was possibly linear in plan, orientated broadly

north-west/south-east, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides, a flat base

and contained a single fill 5604. The ditch was only partially excavated due to its

location to the north of the trench. No finds were identified. Ditch 5603 is likely to

represent a field boundary ditch dating to the post-medieval period. Trench 56 also

contained a land drain and a modern defunct blue plastic water pipe.

Trench 58 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.54 Trench 58 was located to the south-east within Field 3 and contained a single

archaeological feature; ditch 5803 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-

east/south-west, contained a single unexcavated fill and no finds were identified.

Ditch 5803 is possibly contemporary with ditches 5505 and 5941. Based on the ditch

morphology and fill characteristics, the feature is likely to represent a field boundary

ditch dating to the post-medieval period. Trench 58 also contained a linear feature

located immediately to the east of ditch 5803; it is possible this feature, although

interpreted as a natural anomaly, is likely to be associated with ditch 5943 found in

Trench 59.


22



5.55 Trench 59 was located to the south-east within Field 3 and contained twenty-one

archaeological features including two parallel lines of nineteen postholes and a

double ditch field boundary system; postholes 5903, 5905, 5907, 5909, 5911, 5913,

5915, 5917, 5919, 5921, 5923, 5925, 5927, 5929, 5931, 5933, 5935, 5937 and 5939

and ditch 5941 and 5943.

5.56 Posthole 5923 comprised a u-shaped profile, contained a single fill 5924 and no

finds were identified. Postholes 5903, 5907, 5911, 5913, 5917, 5921, 5927, 5929,

5931, 5935 and Posthole 5939 were broadly circular in plan and appear to be

aligned broadly east/west, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were

identified. Posthole 5931 cut fill 5944 from ditch 5943.

5.57 Posthole 5909 contained a single fill 5910 and posthole 5915 contained a single fill

5916 with both comprising steep sides and a flat base. No finds were identified.

Postholes 5905, 5919, 5925, 5933 and posthole 5937 contained an unexcavated fill.

All appear to be aligned broadly east/west. No finds were identified

5.58 Ditch 5941 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and contained unexcavated fill

5942. Ditch 5943 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and contained

unexcavated fill 5944. No finds were identified. Ditch 5941 is parallel with ditch 5943

located further east within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill

characteristics, ditches 5941 and 5943 are likely to represent a double ditch field

boundary dating to the post-medieval period, similar to, and possibly contemporary

with the ditches found within Trench 58 and 55 located further north.

Trench 60 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.59 Trench 60 was located to the south within Field 3 and contained a single

archaeological feature; posthole 6003 was broadly circular in plan, comprised a

shallow profile with gradual to steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill

6004. No finds were identified.


23


Field 4


features; posthole 2905 comprised steep sides, a flat base and contained a single fill

2906. Posthole 2903 contained an unexcavated fill. Both postholes were broadly

circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 29 also contained a land drain.


features; ditch 3003 and posthole 3005. Trench 30 also contained five land drains

and a treethrow.

5.62 Ditch 3003 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and a small assemblage of

13th to 15th century AD potsherds were recovered from the single fill 3004 can be

dated to the 13th to 15th century AD. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same

as ditch 3117 in Trench 31. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of

Ditch 3003, the feature is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the

medieval or post-medieval period, similar to the ditches found within Trenches 55,

56, 58 and 59 located within Field 3. Posthole 3005 was broadly circular in plan and

contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.

Trench 31 (Figures 2, 6 & 14) 5.63 Trench 31 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained eleven

archaeological features including two parallel lines of postholes; postholes 3103,

3105, 3107, 3109, 3111, 3113, 3115 and posthole 3119, ditch 3117, pit/ditch

terminus 3121 and 3123. Trench 31 also contained a land drain.

5.64 Posthole 3105 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3106.

Posthole 3109 comprised steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill

3110. Postholes 3103, 3107, 3111 and posthole 3115 contained an unexcavated fill

and no finds were identified. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan and

appear to be aligned broadly east/west.


24


5.65 Postholes 3109 and 3113 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated

fill and no finds were identified. The postholes appear to be aligned broadly

east/west.

5.66 Ditch 3117 was broadly curvilinear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west,

comprised a U-shaped profile with a flat base and contained a single fill 3118. No

finds were identified. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 3003 in

Trench 30. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 3117, the

feature is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-

medieval period, similar to the ditches found within Trenches 55, 56, 58 and 59

located within Field 3.

5.67 Pit/ditch terminus 3121 was broadly oval in plan, comprised gradual sides, an

uneven base and contained a single fill 3122. No finds were identified. It is possible

the feature is likely to be the same as ditch 3003 in Trench 30.

5.68 Ditch 3123 was broadly curvilinear in plan, comprised a u-shaped profile and

contained a single fill 3124. Two fragments of horse bone (Equus callabas) were

recovered from the fill 3124. This species has been a commonly exploited domestic

animal since the Late Bronze Age.

Trench 32 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.69 Trench 32 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained a single

archaeological feature; posthole 3203 was broadly circular in plan, comprised steep

sides and a flat base, contained a single fill 3204 and no finds were identified.

Trench 32 also contained two land drains and a treethrow.

Trench 33 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.70 Trench 33 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained three

archaeological features; posthole 3303 and gullies 3305 and 3307. Trench 33 also

contained two land drains.

5.71 Posthole 3303 was broadly circular in plan, comprised steep sides and a flat base,

contained a single fill 3304 and no finds were identified.


25


5.72 Gully 3305 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, contained a single

fill 3306 and no finds were identified. Gully 3305 is likely to be a field drain which

appears to be cut by gully 3307 located immediately south. Field drainage with a

similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 4.

5.73 Gully 3307 was linear in plan, orientated north-west/south-east, contained a single

fill 3308 and no finds were identified. Gully 3307 is likely to be a field drain which

appears to cut gully 3305 located immediately north. Field drainage with a similar

morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 4.

Trench 34 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.74 Trench 34 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained two archaeological

features; posthole 3403 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill

3404 and posthole 3405 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly

circular in plan. No finds were identified. Trench 34 also contained three land drains.

Trench 35 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.75 Trench 35 was located to the west within Field 4 and contained two archaeological

features; postholes 3503 and 3505 were broadly circular in plan, contained an

unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 35 also contained three land

drains.

Trench 36 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.76 Trench 36 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained two archaeological


unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 36 also contained two land

drains.

Trench 37 (Figures 2, 6 & 15) 5.77 Trench 37 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained thirteen archaeological

features to include four parallel lines of postholes; elongated postholes 3703, 3705,

3707, 3711, 3715, 3725, 3727 and postholes 3709, 3713, 3717, 3719, 3721 and

posthole 3723. Trench 37 also contained a land drain. A small assemblage of burnt

flint was recovered from topsoil 3700.


26


5.78 Posthole 3709 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3710.

Postholes 3713 and 3717 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.

The postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may

be associated with postholes 3719, 3721 and 3723.

5.79 Posthole 3721 comprised a V-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3722.

Postholes 3719 and 3723 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.

The postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may

be associated with postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.

5.80 Elongated posthole 3705 comprised a U-shaped profile and contained a single fill

3706. Elongated postholes 3703 and 3707 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds

were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be

aligned east/west and may represent evidence for timber support posts associated

with postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.

5.81 Elongated posthole 3725 comprised a U-shaped profile with a flat base within which

an unidentified type of timber, timber 3729 was found. Fill 3726 was located above

Ttmber 3729 within elongated posthole 3725. Timber 3729 measured 0.92m in

length and up to 0.1m in diameter and extended along the length of the elongated

posthole. The timber was unworked but had been crudely sawn at either end of its

length. Several heavily corroded iron nails had been positioned vertically into the

ground immediately either side of the central area of the timber, to possibly fix the

wood into position within the elongated posthole. The timber is likely to represent a

base for a timber support. Elongated posthole 3727 contained an unexcavated fill.

No other finds were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan,

appear to be aligned east/west and may represent evidence for timber support posts

associated with posthole 3719, 3721 and 3723.

5.82 Elongated posthole 3711 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill

3712. Elongated posthole 3715 located immediately to the east contained an

unexcavated fill. No finds were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly

similar in plan, appear to be aligned north/south and may represent evidence for

timber support posts associated with elongated postholes 3703, 3705 and 3707 and

Postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.


27


Trench 38 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.83 Trench 38 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained twelve

archaeological features; postholes 3803, 3805, 3807, 3409 and wheel ruts 3811,

3813, 3815, 3817, 3819, 3821, 3823 and wheel rut 3825.

5.84 Posthole 3807 comprised gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 3808

and postholes 3803, 3805 and posthole 3809 contained an unexcavated fill. The

postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified.

5.85 Eight possible wheel ruts were identified; wheel ruts 3811, 3813, 3815, 3817, 3819,

3821, 3823 and wheel rut 3825. The wheel ruts were elongated and linear in plan,

measured between 0.2m and 0.23m in width and positioned on a north/south

alignment to the east within Trench 38. The features contained an unexcavated and

no finds were identified. Their location situated parallel to the existing east field

boundary within Field 4, suggests a possible medieval or post-medieval date for the

wheel rutting.

Trench 39 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.86 Trench 39 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained two archaeological

features; posthole 3903 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill

3904 and posthole 3905 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly

circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 39 also contained four land

drains.

Trench 40 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.87 Trench 40 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained two archaeological

features; postholes 4003 and 4005 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes

were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 40 also contained

four land drains.

Trench 41 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.88 Trench 41 was located to the west within Field 4 and contained four archaeological

features; posthole 4105 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill

4106 and postholes 4103, 4107 and posthole 4109 contained an unexcavated fill.


28


The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 41

also contained two land drains.


5.89 Trench 42 was located to the south-west within Field 4 and contained five

archaeological features; postholes 4203, 4205, 4207, 4209 and posthole 4211.

Trench 42 also contained four land drains.

5.90 Posthole 4205 comprised gradual sides and a flat base and contained a single fill

4206 and posthole 4209 comprised gradual sides and an uneven base and

contained a single fill 4210. Postholes 4203, 4207 and posthole 4211 contained an

unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were

identified.

Trench 43 (Figures 2, 6 & 16) 5.91 Trench 43 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained six archaeological

features; postholes 4303, 4305, 4307, 4309, 4311 and posthole 4213. Trench 43

also contained two land drains.

5.92 Posthole 4311 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 4312 and

postholes 4303, 4305, 4307, 4309 and posthole 4313 contained an unexcavated fill.

The postholes were broadly square in plan and no finds were identified.

Trench 44 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.93 Trench 44 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained two archaeological


unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 44 also contained five land

drains.

Trench 45 (Figures 2 & 6) 5.94 Trench 45 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained three

archaeological features; postholes 4503 and 4507 and elongated posthole 4505

contained an unexcavated fill and no finds identified. Posthole 4503 and 4507 were

broadly circular in plan, and elongated posthole 4505 was similar in size, shape in


29


plan and orientation to examples found within Trench 37. Trench 45 also contained

five land drains.

Trench 46 (Figs 2 & 6) 5.95 Trench 46 was located to the south-east within Field 4 and contained a single

archaeological feature; posthole 4503 was broadly circular in plan, contained an

unexcavated fill and no finds identified. Trench 46 also contained two land drains.

Field 5


5.96 Trench 8 was located to the north within Field 5 and contained a single

archaeological feature; posthole 803 was broadly square in plan, comprised gradual

sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 804. No finds were identified. Trench 8




archaeological feature; ditch 2003 and a modern land drain 2005.

5.98 Ditch 2003 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-east/south-west, comprised

gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 2004. No finds were identified.

Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditch 2003 is likely to represent a

field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is

broadly parallel with the ditches found within Trenches 26, 27 and 28.

Trench 24 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.99 Trench 24 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained two

archaeological features; posthole 2403 and elongated posthole 2405, both

contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Posthole 2403 was

broadly circular in plan and elongated posthole 2405 was similar in size and shape

in plan to similar examples found in Trench 37 and 45. Trench 24 also contained a

land drain.


30


Trench 26 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.100 Trench 26 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained a single


west, comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 2604. It is possible the

ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2703 in Trench 27 and ditch 2807 in Trench

28. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 2603, the feature is

likely to represent the remains of a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or

post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned parallel with the existing southern field

boundary located further north-east within Field 5. Trench 26 also contained two

land drains.

Trench 27 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.101 Trench 27 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained a single


west, comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 2604. No finds were

identified. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2603 in Trench 26

and ditch 2807 in Trench 28. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of

ditch 2703, the feature is likely to represent the remains of a field boundary ditch

dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned parallel with the

existing southern field boundary located further north-east within Field 5. Trench 27


Trench 28 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.102 Trench 28 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained three

archaeological features; gullies 2803 and 2805 and ditch 2807. Trench 28 also

contained a land drain.

5.103 Gullies 2803 and 2805 were linear in plan, comprised u-shaped profiles and no finds

were identified. Gully 2803 and 2805 are likely to be land drains. Other land drains

with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field

5.

5.103 Ditch 2807 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, contained a single

fill 2808 and no finds were identified. The ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2603

in Trench 26 and ditch 2703 in Trench 27. Based on the morphology and fill

characteristics of ditch 2807, the feature is likely to represent the remains of a field


31


boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned

parallel with the existing southern field boundary located further north-east within

Field 5.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Table 3, Appendix B

and discussed further below.

Pottery

6.2 A total of 17 sherds (137g) of pottery was recovered by hand and by bulk soil sample

from six deposits (Appendix B). Twelve sherds (34g) of pottery dating to the late

prehistoric period were recorded from pit 9003 (fill 9004) and 9803 (fill 9804). The

unfeatured bodysherds occur in handmade, coarse and finer flint-tempered fabrics,

with three sherds (1g) in a handmade probably organic-tempered fabric. In the

absence of featured (rim or decorated) sherds, closing dating for this material cannot

be asserted with confidence. The variable coarseness of the flint-tempered fabrics

and the possible use of burnish with one sherd from pit 9803 (fill 9804) are possible

indicators of a Late Bronze Age date.

6.3 Two joining rimsherds (70g), dating to the later medieval period were recorded from

ditch 3003 (fill 3004). The fabric is a wheel-thrown, sandy oxidised fabric (probably

‘Newbury C’ type) with decayed glaze spots to its’ rim. This form is a jar with tall

everted rim and an expanded (T-shaped) rim top.

6.4 A total of three sherds (33g) of pottery dating to the post-medieval/modern periods

were recorded from three deposits. Abraded sherds in a clear glazed earthenware

fabric were recorded from topsoil deposits 9300 and 9500, dateable from the mid-

16th to 18th centuries. One sherd (1g) of transfer-printed refined white ware,

probably dating after c.1800, was recorded form topsoil deposit 9800.

Other finds

6.5 A total of eight items of iron were recorded from five deposits. Iron nails, of flat-

headed form for which only broad dating is applicable were recorded from posthole

3725 (fill 3726) and topsoil 9700. A joiner’s staple is recorded from posthole 8709

(fill 8710), of a form used in both the Roman and medieval periods. A fitting,


32


probably from a gate or similar and of likely modern dating was recorded from

topsoil 9500. Three rod fragments of uncertain form, function and date were

recorded from posthole 3725 (fill 3726).

6.6 A total of six items of prehistoric worked flint (109g) and 24 of burnt flint (497g) was

recorded from four deposits. Flakes on a mid-grey brown flint with thinned cortex,

suggestive of a gravels origin, were recorded from pit 9003 (fill 9004) and 9803 (fill

9304), treethrow 9705 (fill 9706). A flake core fragment (43g) in a similar grey brown

flint was recorded from posthole 3983 (fill 9804). None of the recovered material is

closely dateable.

6.7 A total of five fragments (180g) of ceramic building material (CBM) was recorded

from four deposits. This small group comprises one fragment of flat roof tile dating to

the post-medieval period was recorded from 9303 (fill 9304) and four miscellaneous

fragments dating from the medieval to post-medieval period based on the fabric and

thickness.

7. THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Bulk Sample

7.1 A single sample (eight litres of soil) was processed from posthole 9003 within trench

90 to evaluate the preservation of palaeoenvironmental remains in the area and with

the intention of recovering environmental evidence of industrial or domestic activity

on the site. The samples were processed by standard flotation procedures (CA

Technical Manual No. 2).

7.2 Preliminary identifications of plant macrofossils are noted in Table 4 (Appendix C),

following nomenclature of Stace (1997).

7.3 The flot was of moderate size with c. 50% rooty material and modern seeds. The

charred material comprised various levels of preservation.

Trench 90

7.4 The small charred plant assemblage recovered from fill 9004 (sample 1000) within

pit 9003 included a fragment of sloe (Prunus spinosa) stone. The moderately high


33


number of charcoal fragments greater than 2mm included round and mature wood

fragments.

7.5 This assemblage may represent a dump of hearth material and is indicative of some

settlement activity in the vicinity. The feature is undated and the environmental

assemblage gives no clear indication of date. It could be Bronze Age but would also

be compatible with an earlier or later date.

Animal Bone

7.6 Animal bones amounting to 151 fragments (233g) were recovered from site. The

material was highly fragmented and very poorly preserved, rendering 98% of the

bone unidentifiable to species. However, it was possible to identify two fragments

(69g) of horse bone (Equus callabas) recovered from the fill 3124 of undated ditch

3123. This species has been a commonly exploited domestic animal since the Late

Bronze Age (Baker and Worley, 2014), but due to the absence of dating evidence

coupled with the low recovery, no further inference can be drawn beyond species

identification. Preliminary identifications of the animal bone are noted in Table 5

(Appendix C).

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 Archaeological features (of predominantly post-medieval/modern date) were

identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63,

64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95

to 99 within Field 2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within

Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5 (see Figures 2-7).

Late Prehistoric

8.2 Within Field 2, a small pit 9003 was identified within Trench 90 containing a small

assemblage of charcoal and a pit or ditch terminus 9803 containing a small

assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was identified within Trench 98. The

potsherds are thought to date to the Bronze Age period. Both pits are isolated

examples and are likely to be indicative of temporary settlement activity dating to the

this late prehistoric period; excavation of treethrow 9705 also revealed further

evidence of late prehistoric activity with the discovery of burnt flint and a flint flake. A


34


similar isolated pit 9203 was also identified within Trench 92 but was undated (see

Figures 2, 4, 10 & 11).

Medieval/Post-medieval

8.3 Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a

series of three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west; ditches

9703 and 9707 within Trenches 97 and ditches 9903 and 9905 within Trench 99.

Based on their morphology and fill characteristics the ditches are likely to represent

shallow furrows typical of historic farming practices dating to the medieval period

(Eyre, 1955), (see Figures 2 & 4).

8.4 Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field boundary

network and orientated north/south is likely to be associated with historic field

boundaries dating to the medieval, post-medieval and modern periods (Aston,

1985). Dating evidence was not identified but a fired clay ceramic drainage pipe,

showing no evidence of a re-cut, was found at the base of a ditch in Trench 55. A

continuation of this ditch was found within Trenches 58 and 59 further southwards

within the field. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was found within

Trenches 20, 26 to 28 in Field 5. Trenches 30 and 31 within Field 4 are likely to

represent a possible trackway of similar date flanked by a ditch either side. Ditch

3003 located in Trench 30 for example contained potsherds that can be dated to the

13th to 15th century AD (see Figures 2, 5-7, 12 & 13).

8.5 Trench 38 in Field 4 contained an extensive series of north/south orientated wheel

ruts. Although these features were not excavated and no finds recovered, their

location situated parallel to the existing eastern field boundary suggests a possible

medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting (see Figures 2 & 6).

Modern (World War II)

8.6 One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench

evaluation within Field 1-5; shape in plan variations was observed, with square cut

postholes found within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes found

within Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5. All the postholes comprised shallow cut profiles within

the natural geological horizon. Post-medieval potsherds and fragments of CBM

(ceramic building material) were recovered from several examples and are likely to

be residual. Based on their intermittent positioning and projected alignments,


35


morphology and fill characteristics, the postholes may form part of an extensive

network of Second World War temporary timber structures known as tactical

obstacles to include barbed wire entanglements and tank proof obstacles erected

during important anti-invasion defence works (Foot, 2006), (see Figures 2-9 & 13-

16).

Field 1

8.7 Field 1 contained forty-one modern postholes. The postholes appear to form a

chequered board effect in plan across Field 1 suggesting the postholes are likely to

represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire

entanglements; an alignment of north-east/south-west postholes can be seen within

Trench 66 and Trench 69, with a possible continuation of postholes on a broadly

similar alignment within Trenches 73 and 74. Postholes in Trench 70 are positioned

on an east/west alignment similar to postholes identified within Trenches 73 and 75.

A similar east/west alignment of postholes was found within Trenches 64 to 66 (see

Figures 2 & 3).

Field 2

8.8 Field 2 contained twenty-one modern postholes. The postholes found are likely to

represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire

entanglements; postholes in Trench 87 appear to be aligned with posthole 8509 in

Trench 85. Postholes found within Trenches 84, 93, 95 and 96 appear to be

intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable pattern formed (see Figures 2 & 4).

Field 3

8.9 Field 3 contained thirty-four modern postholes and are likely to represent evidence

for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire entanglements and a possible

tank proof obstacle; Postholes in Trench 51 appear to be on an east/west alignment

similar to the postholes found within Trench 54 running across the centre of Field 3

forming a possible central defensive line. Postholes found within Trenches 48, 50,

52, 53, 55 and 60 appear to be intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable

pattern formed and it is likely that these postholes form barbed wire entanglements.

Two parallel posthole alignments orientated east/west within Trench 59 may

suggest evidence for the remains of a substantial defensive wartime military timber

structure consisting of barbed wire entanglements or a Tank Proof Obstacle (HMSO,

1936), (see Figures 2, 5, 8 & 9, 13-16).


36


Field 4

8.10 Field 4 contained sixty-two broadly circular and elongated modern postholes. The

postholes found are likely to represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to

form barbed wire entanglements and possible tank proof obstacles; Postholes in

Trench 31 appear to be aligned broadly east/west with possibly another posthole

alignment located immediately to the south within the trench similar to those found

within Trench 59 in Field 3. A similar east/west alignment of postholes can be found

within Trenches 34 and 38 and further south within Trenches 40 and 41 and

Trench 43. It is possible the posthole alignments form a series of east/west

orientated defensive lines. Postholes found within Trenches 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 39,

42, 44, 45 and 46 appear to be intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable

pattern formed (see Figures 2, 6, 8 & 9, 13-16).

8.11 Postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717 appear to be aligned broadly east/west. Postholes

3719, 3721 and 3723 possibly form another alignment located immediately to the

south but centrally within the trench similar to postholes found within Trench 31

within Field 4 and Trench 59 within Field 3. However, located to the north and

south within Trench 37 an alignment of elongated postholes were found situated

either side of the two more centrally positioned posthole alignments. The elongated

postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be also aligned east/west and may

represent evidence for a series of 450 degree angled timbers acting as props to

support the two alignments of centrally located postholes. Excavation of one the

southern elongated postholes revealed timber 3729 which measured 0.92m in

length and up to 0.1m in diameter and extended along the length of elongated

posthole 3725. The timber was unworked but had been sawn at either end of its

length. Several heavily corroded iron nails had been positioned vertically into the

ground immediately either side of the central area of the timber to possibly fix the

wood into position within the elongated posthole. The timber is likely to represent a

base for a 450 degree angled timber support or repair. The features found within

Trench 37 are located centrally within Field 4 and likely to represent the remains of

an east/west orientated and extensive defensive position such as a timber

constructed Tank Proof Obstacle (HMSO, 1936) (see Figures 2, 6, 8 & 9, 13-16).

Field 5

8.12 Field 5 contained three isolated but modern postholes. The postholes found within

Trenches 8 and 24 were either circular, broadly square or elongated in plan. The

postholes found are likely to represent tentative evidence for a series of supporting


37


posts to form barbed wire entanglements, a continuation of those found within

Fields 1, 2, 3 and 4 (see Figures 2 & 7).

Conclusion

8.13 The postholes found within Fields 2 and 5 were less common in number than the

postholes found within Field 1, 3 and 4. This may be due to modern historic farming

methods such as deep ploughing. This intrusive deep ploughing technique was

considered a sufficient obstacle in 1940 during anti-invasion defence works and may

explain the shallow truncated nature of the late prehistoric features found within

Field 2 (Foot, 2006, 11). If we can assume the postholes are associated with an

extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles within a prepared

battlefield it is unlikely that these were constructed to prevent aircraft landing such

as glider traps. This type of defence was utilised in open areas with a straight line

length comprising of 500 yards (c. 457m) or more. The fields at the Site are much

smaller in size measuring approximately 250m in length and 100m in width, much

smaller than the specified aircraft landing requirement (ibid 10). For this reason the

postholes found are much more likely to represent a structure forming temporary

defensive works such as barbed wire entanglements.

8.14 A substantial drainage ditch measuring approximately 3m wide and a depth of

approximately 1.5m was identified during the trial trench evaluation. The ditch was

located immediately south of Trench 59 within Field 3 following the northern

boundary of the east/west extant of wooded copse. The ditch although undated may

well have been utilised as a natural defence in conjunction with the wooded

environment located mostly to the west and south-west of the Site and the possible

temporary defensive network (suggested by the density of postholes) discovered

during the trial trench evaluation. These may well have been linked together into

defensive perimeters used to disrupt/slow down any enemy troop advances on the

ground. The defences, either man made or natural, were situated within one of the

most heavily defended areas in the country during the Second World War, located

between the southern end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge

and to the north of the Area Defence associated with a heavily defended army camp

north of Ewshot (ADS online). The postholes found during the trial trench evaluation

and the two pillboxes recorded during building recording at the Site (CA, 2016b) will

contribute further to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of

Britain in 1940.


38


9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by CA Project Officer Matt Nichol, assisted by CA site

personnel, Steve Bush, Natasha Djukic, Stephanie Duensing, Jack Marten-Jones,

Emily Spicer, Keighley Wasenczuk and Joe Whelan. The report was written by Matt

Nichol. The illustrations were prepared by CA illustrator Lesley Davidson. The

archive has been compiled and prepared for deposition by CA Archaeologist Adam

Howard. The project was managed for CA by CA manager Richard Greatorex, who

also edited this report.

10. REFERENCES

ADS (Archaeological Data Service) (no date) Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area

51). Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue//adsdata/arch-455-

1/dissemination/pdf/Text_Reports/DA51_TEXT_-_CHEQUERS_BRIDGE.pdf

Accessed 12 July 2016

Aston, M. 1985 Interpreting the Landscape: Landscape Archaeology and Local History.

London: Routledge

Baker, P. and Worley, F. 2014 Animal bones and archaeology: Guidelines for best

practice Swindon, English Heritage

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer

http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed 24 June 2016

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016a Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,

Hampshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Investigation

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016b Pillbox WA65 & WA85, Land at Watery Lane,

Church Crookham, Hampshire: Historic Building Recording

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy

Framework

Eyre, S R. 1955 The Curving Plough-strip and its Historical Implications. Agricultural History

Review: Volume 3, Number 2, pp 80-94

http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-455-1/dissemination/pdf/Text_Reports/DA51_TEXT_-_CHEQUERS_BRIDGE.pdf


http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html


39


Foot, W. 2006 Beaches, fields, streets, and hills: the anti-invasion landscapes of England,

1940. York: CBA Research Report 144

HMSO 1936 Manual of Field Engineering (Royal Engineers), Volume II. London: His

Majesty’s Stationary Office

Stace, C 1997 New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Books

WA (Wessex Archaeology) 2014 Albany Park, Church Crookham, Hampshire –

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment (Client Report)


40


APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Field

Trench

Context

Type

Fill of

Context

Context Description

Length (m)

Width (m)

Depth/ thickness (m)

Spot-date

5 1 100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint

>31.6 >2 0.31 Modern

5 1 101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint

>31.6 >2 0.17

5 1 102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, friable with occ. natural flint

>31.6 >2 >0.03


>31.2 >2 0.3 Modern


>31.2 >2 0.1

5 2 202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint

>31.2 >2 >0.08


>30.5 >2 0.3 Modern


>30.5 >2 0.08


>30.5 >2 >0.03


>31.2 >2 0.35m Modern


>31.2 >2 0.12


>31.2 >2 >0.1


>31.5 >2 0.3 Modern


>31.5 >2 0.1


>31.5 >2 >0.06

5 6 600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy

>31.6 >2 0.3 Modern


41


clay, friable with occ. natural flint


>31.6 >2 0.1


>31.6 >2 >0.03


>30.2 >2 0.34 Modern

5 7 701 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm,

>30.2 >2 0.11

5 7 702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint at >3cm

>30.2 >2 >0.03

5 8 800 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable

>31.2 >2 0.4 Modern

5 8 801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable

>31.2 >2 0.06

5 8 802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm

>31.5 >2 >0.05

5 8 803 Cut - Posthole oval in plan with rounded, concave sides and a flat base

0.36 0.28 0.07

5 8 804 Fill 803 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, no inclusions

0.36 0.28 0.07


>31.4 >2 0.28 Modern


>31.4 >2 0.17

5 9 902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable

>31.4 >2 >0.06

5 9 903 Cut - Hedgerow Irregular linear feature

0.4 2.5

5 9 904 Fill 903 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silty, compact and firm, no inclusions

0.4 2.5

5 10 1000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, no inclusions, friable

>31.5 >2 0.3 Modern

5 10 1001 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural

>31.5 >2 0.1


42


flint >2cm, friable

5 10 1002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm

>31.5 >2 0.13


>31.4 >2 0.2 Modern


>31.4 >2 0.2

5 11 1102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm, soft

>31.4 >2 0.1


>30.6 >2 0.28 Modern


>30.6 >2 0.17

5 12 1202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint at >3cm

>30.6 >2 >0.02

5 13 1300 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown, sandy silty, loose

>30.2 >2 0.3 Modern

5 13 1301 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silty, compact and firm, moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (≤0.5cm)

>30.2 >2 0.25

5 13 1302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, compact and firm, moderate amount of sub rounded stone (≤50mm)

>30.2 >2 0.07

5 14 1400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey, sandy silty, loose, 10% sub rounded stone inclusions (≤0.03x0.03m), signs of rooting throughout

>29.7 >1.8 0.24 Modern

5 14 1401 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey, sandy silty, loose, 5% sub-angular stone inclusions (≤0.03x0.03) signs of rooting

>29.7 >1.8 0.19


43


5 14 1402 Layer - Natural Light greyish brown, sandy clay, patches of mid greyish brown gravel deposits (sandy clay)

>29.7 >1.8 >0.05

5 15 1500 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown, silty sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting

>30 >2 0.27 Modern

5 15 1501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting

>30 >2 0.18

5 15 1502 Layer - Natural Mid brown, mottled orange, grey brown, sandy clay, friable, occasional natural flint inclusions

>30 >2 0.11

5 16 1600 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown, silty sand, friable,rooting

>31 >2 0.25 Modern


>31 >2 0.25


>31 >2 >0.1

5 17 1700 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown, silty sand, friable, rooting

>29 >2 0.23 Modern


>29 >2 0.23


>29 >2 0.11

5 18 1800 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, friable, <5% common natural flint up to 2cm, high humic content, lots of rooting disturbance

>28 >2 0.26 Modern

5 18 1801 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt,

>28 >2 0.18


44


friable

5 18 1802 Layer - Natural Mid orange grey, yellow, mottled sandy clay, friable, 10% natural flint inclusions ≤8cm

>28 >2 >14

5 19 1900 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content

>31 >2 0.26 Modern

5 19 1901 Layer - Subsoil Light yellow brown, silty sand, friable, some rooting disturbance. <1% natural gravel

>31 >2 0.25

5 19 1902 Layer - Natural Light yellow orange grey, mottled sandy clay, friable, 20% natural flint inclusions up to 5cm

>31 >2 >0.08

5 20 2000 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content

>30 >2 0.28 Modern

5 20 2001 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown, silty sand, friable, some rooting disturbance, <1% natural flint gravel

>30 >2 0.18

5 20 2002 Layer - Natural Light yellowish orange grey mottling, sandy clay, friable, 20% flint inclusions ≤5cm

>30 >2 0.1

5 20 2003 Cut - Field Drain Linear feature running NE-SW, gently sloping sides with a flat base

>2 1.04 0.31

5 20 2004 Fill 2003 Fill Dark grey with rust orange mottling, sandy clay, friable. No inclusions

>2 1.04 0.31

5 20 2005 Cut - Land drain linear feature running NE-SW, near vertical sides with a flat base

>2 0.27 0.13

5 20 2006 Fill 2005 Fill Dark grey, sandy clay, friable. No inclusions

>2 0.27 0.13

5 21 2100 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey, silty sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content, <1% flint up to 2cm

>32 >2 0.25 Modern


45


5 21 2101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting

>32 >2 0.23

5 21 2102 Layer - Natural Mottled orange grey, brown, orangey clay with occasional natural flint inclusions up to 5cm

>32 >2 >0.09


>27 >2 0.23 Modern


>27 >2 0.31


>27 >2 >0.08


>30 >2 0.22 Modern


>30 >2 0.2


>30 >2 0.16

5 24 2400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, clayey silt, friable, no inclusions

>31.5 >2 0.3 Modern

5 24 2401 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, clayey sand, friable, <1% stone inclusions

>31.5 >2 0.26

5 24 2402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown with streaks of light yellowish grey and mid brown, silty sand, friable

>31.5 >2 >0.07

5 24 2403 Cut - Posthole Sub-square shape in plan, unexcavated

0.4 0.42 unknown


46


5 24 2404 Fill 2403 Fill Light brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, no inclusions

0.4 0.42 unknown

5 24 2405 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval shape, unexcavated

1.1 0.4 unknown

5 24 2406 Fill 2405 Fill Light brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, no inclusions

1.1 0.4 unknown

5 25 2500 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown, sandy silt, loose

>29.5 >2 0.29 Modern

5 25 2501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable but firm, sparse amount of sub rounded stone (≤40mm) throughout

>29.5 >2 0.25

5 25 2502 Layer - Natural Light yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact and firm

>29.5 >2 >0.06

5 25 2600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy clay, no visible inclusions, friable

>32.2 >2 0.3 Modern


>32.2 >2 0.17

5 26 2602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint <3cm, soft

>32.2 >2 >0.04

5 26 2603 Cut - Ditch Linear feature running SW-NE, roughly symmetrical, moderately sloping sides and a rounded base

>9 0.66 0.24

5 26 2604 Fill - Fill Mid grey, sandy clay, friable, no inclusions

>9 0.66 0.24

5 27 2700 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown, sandy silt, loose

>28.1 >2 0.31 Modern

5 27 2701 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable but firm, sparse amount of sub rounded stone (≤40mm) throughout

>28.1 >2 0.26

5 27 2702 Layer - Natural Light yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale whitish grey silty sand, compact and grim, moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (≤50mm)

>28.1 >2 0.04


47


throughout

5 27 2703 Cut - Ditch Linear ditch with parallel sides, moderately sloping, straight sides with a gradual break of slope at the base which is sub-rounded, running NE-SW

>2.1 0.76 0.13

5 27 2704 Fill 2703 Fill Mid brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, and soft, moderate amount of sub-rounded stone

>2.1 0.76 0.13

5 28 2800 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey, clayey silt, friable, no inclusions

>29.4 >2 0.24 Modern

5 28 2801 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable, <1% stone inclusions

>29.4 o 0.18

5 28 2802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown with streaks of light yellowish grey and mid brown, silty sand, friable

>29.4 >2 >0.13

5 28 2803 Cut - Gully/Land Drain

linear ditch with symmetrical, moderately sloping sides running N-S, with a sub rounded base

>2.8 0.67 0.19 Modern

5 28 2904 Fill 2803 Fill Mid-dark brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 5% sub-rounded stones

>2.8 0.67 0.19


linear ditch with symmetrical, moderately sloping sides running N-S, with a sub rounded base

>2.8 0.64 0.2 Modern

5 28 2806 Fill - Fill Mid-dark brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 5% sub-rounded stones

>2.8 0.64 0.2


>32 >2 0.4 Modern


>32 >2 0.12


48


4 29 2902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 1% natural flint >300mm

>32 >2 >0.05

4 29 2903 Cut - Posthole Cut of slightly irregular circular post-hole

0.47 0.37 unknown

4 29 2904 Fill 2903 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, no inclusions

0.47 0.37 unknown

4 29 2905 Cut - Posthole Square in plan, squared sides, rounded sides with a distinct break of slope at the base with a flat base

0.27 0.27 0.07

4 29 2906 Fill 2905 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, friable/soft, no inclusions

0.27 0.27 0.07

4 30 3000 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark greyish brown, sandy silt, loose

>30.3 >2 0.26 Modern

4 30 3001 Layer - Subsoil Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout

>30.3 >2 0.29

4 30 3002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey pebbles, compact and moist, moderate amount of sub-rounded stones (≤60mm) throughout

>30.3 >2 >0.04

4 30 3003 Cut - Ditch linear ditch running N-S, sides have a very gradual slope with a concave almost flat slope

>4.7 0.76 0.12

4 30 3004 Fill 3003 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable, common sub-rounded and sub-angular flint

>4.7 0.76 0.12

4 30 3005 Cut - Posthole Circular in plan, sub-rounded corners

0.29 0.29 unknown

4 30 3006 Fill 3005 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt which is friable and soft unexcavated

0.29 0.29 unknown


>31 >2 0.35 Modern

4 31 3101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural

>31 >2 0.11


49


flint >2cm, friable

4 31 3102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable

>31 >2 >0.05

4 31 3103 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, unexcavated

0.36 0.36 unknown

4 31 3104 Fill 3103 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions

0.36 0.36 unknown

4 31 3105 Cut - Posthole oval in plan with rounded, concave sides and a flat base

0.34 0.31 0.07

4 31 3106 Fill 3105 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, 1% natural flint <30mm

0.34 0.31 0.07


0.3 0.3 unknown


0.3 0.3 unknown

4 31 3109 Cut - Posthole Square in plan with concave sides and a flat base

0.34 0.3 0.08

4 31 3110 Fill 3109 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, soft, 1% natural flint <30mm

0.34 0.3 0.08


0.28 0.28 unknown


0.28 0.28 unknown


0.6 0.4 unknown


0.6 0.4 unknown


0.38 0.26 unknown


0.38 0.26 unknown

4 31 3117 Cut - Ditch Slightly curved linear running NE-SW, shallow gradually sloping sides and a flat base

>2 0.97 0.22

4 31 3118 Fill 3117 Fill Light grey brown with orange and grey mottling, clayey sand, friable, no inclusions

>2 0.97 0.22


0.4 0.4 unknown

4 31 3120 Fill 3119 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay,

0.4 0.4 unknown


50


soft, no inclusions

4 31 3121 Cut - Pit/Ditch Terminus

Oval in plan with rounded corners with a rounded concave sides and a flat base

0.63 0.4 0.23

4 31 3122 Fill 3121 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, friable, 1% natural flint (>200mm)

0.63 0.4 0.23

4 31 3123 Cut - Ditch Linear ditch with a gentle sides and a flat base

>2.5 0.59 0.18

4 31 3124 Fill 3123 Fill Mid grey brown with occasional rust orange mottling, sandy clay, friable, 5% natural iron

>2.5 0.59 0.18


>31 >2 0.4 Modern

4 32 3201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint (>200mm) friable

>31 >2 0.1

4 32 3202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint (>300mm), soft

>31 >2 0.1

4 32 3203 Cut - Posthole Square in plan with concave sides and a flat base

0.34 0.26 0.07

4 32 3204 Fill 3203 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty clay, friable, no inclusions

0.34 0.26 0.07

4 33 3300 Layer - Topsoil Moderate greyish brown, sandy silt, loose

>30 >2 0.25 Modern

4 33 3301 Layer - Subsoil Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout

>30 >2 0.29

4 33 3302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay, with pale bluish grey patches, compact and moist, moderate amount of stone (<600mm) throughout

>30 >2 >0.06

4 33 3303 Cut - Posthole Rounded rectangle in plan, very steep, near vertical sides, flat base

0.27 0.27 0.1


51


4 33 3304 Fill 3303 Fill Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout

0.27 0.27 0.1


Linear running NE-SW with parallel sides, moderately sloping straight sides with gradual breaks of slope. Sub-rounded base

>3 0.5 0.12 Modern

4 33 3306 Fill 3305 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, loose and soft, moderate amount of sub-rounded stones (≤40mm).

>3 0.5 0.12


Linear with parallel sides, with moderately sloping straight sides with a flat base

>3 0.3 0.09 Modern

4 33 3308 Fill 3307 Fill Dark greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, moderate amount of sub-rounded stones (≤400mm) sparse amount of charcoal flecks (≤10mm)

>3 0.3 0.09

4 33 3309 Cut - Posthole Rounded rectangle in plan, very steep, near vertical sides, flat base

0.6 0.4 unknown

4 33 3310 Fill 3309 Fill Mid-light greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout

0.6 0.4 unknown

4 33 3311 Cut - Posthole Oval with sub-rounded corners, moderately sloping, straight sides with a sharp break of slope at the base, base tapers to a point

0.26 0.24 0.09

4 33 3312 Fill 3311 Fill Dark greyish brown, sandy silt, loose and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (≤30mm)

0.26 0.24 0.09

4 34 3400 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey, clayey silt,

>30.2 >2 0.25 Modern


52


friable, <1% stone inclusions

4 34 3401 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 1% stone inclusions

>30.2 >2 0.27

4 34 3402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact, 5% sub-rounded stones

>30.2 >2 >0.07

4 34 3403 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan with sub-rounded corners, steep and straight sides with sharp breaks of slop, a tapered rounded base

0.49 0.34 0.16

4 34 3404 Fill 3403 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable and moist, sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (≤30mm) throughout

0.49 0.34 0.16

4 34 3405 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, not excavated

0.39 0.32 unknown

4 34 3406 Fill 3405 Fill Mid greyish brown, sandy silt, friable

0.39 0.32 unknown

4 35 3500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey, clayey silt, friable, <1% stone inclusions

>31.7 >2 0.31 Modern

4 35 3501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 1% stone inclusions

>31.7 >2 0.25

4 35 3502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact, 5% sub-rounded stones

>31.7 >2 0.04

4 35 3503 Cut - Posthole Circular post hole, unexcavated

0.39 0.34 unknown

4 35 3504 Fill 3503 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty sand, loose

0.39 0.34 unknown

4 35 3505 cut - Posthole Circular post hole, unexcavated

0.34 0.37 unknown

4 35 3506 Fill 3505 Fill Mid greyish brown, silty sand, loose

0.34 0.37 unknown

4 36 3600 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown grey clay silt, friable

30.6 2 0.27 Modern

4 36 3601 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown sandy silt friable with rare stone inclusions

30.6 2 0.23


53


4 36 3602 Layer - Natural Mid yellow brown sandy clay with pale blue grey mottling, compact and moist, sub-rounded stone

30.6 2 0.03

4 36 3603 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole

0.33 0.31 unknown

4 36 3604 Fill 3603 Fill Mid grey brown silty sand friable

0.33 0.31 unknown

4 36 3605 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole

0.38 0.36 unknown

4 36 3606 Fill 3605 Fill Mid grey brown silty sand friable and soft, sparse charcoal inclusions

0.38 0.36 unknown

4 37 3700 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown grey clay silt, friable with rare stone inclusions

30.3 2 0.17 Modern

4 37 3701 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown sandy silt friable with rare stone inclusions

30.3 2 0.27


30.3 2 0.07

4 37 3703 Cut - Pit Irregular oval pit 1.1 0.37 unknown

4 37 3704 Fill 3703 Fill Mid dark brown grey clay silt with rare sub-angular stone, friable

1.1 0.37 unknown

4 37 3705 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval linear

1.06 0.26 0.16

4 37 3706 Fill 3705 Fill Light grey brown silty sand, friable

1.06 0.26 0.16

4 37 3707 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval linear

0.96 0.4 unknown

4 37 3708 Fill 3707 Fill Mid grey brown clay silt, friable with rare stone inclusions

0.96 0.4 unknown

4 37 3709 Cut - Posthole Small oval posthole

0.52 0.39 0.24

4 37 3710 Fill 3709 Fill Mid brown grey silty sand, friable but firm, sub-angular stone

0.52 0.39 0.24

4 37 3711 Cut - Elongated Posthole

Sub oval, irregular ditch terminus

>0.95 0.38 0.33

4 37 3712 Fill 3711 Fill Light brown grey sandy silt, friable

>0.95 0.38 0.33

4 37 3713 Cut - Posthole Circular posthole 0.39 0.42 unknown

4 37 3714 Fill 3713 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, loose

0.39 0.42 unknown

4 37 3715 Cut - Elongated Posthole

Linear ditch terminus

0.61 0.47 unknown

4 37 3716 Fill 3715 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, loose

0.61 0.47 unknown

4 37 3717 Cut - Posthole Cut of small posthole

0.47 0.55 unknown


54


4 37 3718 Fill 3717 Fill Mid dark grey brown sandy silt

0.47 0.55 unknown

4 37 3719 Cut - Posthole Square cut of posthole

0.41 0.49 unknown

4 37 3720 Fill 3719 Fill Mid dark grey brown sandy silt

0.41 0.49 unknown

4 37 3721 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole

0.42 0.42 0.19

4 37 3722 Fill 3721 Fill Mid grey brown sandy silt, friable

0.42 0.42 0.19

4 37 3723 Cut - Posthole Circular posthole 0.23 0.21 unknown

4 37 3724 Fill 3723 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable

0.23 0.21 unknown

4 37 3725 Cut - Pit Elongated oval posthole

1.06 0.35 0.11 Modern

4 37 3726 Fill 3725 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable with rare stone inclusions

1.06 0.35 0.11 Modern

4 37 3727 Cut - Pit Elongated pit 0.82 0.27 unknown

4 37 3728 Fill 3727 Fill Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable

0.82 0.27 unknown

4 37 3729 Fill 3725 Timber Timber support on E-W alignment

0.92 0.1 0.07

4 38 3800 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown grey clay silt, friable

30.3 2 0.26 Modern

4 38 3801 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown grey sandy silt, friable with rare stone inclusions

30.3 2 0.24


30.3 2 0.06

4 38 3803 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated

>0.29 0.33 unknown

4 38 3804 Fill 3803 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and soft sandy silt

>0.29 0.33 unknown

4 38 3805 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated

0.33 0.3 unknown


0.33 0.3 unknown

4 38 3807 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, moderate and rounded sides to sub-rounded base

0.31 0.31 0.05

4 38 3808 Fill 3807 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt

0.31 0.31 0.05

4 38 3809 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of posthole, not excavated

0.33 0.3 unknown


0.25 0.23 unknown

4 38 3811 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 1.03 0.23 unknown


55


4 38 3812 Fill 3811 Fill Light greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt

1.03 0.23 unknown

4 38 3813 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.19 unknown


>2 0.19 unknown



>2 0.22 unknown



0.57 0.21 unknown



0.7 0.2 unknown



0.55 0.23 unknown



>2 0.22 unknown



>2 0.22 unknown

4 39 3900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey clayey silt, friable

29.4 2 0.25 Modern

4 39 3901 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone

29.4 2 0.23

4 39 3902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches

29.4 2 0.04+

4 39 3903 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, tapered rounded base

0.37 0.36 0.1

4 39 3904 Fill 3903 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and moist sandy silt

0.37 0.36 0.1

4 39 3905 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, unexcavated

0.42 0.4 unknown

4 39 3906 Fill 3905 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and sandy silt

0.42 0.4 unknown

4 40 4000 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey loose clayey silt

31.1 2 0.22 Modern


31.1 2 0.18

4 40 4002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches

31.1 2 0.03+


56


4 40 4003 Cut - Posthole Oval shaped posthole, not excavated

0.33 0.28 unknown


0.33 0.28 unknown

4 40 4005 Cut - Posthole Oval shaped posthole, not excavated

0.35 0.29 unknown

4 40 4006 Fill 4005 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and soft sandy silt, charcoal flecks

0.35 0.29 unknown

4 41 4100 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey friable clayey silt, >1% stone

30.8 2 0.2 Modern

4 41 4101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey friable sandy silt, 1% stone throughout

30.8 2 0.19

4 41 4102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, moderate sub-rounded stone

30.8 2 0.05+

4 41 4103 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated

0.32 0.29 unknown


0.32 0.29 unknown

4 41 4105 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular, tapered point

0.47 0.34 0.15


0.47 0.34 0.15


0.37 0.29 unknown


0.37 0.29 unknown


0.3 0.25 unknown


0.3 0.25 unknown


30.4 2 0.18 Modern


30.4 2 0.17


30.4 2 0.06+

4 42 4203 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.29 0.28 unknown


57


unexcavated

4 42 4204 Fill 4203 Fill Mid dark greyish brown loose sandy silt, 20% charcoal

0.29 0.28 unknown

4 42 4205 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, regular gently sloping sides to rounded base

0.33 0.31 0.07

4 42 4206 Fill 4205 Fill Mid brownish grey with streaks of dark blackish grey friable sandy silt

0.33 0.31 0.07


0.5 0.44 unknown

4 42 4208 Fill 4207 Fill Mid-dark brownish grey, 20-30% charcoal, friable sandy silt

0.5 0.44 unknown

4 42 4209 Cut - Posthole Slightly irregular circular feature, moderately sloping to irregular flat base

0.81 >0.6 0.14

4 42 4210 Fill 4209 Fill Mid brownish grey with streaks of light grey and dark greyish black, friable sandy silt, 20% charcoal

0.81 >0.6 0.14


0.36 0.36 unknown

4 42 4212 Fill 4211 Fill Mid-dark brownish grey friable sandy silt 1% sub rounded stone, 10% charcoal

0.36 0.36 unknown


32.5 2 0.21 Modern


32.5 2 0.18

4 43 4302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact sandy clay with pale bluish patches, moderate sub-rounded stone

32.5 2 0.03+

4 43 4303 Cut Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated

0.29 0.26 unknown

4 43 4304 Fill Fill Light greyish brown loose sandy silt

0.29 0.26 unknown

4 43 4305 Cut Posthole Oval cut of posthole, not excavated

0.38 0.34 unknown

4 43 4306 Fill Fill Mid greyish brown loose and sandy silt

0.38 0.34 unknown


58


4 43 4307 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular cut of posthole, not excavated

0.41 0.35 unknown


0.41 0.35 unknown


0.43 0.34 unknown


0.43 0.34 unknown

4 43 4311 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular feature, steep and straight sides to tapered point

0.53 0.46 0.17

4 43 4312 Fill Fill Mid greyish brown with mid yellowish brown patches, loose and sandy silt

0.53 0.46 0.17


0.43 0.39 unknown


0.43 0.39 unknown

4 44 4400 Layer - Topsoil Mid- dark brownish grey loose clayey silt

30.2 2 0.21 Modern


30.2 2 0.18

4 44 4402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact sandy clay with pale bluish patches, 5-10% sub-rounded stone

30.2 2 0.05+


0.32 0.29 unknown

4 44 4404 Fill 4403 Fill Mid greyish brown loose and moist sandy silt

0.32 0.29 Unknown


0.36 0.34 unknown


0.36 0.34 unknown


30 2 0.21 Modern


30 2 0.16

4 45 4502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches

30 2 0.04+


0.4 0.35 unknown


59



0.4 0.35 Unknown

4 45 4505 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval cut of posthole, not excavated

1 0.3 unknown


1 0.3 unknown


0.41 0.34 unknown


0.41 0.34 unknown


30.1 2 0.23 Modern


30.1 2 0.18


30.1 2 0.04+


0.3 0.3 unknown


0.3 0.3 unknown

3 47 4700 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey silty sand, loose, rooting disturbance, humic

30 2 0.19 Modern

3 47 4701 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown with occ. orange mottling, friable, root disturbance.

30 2 0.19

3 47 4702 Layer - Natural Mid orange brown and grey brown sandy clay, 20% natural flint inclusions

30 2 0.01+

3 47 4703 Cut - Gully/land drain

Linear feature, land drain, not excavated

>2 0.35 unknown Modern

3 47 4704 Fill 4703 Fill Mid grey with orange mottling sandy clay, evidence of rapid deposition

>2 0.35 unknown


Linear feature, land drain, not excavated


3 47 4706 Fill - Fill Mid grey with orange mottling sandy clay

>2 0.44 unknown

3 47 4707 Cut - Ditch NE-SW aligned linear, uneven sides to flat base.

>7 0.7 0.2


60


3 47 4708 Fill 4707 Fill Light grey brown with streaks of dark grey and orange mottling, friable silty clay. Rooting and <1% charcoal

>7 0.7 0.2

3 48 4800 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint

31.24 2 0.4 Modern

3 48 4801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint

31.24 2 0.15

3 48 4802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft silty clay, 5% natural flint

31.24 2 0.01+

3 48 4803 Cut - Posthole Square feature, sharp rounded concave sides with flat base

0.38 0.4 0.12

3 48 4804 Fill 4803 Fill Mid greyish brown soft silty clay, sterile

0.38 0.4 0.12

3 49 4900 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey silt sand, loose, rooting disturbance

30 2 0.19 Modern

3 49 4901 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown with occ. orange mottling, friable, root disturbance

30 2 0.21

3 49 4902 Layer - Natural Mid orange brown and grey brown sandy clay, 20% natural flint inclusions

30 2 0.07+

3 49 4903 Cut - Ditch NE-SW aligned linear, uneven sides to flat base. Not excavated

>2 0.7 unknown

3 49 4904 Fill 4903 Fill Light grey brown with streaks of dark grey and orange mottling, friable silty clay. Rooting and <1% charcoal

>2 0.7 unknown

3 50 5000 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey clayey silty, occ stone, friable

31.4 2 0.23 Modern

3 50 5001 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown friable silty sand

31.4 2 0.22

3 50 5002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish grey, grey and brown streaks, friable silty sand

31.4 2 0.14+


Irregular linear, NW-SE aligned, irregular sides and base

>2.2 0.52 0.06 Modern

3 50 5004 Fill 5003 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty sand, sterile

>2.2 0.52 0.06


61


3 50 5005 Cut - Posthole Irregular oval shape, irregular moderately sloping sides, pitted base

>2.1 0.57 0.13

3 50 5006 Fill 5005 Fill Mid brownish grey friable and soft silty sand, 5% stone

>2.1 0.57 0.13

3 51 5100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown, sandy silt which is loose. 10% sub-angular flint

29.5 2 0.3 Modern

3 51 5101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey sandy silt which is loose. 5% sub-sub-angular gravel

29.5 2 0.25

3 51 5102 Layer - Natural Light yellowish greyish brown sandy clay which is compact

29.5 2 0.03+

3 51 5103 Cut - Posthole Circular. Moderate/steep sides. Angled base to the west, with concave breaks of slope

0.24 0.19 0.04

3 51 5104 Fill 5103 Fill Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is loose

0.24 0.19 0.04

3 51 5105 Cut - Hedgerow Parallel sides in plan, irregular base and sides. Sides are vertical - steep. NE-SW

>2.74 0.57 0.15 Modern

3 51 5106 Fill 5105 Fill Mid brownish grey sandy silt loose. 5% sub-sub-angular gravel

>2.74 0.57 0.15 Modern

3 51 5107 Cut - Posthole Oval. Possibly associated with [5103] and [5109]

0.41 0.38 unknown

3 51 5108 Fill 5107 Fill Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is friable

0.41 0.38 unknown

3 51 5109 Cut - Posthole Oval. Possibly associated with [5103] and [5109].

0.39 0.36 unknown

3 51 5110 Fill 5109 Fill Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is friable

0.39 0.36 unknown

3 52 5200 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown silty sand loose. Humic content high

30 2 0.24

3 52 5201 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown with occasional orange mottling. Silty sand

30 2 0.23

3 52 5202 Layer - Natural Mid orange brown/light grey brown sandy clay. 20% natural

30 2 0.06+


62


flint

3 52 5203 Cut - Posthole Square WWII defence. 90 degree corners

0.54 0.36 unknown

3 52 5204 Fill 5203 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand which is friable

0.54 0.36 unknown

3 52 5205 Cut - Gully/ Land Drain

Linear cut of field drain


3 52 5206 Fill 5205 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand which is friable. Mottle with orange natural


3 52 5207 Cut - Posthole Square WWII defence. 90 degree corners. Flat Base

0.42 0.49 0.05

3 52 5208 Fill 5207 Fill Dark greyish brown with orange mottling. Sandy silt which is friable

0.42 0.49 0.05

3 53 5300 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark brownish grey clayey silt which is friable. Occasional stone

31.2 2 0.26 Modern

3 53 5301 Layer - Subsoil Mid-dark brownish grey sandy silt which is friable

31.2 2 0.27

3 53 5302 Layer - Natural Light yellowish grey with brownish yellow and grey steaking. Silty sand which is friable

31.2 2 0.05+


Linear cut of field drain. Moderate and steep sides, both are straight. NW-SE

>3.25 0.6 0.27 Modern

3 53 5304 Fill 5303 Fill Mid brownish grey sandy silt which is friable and moist. Moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (<50mm)

>3.25 0.6 0.27 Modern

3 53 5305 Cut - Posthole Sub-square with sub-angular corners. Near vertical sides which are straight. Flat base

0.43 0.36 0.12

3 53 5306 Fill 5305 Fill Mid brownish grey sandy silt which is friable and moist. Sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (<40mm)

0.43 0.36 0.12


63


3 54 5400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy silt friable

30 2 0.3 Modern

3 54 5401 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (20mm)

30 2 0.24

3 54 5402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay which is soft. 5% flint (>30mm)

30 2 0.07+

3 54 5403 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Rounded and concave sides. Flat base

0.27 0.19 0.14

3 54 5404 Fill 5403 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)

0.27 0.19 0.14

3 54 5405 Cut - Posthole Circular, rounded corners. Unexcavated

0.3 0.3 unknown


0.3 0.3 unknown

3 54 5407 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Rounded and concave sides. Flat base

0.19 0.19 0.14


0.19 0.19 0.14

3 54 5409 Cut - Posthole Circular, rounded corners. Unexcavated

0.2 0.2 unknown


0.2 0.2 unknown

3 55 5500 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy silt loose

31.3 2 0.37 Modern

3 55 5501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub-angular flint (<50mm)

31.3 2 0.18

3 55 5502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact and moist. Moderate amount of flint (<50mm)

31.3 2 0.07+

3 55 5503 Cut - Posthole Oval with sub-rounded corners. Moderate and straight sides. Tapered round point

0.42 0.38 0.08


64


3 55 5504 Fill 5503 Fill Dark brownish grey sandy silt loose. Moderate amount of stone (<40mm) and rare amount of charcoal (<10mm)

0.42 0.38 0.08

3 55 5505 Cut - Ditch Linear with parallel sides. Moderate and straight sides. Flattish base

>2 1.12 0.36

3 55 5506 Fill 5505 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand loose and soft. Moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (<60mm) and very rare amount of charcoal (<10mm)

3 56 5600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy clay which is friable

32.5 2 0.29 Modern

3 56 5601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (20mm)

32.5 2 0.29

3 56 5602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay which is compact. 5% flint (>30mm)

32.5 2 0.02+

3 56 5603 Cut - Ditch Linear. Flat and shallow sides. Flat base. E-W

>2 >1.05 0.4

3 56 5604 Fill 5603 Fill Mid greyish brown with orange mottling. Sandy clay which is friable. 1% flint/gravel

>2 >1.05 0.4

3 57 5700 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown sandy silt loose

31.5 2 0.24 Modern

3 57 5701 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub-angular flint (<50mm)

31.5 2 0.3

3 57 5702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact

31.5 2 0.04+

3 58 5800 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown sandy silt loose

30.1 2 0.25 Modern

3 58 5801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub-angular flint (<50mm)

30.1 2 0.27


65


3 58 5802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact and moist. Moderate amount of flint (<50mm)

30.1 2 0.05+

3 58 5803 Cut - Ditch Cut of field drain. Parallel sides. Associated with [5505]

>2.1 1.6 unknown

3 58 5804 Fill 5803 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sandy loose. Moderate amount of sub-rounded stone (<40mm)

>2.1 1.6 unknown

3 59 5900 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (>20mm)

32 2 0.39 Modern

3 59 5901 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (>20mm)

32 2 0.04

3 59 5902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay which is compact. 5% flint (>30mm)

32 2 0.01+

3 59 5903 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. Unexcavated

0.23 0.23 unknown

3 59 5904 Fill 5903 Fill Mid greyish b brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm)

0.23 0.23


0.18 0.14


0.18 0.14


0.19 0.2


0.19 0.2

3 59 5909 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded corners. Sharp, rounded, concave sides. Flat base

0.4 0.38 0.05

3 59 5910 Fill 5909 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm

0.4 0.38 0.05


0.2 0.2


0.2 0.2


0.23 0.23


66



0.23 0.23


0.4 0.38 0.07


0.4 0.38 0.07


0.29 0.28


0.29 0.28


0.16 0.15


0.16 0.15


0.27 0.25

3 59 5922 Fill 5921 Fill Mid greyish brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm

0.27 0.25


0.23 0.23 0.1


0.23 0.23 0.1


0.39 0.33 unknown


0.39 0.33 unknown


0.25 0.25 unknown


0.25 0.25 unknown


0.17 0.15 unknown


0.17 0.15 unknown


0.19 0.19 unknown


0.19 0.19 unknown


0.26 0.23 unknown


67



0.26 0.23 unknown


0.25 0.3 unknown


0.25 0.3 unknown


0.2 0.18 unknown


0.2 0.18 unknown


0.27 0.27 unknown


0.27 0.27 unknown

3 59 5941 Cut - Ditch Linear parallel sides. Most likely a field drain, as it is associated with [5505] and [5803]

>2 1.06 unknown

3 59 5942 Fill 5941 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand which is loose and soft

>2 1.06 unknown

3 59 5943 Cut - Ditch Linear parallel sides. Most likely a field drain, as it is associated with [5505] and [5803]

>2 0.46 unknown

3 59 5944 Fill 5943 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand loose

>2 0.46 unknown

3 60 6000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint

31.54 2 0.4 Modern


31.54 2 0.2


31.54 2 0.01+

3 60 6003 Cut - Posthole Square shaped feature, shape squared concave sides, flat base

0.35 0.3 0.05

3 60 6004 Fill 6003 Fill Mid greyish brown soft silty clay

0.35 0.3 0.05

1 61 6100 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown silty sand, loose, rooting, <1% sub-angular stone

30.5 1.8 0.3 Modern

1 61 6101 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose silty sand, occ rooting <1% sub-angular

30.5 1.8 0.3


68


stone

1 61 6102 Layer - Natural Light brownish yellow loose sandy clay, occ sub-angular stone

30.5 1.8 0.3

1 62 6200 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown friable sandy silt, high %age of humic matter, rooting

27 2 0.46 Modern

1 62 6201 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown friable silty sand, high %age of humic matter, <1% flint gravel

27 2 0.25

1 62 6202 Layer - Natural Reddish brown with greenish grey mottling friable, <1% natural flint

27 2 0.01+

1 63 6300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown silty sand, loose, rooting, <1% sub-angular stone

32.6 1.8 0.37 Modern

1 63 6301 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose silty sand, occ rooting <1% sub-angular stone

32.6 1.8 0.13

1 63 6302 Layer - Natural Light brownish yellow loose sandy clay, occ sub-angular stone

32.6 1.8 0.6+

1 63 6303 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated

0.5 0.4 unknown

1 63 6304 Fill 6303 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated

0.5 0.4 unknown

1 64 6400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown loose silty sand, rooting <1% sub-angular stone

30.5 1.8 0.32 Modern

1 64 6401 Layer - Subsoil Light-mid greyish brown loose silty sand, rooting, <1% sub-angular stone

30.5 1.8 0.18

1 64 6402 Layer - Natural Light yellowing brown loose clayey sand, rare inclusions

30.5 1.8 0.5+


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown

1 65 6500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown friable clayey silt, minimal rooting

28.5 2 0.34 Modern

1 65 6501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown compact clayey silt

28.5 2 0.18


69


1 65 6502 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of yellow, grey and brown, compact clayey sand

28.5 2 0.04+

1 66 6600 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown loose sandy silt, rooting and humic

40 2 0.3

1 66 6601 Layer - Subsoil Light grey brown loose silty sand, <1% common gravel

40 2 0.16

1 66 6602 Layer - Natural Mid reddish brown with greenish grey mottling friable sandy clay

40 2 0.16+


0.34 0.3 unknown


0.34 0.3 unknown


0.4 0.4 unknown


0.4 0.4 unknown


0.45 0.4 unknown


0.45 0.4 unknown


0.47 0.34 unknown


0.47 0.34 unknown


0.36 0.36 unknown


0.36 0.36 unknown


0.57 0.4 unknown


0.57 0.4 unknown

1 67 NO ACCESS

1 68 6800 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey loose clayey sand, rooting throughout

28.8 1.8 0.3 Modern

1 68 6801 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose clayey sand, occ rooting

28.8 1.8 0.15

1 68 6802 Layer - Natural Light brownish grey loose sandy clay, with patches of light yellowish grey clayey sand, sterile

28.8 1.8 0.45+

1 69 6900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown friable clayey silt, minimal rooting

32.1 2 0.28 Modern

1 69 6901 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish brown compact clayey silt

32.1 2 0.26

1 69 6902 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of grey

32.1 2 0.04


70


and brown, compact clayey sand


0.3 0.26 unknown


0.3 0.26 unknown


0.59 0.45 unknown


0.59 0.45 unknown


0.47 0.4 unknown


0.47 0.4 unknown


0.45 0.4 unknown


0.45 0.4 unknown


0.55 0.4 unknown


0.55 0.4 unknown


0.49 0.35 unknown


0.49 0.35 unknown


0.45 0.34 unknown


0.45 0.34 unknown

1 70 7000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable clayey sand, moderate sub-angular stones throughout

31.3 2 0.3 Modern

1 70 7001 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable but firm sandy clay, sterile, sparse rooting throughout

31.3 2 0.22

1 70 7002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay, light grey patches

31.3 2 0.9+


0.3 0.3 unknown


0.3 0.3 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown


0.5 0.4 unknown

1 71 7100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate sub-

31 2 0.27 Modern


71


angular stone

1 71 7101 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable but firm sandy clay, rooting throughout

31 2 0.19

1 71 7102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact sandy clay with light grey patches, moderate rooting

31 2 0.04+


0.3 0.3 unknown


0.3 0.3 unknown


0.45 0.37 unknown


0.45 0.37 unknown


0.4 0.3 unknown


0.4 0.3 unknown


0.4 0.4 unknown


0.4 0.4 unknown


0.46 0.46 unknown


0.46 0.46 unknown


0.46 0.46 unknown


0.46 0.46 unknown

1 72 7200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate sub-angular stone

31.8 2 0.29 Modern

1 72 7201 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable but firm sandy clay, rooting

31.8 2 0.24

1 72 7202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay, light grey patches

31.8 2 0.06+

1 73 7300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey loose clayey sand, rooting throughout

30.2 1.8 0.3 Modern

1 73 7301 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey loose clayey sand, occ rooting

30.2 1.8 0.25

1 73 7302 Layer - Natural Light brownish grey loose sandy clay, with patches of light yellowish grey clayey sand

30.2 1.8 0.5+


0.4 0.35 unknown


0.4 0.35 unknown


72



0.5 0.47 unknown


0.5 0.47 unknown


0.5 0.32 unknown


0.5 0.32 unknown


0.5 0.35 unknown


0.5 0.35 unknown


0.35 0.3 unknown


0.35 0.3 unknown


0.33 0.3 unknown


0.33 0.3 unknown

1 74 7400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey friable clayey silt, moderate rooting

30.2 2 0.26 Modern

1 74 7401 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish grey compact silty clay, root disturbance

30.2 2 0.31

1 74 7402 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of yellow and whiteish clayey sand. Compact, moderate rooting

30.2 2 0.02+


0.5 0.42 unknown


0.5 0.42 unknown


0.44 0.22 unknown


0.44 0.22 unknown


0.3 0.27 unknown


0.3 0.27 unknown


0.26 0.25 unknown


0.26 0.25 unknown

1 75 7500 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey friable silty sand

30.54 2 0.24 Modern

1 75 7501 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey friable sandy clay, occ natural flint

30.54 2 0.16

1 75 7502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish red soft sandy clay, occ natural flint

30.54 2 0.01+


NE-SW aligned linear, sharp rounded concave sides, flat base

>1 >0.42 >0.13 Modern

1 75 7504 Fill 7503 Fill Mid greyish brown soft sandy

>1 >0.42 >0.13 Modern


73


clay, 5% natural flint

1 75 7505 Cut - Posthole Square feature, sharp rounded concave sides, flat base

>0.53 >0.38 >0.07

1 75 7506 Fill 7505 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty clay, natural flint

>0.53 >0.38 >0.07


0.5 0.45 unknown


0.5 0.45 unknown


0.46 0.4 unknown


0.46 0.4 unknown

1 76 7600 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish grey friable silty sand

28 2 0.29 Modern

1 76 7601 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish grey friable sandy clay, occ natural flint

28 2 0.23

1 76 7602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish red soft sandy clay, occ natural flint

28 2 0.08+

1 76 7603 Cut - Posthole Square feature, sharp rounded concave sides, flat base

0.55 0.45 unknown

1 76 7604 Fill 7603 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty clay, natural flint

0.55 0.45 unknown


0.9 0.4 unknown


0.9 0.4 unknown

TR 77-82 NO ACCESS

2 83 8300 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting

29.5 2 0.31 Modern

2 83 8301 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate rooting

29.5 2 0.21

2 83 8302 Layer - Natural Light reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay with light greenish yellow patches, moderate rooting

29.5 2 0.08+

2 84 8400 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting

34 2 0.29 Modern

2 84 8401 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable but firm clayey sand, sparse sub-angular stone

34 2 0.22


74


2 84 8402 Layer - Natural Light reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay with light greenish yellow patches

34 2 0.09+

2 84 8403 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, steep and straight sides with rounded base

0.32 0.27 0.1

2 84 8404 Fill 8403 Fill Mid greyish brown friable but firm clayey sand

0.32 0.27 0.1

2 85 8500 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown friable clayey silt

31.7 2 0.32 Modern

2 85 8501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey compact-friable silty clay

31.7 2 0.53

2 85 8502 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow with streaks of grey and brown, compact clayey sand

31.7 2 0.05+


Irregular linear, moderately sloping symmetrical sides with rounded base

6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern

2 85 8504 Fill 8503 Fill Mid brownish bluish grey friable clayey sand

6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern


Irregular linear, moderately sloping symmetrical sides with rounded base, pos same as [8503], pos badgers' set (disturbance)

6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern

2 85 8506 Fill 8505 Fill Mid brownish bluish grey friable clayey sand

6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern


Linear NW-SE aligned feature, moderate and straight sides, sub rounded base

>1 0.56 0.2 Modern

2 85 8508 Fill 8507 Fill Mid bluish grey friable but firm sandy silt

>1 0.56 0.2 Modern

2 85 8509 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, moderately sloping sides with sub rounded base

0.34 0.37 0.08

2 85 8510 Fill 8509 Fill Mid bluish grey friable but firm sandy silt

0.34 0.37 0.08


75


2 86 8600 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-rounded stone

30.9 2 0.33 Modern

2 86 8601 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable but firm clayey sand, sparse rooting

30.9 2 0.26

2 86 8602 Layer - Natural Light reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay with pale greenish yellow patches

30.9 2 0.06+

2 87 8700 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown friable sandy silt, 10% chalk, nrooting

30 2 0.27 Modern

2 87 8701 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish brown friable silty sand, 25% chalk, rooting

30 2 0.15

2 87 8702 Layer - Natural Light brown friable sandy clay with green grey mottling, 5% natural gravel

30 2 0.01+

2 87 8703 Cut - Posthole Irregular oval feature, concave and uneven base

>0.36 0.21 0.15

2 87 8704 Fill 8703 Fill Mid yellowish brown friable sandy clay

>0.36 0.21 0.15

2 87 8705 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, steep sides

0.2 0.13 0.22

2 87 8706 Fill 8705 Fill Light brownish grey loose sandy clay

0.2 0.13 0.22

2 87 8707 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, steep sides

0.34 0.34 0.22


0.34 0.34 0.22

2 87 8709 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, moderate to steep sides with flat base

0.3 0.28 0.14


0.3 0.28 0.14

2 87 8711 Cut - Posthole Circular feature with shallow concave sides to concave base

0.25 0.25 0.09

2 87 8712 Fill 8711 Fill Dark greyish brown friable silty sand, 20% charcoal

0.25 0.25 0.09

2 87 8713 Cut - Posthole Circular feature with shallow concave sides to concave base

0.34 0.34 0.1

2 87 8714 Fill 8713 Fill Dark greyish brown friable silty sand, 10% charcoal

0.34 0.34 0.1


76


2 88 8800 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-angular stone

32.8 2 0.29 Modern

2 88 8801 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable and firm clayey sand, sparse sub-angular stone

32.8 2 0.22

2 88 8802 Layer - Natural Light yellowish/ reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay, rare sub-angular stone

32.8 2 0.05+

2 89 8900 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-rounded stone

31 2 0.23 Modern

2 89 8901 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable and firm clayey sand, moderate rooting sparse sub-rounded stone

31 2 0.17

2 89 8902 Layer - Natural Light yellowish/ reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay, moderate rooting

31 2 0.05+

2 90 9000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay 5% small stone

28.8 2 0.2 Modern


28.8 2 0.2

2 90 9002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft silty clay , 5% natural flint

28.8 2 0.01+

2 90 9003 Cut - Pit Oval feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base

>0.2 >0.2 0.09 Late Prehistoric

2 90 9004 Fill 9003 Fill Dark blackish brown soft silty clay, 25% charcoal, 10% burnt flint

>0.2 >0.2 0.09 Late Prehistoric

2 91 9100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay, occ small stone

30.82 2 0.25 Modern

2 91 9102 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay occ sub-angular natural flint

30.82 2 0.17

2 91 9103 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft but

30.82 2 0.01+


77


firm silty clay, 5% natural flint

2 92 9200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay

33.84 2 0.19 Modern


33.84 2 0.2

2 92 9202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft and firm silty clay, 5% natural flint and pebbles

33.84 2 0.01+

2 92 9203 Cut - Pit Irregularly shaped feature, moderate and straight sides, sub rounded base

1.17 0.85 0.17

2 92 9204 Fill 9203 Fill Mid yellowish brown with greyish tint, friable but firm clayey sand

1.17 0.85 0.17

2 93 9300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown loose sandy clay, rooting throughout, sub-angular stone

28.7 1.8 0.28 Modern

2 93 9301 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey loose sandy clay, sub-angular stone and chalk

28.7 1.8 0.15

2 93 9302 Layer - Natural Light greyish brown friable sandy clay, patches of yellowish grey clayey sand. Patches of mid brown/red sandy clay

28.7 1.8 0.01+

2 93 9303 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, vertical symmetrical sides, tapered to rounded point

0.33 0.33 0.37

2 93 9304 Fill 9303 Fill Mid reddish brown friable sandy clay

0.33 0.33 0.37

2 93 9305 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, not excavated same as [9303]

0.31 0.32 >0.05

2 93 9306 Fill 9305 Fill Posthole fill, not excavated, same as (9304)

0.31 0.32 >0.05


0.34 0.25 >0.05


0.34 0.25 >0.05


0.33 0.33 >0.05


78



0.33 0.33 >0.05


0.44 0.33 >0.05


0.44 0.33 >0.05


0.4 0.33 >0.05


0.4 0.33 >0.05

2 94 9400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay, occ small stone

31.56 2 0.2 Modern


31.56 2 0.2

2 94 9402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown soft and firm silty clay, sub angular natural flint

31.56 2 0.01+

2 95 9500 Layer - Topsoil Dark brownish grey friable sandy clay, sub angular stone

30.7 1.8 0.2 Modern

2 95 9501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish grey friable sandy clay, 25% sub-angular chalk and stone

30.7 1.8 0.2

2 95 9502 Layer - Natural Light greyish brown sandy clay, occ flint, patches of light brown sandy clay

30.7 1.8 0.1+

2 95 9503 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, vertical sides

0.25 0.18 >0.25

2 95 9504 Fill 9503 Fill Greyish brown friable sandy clay

0.25 0.18 >0.25


0.35 0.34 >0.25


0.35 0.34 >0.25


0.23 0.21 >0.25


0.23 0.21 >0.25


0.28 0.25 >0.25


0.28 0.25 >0.25


79



0.14 0.14 >0.25


0.14 0.14 >0.25

2 96 9600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay

28.6 2 0.17 Modern

2 96 9601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay, 5% natural flint

28.6 2 0.23

2 96 9602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay, 5% natural flint

28.6 2 0.01+

2 96 9603 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base

>0.22 >0.18 >0.05


>0.22 >0.18 >0.05


>0.22 >0.12 0.1


>0.22 >0.12 0.1


>0.54 >0.2 >0.06


>0.54 >0.2 >0.06

2 97 9700 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable sandy clay, 5% small stones

29.3 2 0.23 Modern

2 97 9701 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown friable sandy clay 5% flint

29.3 2 0.12


29.3 2 0.09+

2 97 9703 Cut - Furrow Linear N-S aligned feature, sharp rounded concave sides to flat base

>1 0.39 0.03 Medieval/ Post-medieval

2 97 9704 Fill 9703 Fill Mid greyish brown friable and soft silty clay, 1% natural flint


2 97 9705 Cut - Tree throw Irregularly shaped feature, moderate sides with irregular/uneven base

2.11 1.48 0.11

2 97 9706 Fill 9705 Fill Light brownish grey friable sandy clay, 15% sub-angular stone

2.11 1.48 0.11


80


2 97 9707 Cut - Furrow Linear NE-SW aligned feature, unexcavated

>5.37 >1 unknown Medieval/ Post-medieval

2 97 9708 Fill 9707 Fill Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay

>5.31 >1 unknown Medieval/ Post-medieval

2 98 9800 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish brown sandy silt with modern debris and sub-rounded flint

30 2 0.25 Modern

2 98 9801 Layer - Subsoil Mid reddish brown silty clay with sub-rounded flint

30 2 0.23

2 98 9802 Layer - Natural Mid reddish yellow silty clay with common sub-rounded flint

30 2 0.1+

2 98 9803 Cut - Pit Oval feature, shallow sides, slightly concave and flat base

>1.35 1.7 0.11 Late Prehistoric

2 98 9804 Fill 9803 Fill Mid reddish brown friable to compact silty clay

>1.35 1.7 0.11 Late Prehistoric

2 98 9805 Cut - Tree throw Cut of tree throw, unexcavated

1.6 0.9 unknown

2 98 9806 Fill 9805 Fill Mid reddish/ yellowish brown silty clay, flecks of charcoal

1.6 0.9 unknown


3.1 0.85 unknown


3.1 0.85 unknown


1.51 0.98 unknown


1.51 0.98 unknown

2 99 9900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish brown loose clayey sand, moderate amount of chalk and sub-rounded stone

31.9 2 0.25 Modern

2 99 9901 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish brown friable and moist clayey sand, sparse amount of chalk

31.9 2 0.15

2 99 9902 Layer - Natural Light yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay with pale bluish patches

31.9 2 0.05+

2 99 9903 Cut - Furrow Linear NE-SW aligned feature, moderate and concave sides,



81


sub-rounded base

2 99 9904 Fill 9903 Fill Mid yellowish brown compact and firm sandy clay


2 99 9905 Cut - Furrow Irregular shaped linear, shallow irregular sides to sub rounded pitted base


2 99 9906 Fill 9905 Fill Mid yellowish brown compact clayey sand


2 100 10001 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish brown friable and soft sandy clay

39.24 2 0.19 Modern

2 100 10002 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish brown sandy clay occ natural flint

39.24 2 0.16

2 100 10003 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish brown silty clay, 5% natural flint

39.24 2 0.01+


82


APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Table 3: Finds Concordance

Context Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date

3004 medieval pottery Sandy oxidised (‘Newbury C’?) 2 70 C13-C15

CBM 2 19

3700 Burnt flint 4 23

3726 Iron rod 3 45

Iron nail 1 8

8704 CBM 1 12

8710 Iron U shaped spike 1 9

9300 Post-medieval pottery Glazed eathenware 1 4 MC16-C18

9304 CBM Pmed roof tile 1 136

9500 Post-medieval pottery Glazed eathenware 1 28 MC16-C18

Iron Gate fitting 1 49

9700 CBM 1 13

Iron object 1 24

9704 Iron nail 1 5

9706 Burnt flint 4 18

Flint Flake 1 10

9800 Post-medieval pottery Refined white ware 1 1 LC18-C19

9804 Prehistoric pottery Coarse flint-tempered 6 25 LBA?

Prehistoric pottery Fine flint-tempered 1 7

Prehistoric pottery ?organic-tempered 3 1

Flint 3x flake, 1x core 4 90

Burnt flint 16 456 Finds Concordance of artefacts recovered from a single bulk sample (Appendix C, Table 4)

Context Sample no. Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date

9004 1000 Late prehistoric pottery flint-tempered 2 1 Lpre

Glass modern 1 1

Flint Flake 1 9


83


APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Table 4: Assessment table of the palaeoenvironmental remains

Feature Context Sample Vol (L)

Flot

size (ml)

Roots % Grain Chaff

Charred Other

Notes for Table

Charcoal > 4/2mm Other

Trench 90 Posthole

9003 9004 1000 8 50 50 - - *

Prunus

spinosa

stone frag **/*** -

Key: + = 1–4 items; ++ = 5–19 items; +++ = 20–49 items; ++++ = 50–99 items; +++++ = >100 items

Table 5: Identified animal species by fragment count (NISP) and weight and context

Cut Fill EQ LM Ind Total Weight (g)

3123 3124 2 148 150 179

9300 1 1 54

Total 2 1 148 151

Weight 69 54 110 233

EQ = horse; LM = cattle size mammal; Ind = indeterminate


84


APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

Short description

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in June 2016 at Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire. Ninety-three trenches were excavated. Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-medieval and modern date) were identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 within Field 2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5. Within Field 2, a small pit was identified within Trench 90 which contained an assemblage of charcoal remains and a pit containing a small assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was identified within Trench 98 dating the feature to the late prehistoric period. Both pits are isolated examples indicative of temporary settlement activity dating to the prehistoric period. A similar isolated pit was also identified within Trench 92 but was undated. Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a series of three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics the ditches are typical of historic farming practices dating to the medieval period. Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field boundary network is likely to be associated with historic field boundaries dating to the medieval and post-medieval periods. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was found to the north within Field 4 and to the west and south-west within Field 5. Trench 38 in Field 4 contained a series of north/south orientated wheel ruts. Although these features were not excavated and no finds recovered their location situated parallel to the existing east field boundary also suggests a possible medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting. One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench evaluation within Field 1 – 5; all are likely to date to the modern period. Square cut postholes were found within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes were found within Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5. Based on their extensive intermittent positioning but also their projected alignments, morphology and fill characteristics and dating evidence, the postholes are likely to form part of an extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles to include barbed wire entanglements and possible timber constructed tank proof obstacles erected during important anti-invasion defence works. If the features are associated with a network of Second World War tactical obstacles, and this seems likely, then they are located between the southern end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge and to the north of the Area Defence associated with the heavily defended army camp located north of Ewshot and are important to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of Britain in 1940.

Project dates 08-23 June 2016

Project type

Trial trench evaluation


85


Previous work

Not known

Future work Unknown

PROJECT LOCATION

Site Location Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

Study area (M2/ha) 33 ha

Site co-ordinates SU 8015 5112

PROJECT CREATORS

Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology

Project Brief originator Hampshire County Council

Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Richard Greatorex

Project Supervisor Matt Nichol

MONUMENT TYPE None

SIGNIFICANT FINDS Possible WW2 defences

PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive (museum/Accession no.) Hampshire Museums Services

Content (e.g. pottery, animal bone etc)

Physical Ceramics, worked and burnt flint and animal bone etc

Paper Context sheets, matrices etc

Digital Database, digital photos etc

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ADS (Archaeological Data Service) (no date) Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area 51). Available at:

http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue//adsdata/arch-455-

1/dissemination/pdf/Text_Reports/DA51_TEXT_-_CHEQUERS_BRIDGE.pdf Accessed 12 July 2016

Aston, M. 1985 Interpreting the Landscape: Landscape Archaeology and Local History. London: Routledge

Baker, P. and Worley, F. 2014 Animal bones and archaeology: Guidelines for best practice Swindon,

English Heritage

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology

viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 24 June 2016

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016a Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Written Scheme

of Investigation for an Archaeological Investigation

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016b Pillbox WA65 & WA85, Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,

Hampshire: Historic Building Recording

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

Eyre, S R. 1955 The Curving Plough-strip and its Historical Implications. Agricultural History Review: Volume 3,



http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology%20viewer_google/googleviewer.html

http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology%20viewer_google/googleviewer.html


86


Number 2, pp 80-94

Foot, W. 2006 Beaches, fields, streets, and hills: the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940. York: CBA

Research Report 144

HMSO 1936 Manual of Field Engineering (Royal Engineers). Volume II. London: His Majesty’s Stationary Office

Stace, C 1997 New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Books

WA (Wessex Archaeology) 2014 Albany Park, Church Crookham, Hampshire – Archaeological Desk Based

Assessment (Client Report)

CITY OFSOUTHAMPTON

CITY OF

WESTBERKSHIRE

OXFORDSHIRE

READING

WOKINGHAM

BRACKNELLFOREST

WINDSOR ANDMAIDENHEAD

SLOUGH

London area(see inset)

SHIRE

HAMPSHIRE

WEST SUSSEX

SURREY

EAS

AM

SHIRE

HER

OF

T

CotswoldArchaeology

N

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

0 1km

Reproduced from the 2016 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109

c 1

Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

Site location plan

PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4

DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY

77038519-07-20161:25,000

LDLMLM

Andover 01264 347630

Cirencester 01285 771022

Exeter 01392 826185

Milton Keynes 01908 564660

w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

e [email protected]

SU

4949

7878 7979 8080 8181 8282

5050

5151

5252

5353

Field 5

Field 4

Field 3

Field 1

Field 2

T22

T23

T24

T28

T27

T26

T25

T21

T19

T20

T18

T9

T17

T16

T8

T7

T10

T1

T6

T22

T15

T12

T5

T2

T3

T4

T13

T14

T30

T29

T31

T32

T33

T34

T38

T35

T37

T39

T1

T41

T40

T42

T45

T46

T44

T43

T47

T48

T49

T52

T50

T51

T53

T54

T60

T55

T58

T59

T56

T57

T61

T62

T63

T64

T65

T66

T70

T69

T68

T73

T72

T71

T74

T75

T76

T83

T84

T85

T87

T89

T88

T86

T92

T90

T91

T96

T94

T93

T98

T97

T99

T95

T100

150800

151000

151200

151400

479800

480000

480200

480400

access point

Digital base map supplied by client

P:\770385 Land at W

atery Lane, C

hurch C

rookham

, H

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pshire H

BR

&

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val\Illustration\D

rafts\770385_figs.dw

g

N

DRAWN BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

LD

LM

LM

PROJECT NO.

DATE

SCALE@A3

770385

21/07/2016

1:2,500

PROJECT TITLE

Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham,

Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE

Trench location plan showing

archaeological features, services and

fields 1 - 5

FIGURE NO.

2

site boundary

evaluation trench

archaeological feature

modern

field drain

treethrow

bioturbation

modern service

Andover

Cirencester

Exeter

Milton Keynes

www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

[email protected]

w

e

01264 347630

01285 771022

01392 826185

01908 564660

100m0

T59

T61

T62

T63

T64

T65

T66

T70

T69

T68

T73

T72

T71

T74

T75

T76

T84

T85

T88

T86

T92

T94

T93

Field 1

P:\770385 Land at W

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g

N

G:\Illustration\Illustration templates\autocad_template\CA_Logo_for_CAD.jpg

DRAWN BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

LD

LM

LM

PROJECT NO.

DATE

SCALE@A3

770385

21/07/2016

1:750

PROJECT TITLE


Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE

Field 1: Trench location plan showing

archaeological features

FIGURE NO.

3

Andover

Cirencester

Exeter

Milton Keynes


[email protected]

w

e

01264 347630

01285 771022

01392 826185

01908 564660


30m0

site boundary

evaluation trench


modern

field drain

treethrow

bioturbation

modern service

T64

T69

T68

T73

T74

T76

T83

T84

T85

T87

T89

T88

T86

T92

T90

T91

T96

T94

T93

T98

T97

T99

T95

T100

Field 2

P:\770385 Land at W

atery Lane, C

hurch C

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&

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val\Illustration\D


g

N

G:\Illustration\Illustration templates\autocad_template\CA_Logo_for_CAD.jpg

DRAWN BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

LD

LM

LM

PROJECT NO.

DATE

SCALE@A3

770385

21/07/2016

1:750

PROJECT TITLE


Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE



FIGURE NO.

4

Andover

Cirencester

Exeter

Milton Keynes


[email protected]

w

e

01264 347630

01285 771022

01392 826185

01908 564660


30m0

site boundary

evaluation trench


modern

field drain

treethrow

bioturbation

modern service

See Fig. 10

See Fig. 11

T39

T46

T47

T48

T49

T52

T50

T51

T53

T54

T60

T55

T58

T59

T56

T57

T61

T62

T63

Field 1

Field 3

P:\770385 Land at W

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DRAWN BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

LD

LM

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PROJECT NO.

DATE

SCALE@A3

770385

21/07/2016

1:750

PROJECT TITLE


Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE



FIGURE NO.

5

Andover

Cirencester

Exeter

Milton Keynes


[email protected]

w

e

01264 347630

01285 771022

01392 826185

01908 564660


30m0

site boundary

evaluation trench


modern

field drain

treethrow

bioturbation

modern service

access point

See fig. 12

See fig. 13

Field 4

T26

T17

T16

T15

T30

T29

T31

T32

T33

T34

T38

T35

T37

T39

T1

T41

T40

T42

T45

T46

T44

T43

T47

T48

T49

T52

T50

T51

T53

T83

P:\770385 Land at W

atery Lane, C

hurch C

rookham

, H

am

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BR

&

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val\Illustration\D


g

N

DRAWN BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

LD

LM

LM

PROJECT NO.

DATE

SCALE@A3

770385

21/07/2016

1:1000

PROJECT TITLE


Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE



FIGURE NO.

6

Andover

Cirencester

Exeter

Milton Keynes


[email protected]

w

e

01264 347630

01285 771022

01392 826185

01908 564660


site boundary

evaluation trench


modern

field drain

treethrow

bioturbation

modern service

40m0

See fig. 15

See fig. 14

See fig. 16

Field 4

T22

T23

T24

T28

T27

T26

T25

T21

T19

T20

T18

T9

T17

T16

T8

T7

T10

T1

T6

T22

T15

T12

T5

T2

T3

T4

T13

T14

T30

T29

T31

T32

T33

T34

T35

T37

T1

Field 5

P:\770385 Land at W

atery Lane, C

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rookham

, H

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g

N

DRAWN BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

LD

LM

LM

PROJECT NO.

DATE

SCALE@A3

770385

21/07/2016

1:1000

PROJECT TITLE


Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE



FIGURE NO.

7

Andover

Cirencester

Exeter

Milton Keynes


[email protected]

w

e

01264 347630

01285 771022

01392 826185

01908 564660


site boundary

evaluation trench


modern

field drain

treethrow

bioturbation

modern service

40m0

Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area 51) - page 2 of 13

There is a fine viewshed from the hill at Hancock's farm looking towards Chequers Bridge, another from the hillock west of Albany Farm, and others across the defence area formed by the pattern of fields and woods. The Basingstoke Canal acts as a prime focus linking the various viewsheds.

Fig. 2 - Air photograph taken in January 1946 showing the central and southern parts of the defence area. Chequers Bridge is at the upper centre where the curving line of the Basingstoke Canal can be clearly seen. Hancock's Farm lies to the south at the edge of woodland [to the left of centre of the photograph] and Coxmoor Wood is at the left edge. The line of the filled in anti-tank ditches can be made out both north and south of the Canal. The centre of Crookham Village, and Pilcot, are off the photograph to the north.

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

8


Foot, W. 2209, “DA51 Chequers Bridge” in Defence Areas: a national study of Second World War anti-invasion landscapes in England. Swindon: English Heritage

Aerial mapping of Chequers Bridge Switch Line (circa 1946)



77038521/07/2016N/A

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Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

evaluation site

Chequers Bridge switch line (tank trap)

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

9


Manual of Field Engineering. Vol. II (Royal Engineers) 1936, London: HM Stationery Office

Illustration of Tank-proof Obstacles, Royal Engineers Manual (circa 1936)



77038521/07/2016N/A

LDLMLM

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

10


Field 2: Trench 90 plan, section and photograph



77038521/07/20161:10

LDLMRG

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

89.0mAOD

W E

Section AAN

0 0.5m

AA

9004

9004

Trench 90 looking north (1m scales)

pit9003

pit9003

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

11


Field 2: Trench 98 plan, section and photographs



77038526/07/20161:20

LDLMRG

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

0 1m

0 1m

91.8mAOD

E W

Section BBLOE

pit9803

pit9803

Trench 98 looking north (1m scales)

Pit 9803 looking south (1m scale)B

B

T98

9804

N

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

12


Field 3: Trench 55 plan, section and photographs



77038526/07/20161:20; 1:100

LDLMRG

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

1:200 1m

1:1000 5m

83.1mAOD

E W

Section CC

posthole5503

ditch5505

field drain

Trench 55 looking west (1m scales)

Ditch 5505 looking south (1m scales)

C C

T55

N

5500

5501

5506

55025502

ditch5505

posthole5903

posthole5907 posthole

5911 posthole5913 posthole

5917 posthole5921 posthole

5923 posthole5927 ditch

5941 posthole5929

ditch5943


5935 posthole5937

posthole5939

posthole5933

posthole5925

posthole5919

posthole5915

posthole5909

posthole5905

T59

Posthole 5923 looking west (20cm scale) Trench 59 looking east (1m scales)

CotswoldArchaeology

N

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

13


Field 3: Trench 59 plan, sections and photographs



77038526/07/161:10; 1:100

LDLMRG

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

1:100 0.5m

1:1000 5m

F

FE

E

D

D

84.1mAOD

N S

Section DD

84.1mAOD

E W

Section EE

84.0mAOD

SW NE

Section FF

5909

5916

5915

5924

5923

5910

posthole3103

posthole3105


3109


3114


3119

posthole3121

ditch3123ditch

3117

field drain

T31

Posthole 3109 looking east (20cm scale) Ditch 3117 looking south (40cm scale) Trench 31 looking east (1m scales)

CotswoldArchaeology

N

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

14





77038526/07/161:10; 1:100

LDLMRG

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

1:100 0.5m

1:1000 5m

H

HG

G

78.1mAOD

N S

Section GG

78.3mAOD

SE NW

Section HH

3110

3109 3118

3117

field drain

pit3703

pit3705

pit3707

pit3711

pit3715

posthole3709

posthole3713

posthole3717


3721

posthole3723

posthole3727

elongated pit3725

wood

T37

Elongated pit 3721 looking south-east (40cm scale) Trench 37 looking west (1m scales)

CotswoldArchaeology

N

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

15





77038526/07/161:10; 1:100

LDLMRG

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

1:100 0.5m

1:1000 5m

I

JI

J

80.8mAOD

N S

Section II

80.8mAOD

W E

Section JJ

37263729

37293725

3725

3726

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

16


Field 4: Trench 43 plan and photograph



77038526/07/20161:100

LDLMRG

Andover 01264 347630


Exeter 01392 826185



e [email protected]

Trench 43 looking west (1m scales)

posthole4313

posthole4311

posthole4309

posthole4307

posthole4305

posthole4303

field drain

N

1:1000 5m

CotswoldArchaeology

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

FIGURE NO.

17


Reinstatement undertaken by CA between Field 4 and Field 5



77038521/07/2016N/A

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church crookham hampshire - cotswold archaeology€¦ · land at watery lane hampshire...

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