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C QUAN DINH D NGTr n Th Thanh H ng

Khoa Khoa hc

Ch

ng III

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KhKhii ninimm chungchungC C quanquan dinhdinh d d ngng ccaa thth cc vvtt b bcc caocao bao baogg mm r r ,, thnthn ,, llLL vv thnthn cc hhnhnh ththnhnh trongtrong mm phn phn

sinhsinh ngngnn ccaa chch ii ngngnn vv chch ii bn bn ,, thth chchnghinghi vvii chch cc n ngn ng vvnn chuychuy nn chch tt dinhdinhd d ngng vv titi p p nhnhnn nhnh ssngng mmtt tr tr ii

ThnThn vv r r ccngng cc nhnh ngng nntt cc tr ngtr ngchungchung vv hhnhnh ddngng ,, cc uu ttoo,, chch cc n ngn ng vvcc ttnhnh sinhsinh tr tr ngng ..

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H thn

Hr

R chnh

R bn

ThnPhi n lCu ng lL

Cnh

Ch i nchLngM u

HoaCh ingn

Ch i cacnh

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R R CYCYLL mmtt b b ph phnn c c quanquan dinhdinh d d ngng ccaa cycyth th ngng mmcc d d ii ttChCh cc n ngn ng ccaa r r ::

HH p p ththn n cc vv mumu ii khokho ngng nuinui cycyGiGi chchtt cycy vvoo tt

MMtt ss r r cncn llmm chch cc n ngn ng dd tr tr

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HH nhnh ththii rrKhiKhi quanquan sstt bn bn ngongo ii mmtt r r chch nhnh ccaacycy tata thth yy nn gg mm cc 55 mimi nn::MiMi nn chch p p r r

MiMi nn sinhsinh tr

tr

ngng ((MM phn phn sinhsinh ngngnn))MiMi nn phn phn hhaa (( o onn t ngt ng tr tr ngng ))

MiMi nn hhtt ((MiMi nn hh p p thth,, mimi nn lnglng hhtt))MiMi nn vvnn chuychuy nn (( o onn ddnn truytruy nn ))

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Cc mi

n c

a r

Mi n sinhtr ng

Mi nphn ha

Mi n lng ht

Chpr

M phnsinh ngn

Lng ht

Bi u bV Trgi a

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MiMi nn chchpp rrLL b b ph phnn ttnn ccngng bao bao b bcc bn bn ngongo ii uu r r ..ChCh p p r r cc hhnhnh ddngng mmtt ccii bao bao ,, mmuu tr tr ngng

b bcc ll yy ngngnn r r ,, tt b boo th th ngng hhaa nhnh yy gigimm ss cc sstt gigi aa r r cycy vv tt,, vv titi tt raraacidacid haha tantan mmtt ss mumu ii khokho ngng

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MiMi nn sinhsinh tr tr ngng ((MM phnphn sinhsinhngngnn))

N Nmm ngayngay trongtrong chch p p r r ..

LL mm phn phn sinhsinh uu r r ,, cc uu ttoo b bii nhnh ngng tt b boo phn phn chiachia mnhmnh lilitt llmm r r ddii rara ..

HH p p ththnhnh 33 tt ngng tt b boo::TT ngng d d ii:: tt ngng sinhsinh b b TT ngng gigi aa:: tt ngng sinhsinh vvTT ngng trntrn :: tt ngng sinhsinh tr tr gigi aa

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M nn s nhs n tr tr ngng M ph np n s nhs n

ngngnn))33 tt ngng tt b boo trntrn :: tt ngng sinhsinh b b ,, tt ngng sinhsinh vv,, tt ngngsinhsinh tr tr gg aa hohott ngng h ih i khkh cc nhaunhau gigi aa cycy 11 llmm mm vv cycy 22 ll mm mm

Chp r

T ng lng htV

Tr gi a

T ng sinh b to ra:Chp r bn d i

T ng lng ht trn

T ng sinh v to ra: vc p 1

T ng sinh tr gi a to ra: tr gi a

Cy 1 l m mCy 2 l m m

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MiMi nn phnphn hhaa (( o onn t ngt ngtr tr ngng))

N Nmm ngayngay trntrn mimi nn sinhsinh tr tr ngng ,, nhnh ngng tt b boo ccaa mimi nn nnyy b btt uu phn phn hhaa hhnhnhththnhnh cccc mm

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MiMi nn hhtt ((MiMi nn hh pp thth,, mimi nn lnglnghhtt))

LL mimi nn quanquan tr tr ngng nhnh tt ccaa r r ,, cc chch cc n ngn nghhtt nhnh aa nguynnguynMiMi nn nnyy cc chichi uu ddii khngkhng ii ii vvii mmiiloloiiMMtt ngongo ii cc r r tt nhinhi uu lnglng hhtt

KhiKhi r r cycy ddii rara thth lnglng hhtt ph ph aa trntrn r r ngng i ivv lnglng hhtt mmii mmcc thmthm ph ph aa d d ii

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MiMi nn vvnn chuychuy nn (( o onn ddnntruytruy nn ))

CC cc uu ttoo thth cc p p Nhi Nhimm vv chch nhnh ll vvnn chuychuy nn thth cc n n lnlnthnthn vv gg p p ph ph nn nngnng cycy ccngng vvii thnthnMMtt ngongo ii o onn nnyy tt mm chch tt b b nn ((suberinsuberin ))

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CCC KIC KI U R U R GG mm cc 22 hh r r chch nhnh

HH r r tr tr

HH r r chch mm

Ngo Ngo ii rara cncn cc nhnh ngng r r ph phmmcc rara tt thnthncycy ,, ccnhnh cycy ,, cc khikhi tt ll cycy

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HH rr trtrR R chch nhnh llnn,, mmcc

ththngng ,, cc ph ph tt tritri nntt r r phi phi cncn ggii ll r r cc p p 1.1. R R chch nhnh phn phnnhnh nhnh ththnhnh r r bn bn ggiill r r cc p p 2,2, tt r r cc p p 22llii phn phn ththnhnh r r cc p p33

cc tr ngtr ng chocho r r cycy 22

ll mm mm vv cycy hhtt tr tr nn

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HH rrchchmmKhngKhng cc r r chch nhnh ,, gg mm nhinhi uur r concon cc sinhsinh rara tt mm uud d ii ccaa thnthn ,, khngkhng ph phii tt r r chch nhnh vv r r bn bn

CCcc r r nnyy khngkhng cc sinhsinhtr tr ngng thth cc p p ,, hhnhnh ddngng vvk k chch th th cc t ngt ng ii ngng uu cc tr ngtr ng chocho r r cycy 11 ll mm mm

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BIBI N THN THI CI CA R A R R R cc ((VV dd:: ccccii,, cc r r tt))CC ((VV dd:: ccccii,, cc ssnn,, cckhoaikhoai mm ))

R R chch ngng ((R R nnngng ,, R R cc kheokheo ) () ( VV dd:: cc,, ss ))R R b bnhnh ((VV dd:: a a,, ss uu))R R khkh sinhsinh ((VV dd:: phong phong lanlan ,, tiutiu ,, tr tr uu))R R cctt ((VV dd:: SiSi ,, a a))

R R b bmm ((VV dd:: Tr Tr uu,, tiutiu ))

R R hh hh p p ((VV dd:: CyCy b btt mmcc,, b b nn,, vvtt))R R phao phao ((VV dd: Rau: Rau dd aa n n cc))R R gigicc mmtt ((VV dd:: TT mm gg ii))

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HH nhnh nhnh mmtt ss loloii rr bibi nnththii

R c

R ch ng R kh sinh

R bnh

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HH nhnh nhnh mmtt ss loloii rr bibi nnththii

R ct R bm R h h p

R gic mtR phao

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CC U TU T O GIO GI I PHI PH U CU CA R A R R R cycy lunlun cc ii xx ngng quaqua mmtt tr tr cc (( iixx ngng ttaa trntrn hayhay ii xx ngng ph ph ngng xx))BaoBao gg mm::

CC uu ttoo s

s

cc p p ((cc uu ttoo cc p p 1)1)R R cycy 22 ll mm mmR R cycy 11 ll mm mm

CC uu ttoo thth cc p p ((cc uu ttoo cc p p 2)2)R R cycy hhtt tr tr nn vv cycy 22 ll mm mm

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R R cycy 22 ll mm mm s s cc pp ((cc pp 1)1)KhiKhi cctt ngangngang r r cycy quaqua mimi nn lnglng hhttthth yy gg mm 22 ph ph nn rr r r tt::

VV:: ddyy

Tr Tr gigi aa:: nhnh

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R cy 2 l m m s c p (c p 1)

S c u to rcy 2 l m m s

TR GI A

Lng ht

T ng lng ht

Ngoi bNhu m v

Ni b

Trb

B libe

B g

Nhu m rut

V

V

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R R cycy 22 ll mm mm s

s

cc pp ((cc pp 1)1)PhPh nn vvTT ngng lnglng hhtt:: gg mm mmtt ll p p tt b boo ss ngng ,, cc mmtt ss tt b boo mmcc ddii ththnhnh lnglng hhtt..NgoNgoii bb :: nnmm sstt tt ngng lnglng hhtt gg mm 11 ll p p tt b boo

NhuNhu mm vv:: ddyy,, gg mm nhinhi uu ll p p tt b boo ss ngng ,, mmngngcellulosecellulose mmngng ,, chch aa nhinhi uu tinhtinh b bttNNii bb :: cc uu ttoo b bii mmtt ll p p tt b boo hhnhnh chch nhnhttxx p p r r tt khkh tt nhaunhau ,, cc tr ngtr ng b bii cc uu ttoo ccaa khungkhungcasparycaspary .. KhungKhung casparycaspary cc hhnhnh ththnhnh dodo ss hhaa

b b nn ccaa cccc vvchch xuynxuyn tmtm ..

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R cy 2 l m m s c p (c p 1)

V

Trb

Khungcaspary

T bo

ni b

T bo ni b ckhung caspary

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R R cycy 22 ll mm mm s

s

cc pp ((cc pp 1)1)TrTrgigi aaTrTr bb :: gg mm mmtt hohocc haihai ll p p tt b boo ss ngng xx p p xenxenk k vvii ll p p nnii b b ..BB mmchch:: gg mm b b gg vv b b libelibe xx p p xenxen k k nhaunhautrntrn mmtt vngvng trntrn .. SS l l ngng b b mmchch khngkhng ququ 88

b b,, gg mm cc::BB gg:: gg mm totonn mmchch gg,, khngkhng cc nhunhu mm gg,, mmchch gg

phn phn hhaa h h ngng tmtm ..

BB libelibe :: gg mm mmchch ryry vv nhunhu mm libelibe ..TiaTia rurutt:: nnmm gigi aa b b libelibe vv b b ggNhuNhu mm rurutt:: tt,, cc vaivai trtr dd tr tr ..

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R R cycy 22 ll mm mm s

s

cc pp ((cc pp 1)1)Bi u bT bonhu m

vB libe

B g

Nhu mrut

Hnh ct ngang rca cy u

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R cy 1 l m m

S c u to rcy 1 l m m

TR GI A

Lng htT ng lng ht

Nhu m vNgoi b

Ni b

TrbB libe

B g

Mch hu mc

Nhu m rut

V

V

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So snh r cy 2 l m m s c pv r cy 1 l m m

TG TG

V VT ng lng ht

Ngoi b

Nhu m v

Ni bTrb

B libe

B g

Nhu m rut

Lng ht

Mch hu mc

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R R

cycy

11

ll

mm

mm

Ct ngang ph n trgi a ca cy 1 lm m

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CC uu ttoo thth cc ppChCh cc ngng nhnh hhtt tr tr nn vv ll p p 22 ll mm mmccaa ngng nhnh hhtt k k nn

DoDo ss hohott ngng ccaa mm phn phn sinhsinh thth cc p p gg mm::

TT ngng sinhsinh b b nnT T ngng tt ngng libelibe gg

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TT

ngng

sinhsinh

bb

nn

XuXu tt hihinn tt ll p p tr tr b b

DoDo ss hhnhnh ththnhnh ll p p b b nn mm tt tt cccccc tt b booccaa ll p p vv s s cc p p ss b b ng nng n ccchch vvii khkh ii tt

b boo ss ngng bn bn trongtrong b bii nhnh ngng tt b boo khngkhngddnn n n cc vv thth cc n n ccaa tt ngng b b nn,, chch ngng ss b b chch tt vv b b llcc rara khkhii r r cycy ..

T ng sinh b n

B n

Nhu b

Chub

Th b

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T

T ngng tt ngng libelibe ggTh Th ngng xuxu tt hihinn r r tt ssmm trongtrong r r cycy ,, xuxu tt

hihinn tr tr cc tt ngng sinhsinh b b nn.. N Nmm ngongo ii b b gg vvtrongtrong b b libelibe ,, hohott

ngng chocho rara bn bn ngongo ii lllibelibe 2,2, bn bn trongtrong ll gg 2,2, o onn t t ngng tt ngng trntrn nhnh b b gg sschocho tiatia rurutt..

BB gg 22 phn phn hhaa lili tmtm ,, libelibe 22 phn phn hhaah h ngng tmtm ..

T T ngng tt ngng libelibe gg ccngng hohott ngng thth b b bibe bibe11 vv b b gg 11 ccngng b b yy xaxa nhaunhau .. BB libelibe 11dd nn dd nn tiutiu bi bi nn i i,, vaivai trtr ddnn nhnh aa luyluynnssdodo libelibe 22 mm nhnhnn..

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T

T

ngng tt ngng libelibe gg

V tr ca t ng t ng libe g trong rcy 2 l m m

l b

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T ng t ng libe gB nT ng sinh b n

Nhu b

Tia rutLibe 2

T ng t ng libe gG2

G1

Mch hu mc

S

c u tor cy 2 lm m th c p