Rigging, Signals, Power Line Safety & Assembly / Disassembly in Construction Safety Standard WAC 296-155

Chuck LemonCrane Safety Manager

Topics to be Covered

Crane Requirements for Const. Activities–Rigging & Signal Person–Part L Changes–Power Line Requirements–Assembly / Disassembly

296-155-Part L Phase 1- Effective January 1, 2010 (Crane Safety Rule)

Crane Certification Operator Certification

• Crane Types Includes: Mobile, Articulating, Tower cranes

when used in the construction industry

296-155-Part L Cranes Included (performing construction activities)

• Mobile Cranes Crawler Cranes• Lattice Boom Hydraulic Telescoping Boom• Articulating Rough Terrain Cranes • Tower Cranes Self Erecting Tower Cranes • Derricks Digger Derricks

Exempt (crane certification and operator certification)• Cranes <2000 # capacity Backhoes• Automobile Wreckers Pump Hoists• Forklifts Dedicated Drilling Rig • Permanently installed overhead/bridge cranes

Washington State Crane Rule

Phase 2- Effective February 1, 2012 WAC 296-155, Safety Standards for Construction Workers,

Part L • As effective as OSHA

• Incorporated Latest ASME Requirements for Slings and Rigging Hardware

• 270 pages

296-155 Part L

Crane certification Crane proof load testing-

requirements Crane certifier qualifications and

accreditation Crane Operator qualifications and

certification Signals and Signal person

qualifications Rigging and Rigger qualifications Crane inspection and operational

requirement

Duties of assigned personnel Assembly/disassembly Mobile, Tower, Articulating Overhead

cranes , and Derricks Wire Rope Inspections Power line safety Training Safety devices and Operational aids Personnel lifting requirements Rigging and rigging hardware

Table of Contents (Reader’s Digest Version)

Signal Persons Qualifications 296-155-53302

Signal Person (Required as of Feb 1, 2012) This applies to construction activities which involve cranes,

derricks, and powered industrial trucks which have been configured to hoist and lower by means of a winch or hook

A Qualified Signal Person is required when:– Point of operation is not in full view of operator– View of direction of travel is obstructed– Site specific safety concerns which the operator or

person handling the load determines it necessary– working near energized power lines and a dedicated

spotter is used, this spotter must also be a qualified signal person

Signal Person Qualifications

Qualification Requirements:– Know and understand the type(s) of signals

which will be used– Competent in the application of the type of

signals used– Have a basic understanding of equipment

operation and limitations, crane dynamics, and boom deflection

Signal Person Qualifications

As of February 1st, 2012 Qualification Requirements:

– Verbal or written test – AND practical test

– Documentation from qualified evaluator must be on site

• A Third Party Qualified Evaluator

• An Employer Qualified Evaluator

– Employer qualification is not portable

Qualified Rigger (296-155-53306)

What did the Rule say Before?

WAC 296-155-329 Qualified person – Rigging. Qualified person – A person who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter. Also has authorization or authority by the nature of their position to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. The person shall be knowledgeable in the requirements of this part.

Riggers (cont’d)

Qualification Requirements:– Know and understand the

requirements of applicable ASME standards (such as B30.9,Slings and B30.26, Rigging Hardware)

– Know and understand the type of sling and hitches used including removal criteria for rigging gear

– Be competent in the application of the type of hitches used

Riggers (cont’d)

Qualification Requirements:– Basic understanding of the applicable

slings, rigging hardware, winch, below-the-hook lifting devices and their limitations

– Know and understand rigging related conditions, such as load weight estimation, center of gravity, effect of angles on rigging components and basic hand signals, as applicable.

Riggers (cont’d)

Qualification Documents: (July 31, 2012) Changed to:

(February 1, 2013)– Written and Practical test – Documentation from qualified

evaluator must be on site• A Third Party Qualified Evaluator

• An Employer Qualified Evaluator

– Employer's qualification is not portable

Qualified Rigger When required:

– During hoisting activities while Assembling or Disassembling a crane or derrick

– Whenever workers are :• Hooking, unhooking, guiding the load or• in the initial connection of a load to a component or

structure and are within the fall zone This applies to all construction material handling

activities, including cranes, derricks, powered industrial trucks, excavators, backhoes , loaders, come-a-longs, chain falls, etc. The Department is looking at developing a separate set of requirements for Material Handling not involving Cranes.

Qualified Riggers and Signal Persons

Qualified Rigger________________________________

Date _______________________

Rigging Type: Chain Slings Wire Rope Synthetic Metal Mesh

Rigging Hardware: Shackles Turnbuckles Eye Bolts Wire Rope Clips

Third Party Evaluator __________________________Employer Evaluator ___________________________Evaluator Signature___________________________Evaluator Company____________________________

•The employer must make the documentation for whichever option is used available at the site while the rigger or signal person is employed by the employer.• The documentation must specify each type of rigging and signaling type • The documentation must specify each type of signaling

Sample DocumentationQualified Signal Person__________________________

Date _______________________

Signaling Type: Voice Hand Radio Other_______________

Crane Type: Mobile Tower Articulating Overhead

Third Party Evaluator _________________________Employer Evaluator ___________________________Evaluator Signature ___________________________Evaluator Company____________________________

Power Line Safety 296-155-53408

Power Line Safety Requirements If the crane, load, or rigging could get closer than 20/50 feet to an

energized power line there are new safety requirements which apply. 

If the crane, load, or rigging can not get closer than 20/50 feet to the power line even if the crane is operated at its maximum working radius, the 20/50-foot requirement is satisfied.

Minimum approach distance:

Up to 350kv 20 Feet

Over 350KV 50 Feet

Power Line Safety Requirements (Part L before 2/1/2012)

For energized power lines rated at or below 50kV the minimum approach distance shall be 10 ft.

For lines rated over 50 kV., minimum clearance between the lines and any part of the crane or load shall be 10 feet plus 0.4 inch for each 1 kV. over 50 kV., or twice the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet

Power Line Safety Requirements (Table 4)

Minimum Clearance Distances Table

Voltage Minimum clearance distance

up to 50 (kV) 10 (feet)

over 50 to 200 15

over 200 to 345 20

over 345 to 500 25

over 500 to 750 35

over 750 to 1,000 45

That was

easy

Power Line Safety Requirements

Identify the Work Zone Define the work zone by

demarcating boundaries such as flags, or a device such as a range limit device or a range control warning device and prohibiting the operator from operating past those boundaries.

Note Flags

If the crane or load COULD get closer than 20/50 feet of Power Lines in the Work Zone

Crane operations near power lines, use one of 3 Options– Option 1 - Deenergize & Ground

Power lines

– Option 2 - Maintain 20/50 foot clearance

– Option 3 - Obtain power line voltage from Utility Owner/Operator and ensure the crane or rigging does not get closer than the distances listed in Table 4

Power Line Safety Requirements Options 2 and 3 require the following: Conduct a planning meeting with crane

operator, & all workers who will be in the area of crane & load

This meeting must address the location of the power lines and the steps that will be implemented to prevent encroachment-electrocution

If tag lines are used they must be nonconductive

Erect elevated warning line, barricade, or line of signs, in view of the operator, equipped with flags or similar high-visibility markings

(opt 2 = 20/50 feet; opt 3 = Table 4)

Nonconductive

Nonconductive means that, because of the nature and condition of the materials used, and the conditions of use (including environmental conditions and condition of the material), the object in question has the property of not becoming energized (that is, it has high dielectric properties offering a high resistance to the passage of current under the conditions of use).

Power Line Safety Requirements Options 2 and 3 also requires at

least one of the following:• Proximity Alarm *

• Dedicated Spotter that is also a “Qualified Signal Person”

• Range Control Warning Device

• Range Movement Limiter

• Insulating Link *

• * Currently, Proximity alarms and Insulating Links do not meet the National Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) requirements.

Power Line Safety Requirements If Dedicated Spotter is used, 5 rqmt.

must be met:1. Spotter must be in continuous contact

with operator

2. Be equipped with a visual aid to assist in identifying minimum clearance distance• Examples of visual aid include:

Clearly visible line painted on ground, clearly visible line of stations, line-of-site landmarks (such as a fence post and building corner)

Power Line Safety Requirements If Dedicated Spotter is used cont.:

3. Be positioned to effectively gauge the clearance distance

4. Where necessary, use equipment that enables spotter to communicate directly with operator, such as radio or telephone

5. Give timely information to the operator so that the required clearance distance can be maintained

29

Could you get within 20 feet of a power line?

YES NO

Option #1 Deenergize & Ground

Encroachment Prevention Measures

Option #3Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table 4 (with minimum

clearance distance)

Option #220-foot Clearance

No Further Action

• Planning Meeting• If Tag Lines are Used, They Must be Nonconductive• Elevated Warning Lines, Barricades, or Line of Signs

PLUS (Choose One):

• Proximity Alarm*, Spotter, Range Control Warning Device, Range Limiter, or Insulating Link*

Operation INSIDE Table 4 ALL of the following MUST be met: (41 items) Notify Crane Safety Program at L&I

– (360) 902-4943 or LNICranes@Lni.wa.gov

Employer determines it is infeasible to perform job without breaching minimum approach distances

After consultation with utility owner/operator it is determined infeasible to deenergize & ground power lines or relocate the power lines

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

Power Line owner/operator determines the minimum clearance distance

Hold a planning meeting with utility owner/operator to determine the procedures to be followed in order to prevent electrical contact – procedures must include:– Deactivation of device that automatically

reenergizes circuit in event of power line contact– Employ a dedicated spotter – Spotter must:

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

– Be equipped with a visual aid to assist in identifying the minimum clearance distance

– Be positioned to effectively gauge clearance distance

– Use equipment that enables the dedicated spotter to communicate directly with the operator

– Give timely information to the operator– Dedicated spotter must be a Qualified Signal

Person (see WAC 296-155-53302)

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

Have an elevated warning line in view of the operator with high-visibility flags

Use an insulating link* installed at a point between the end of the load line and the load

All employees who may come into contact with the equipment must wear gloves rated for the voltage involved

Use nonconductive rigging

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

Use range limiter (if equipped) that is set to prevent breaching minimum clearance distance

If tag line is used it must be nonconductive Barricade a perimeter at least 10 feet away

from crane to prevent unauthorized entry Employees must be prohibited from touching

the load line above the insulating link

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.

Only essential employees are permitted in the area of the crane and load

The crane must be properly grounded Insulating line hose or cover-up must be

installed by the utility owner/operator Procedures are documented and available on-

site The following personnel must meet with the

utility owner/operator to discuss procedures:

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.– Crane user, crane operator, ALL workers that will

be in the area of the crane or load

Employer must ensure procedures are implemented

Employer must identify one person who will direct the implementation of the procedures

If a problem occurs implementing the procedures or it is found that the procedures are inadequate, new procedures must be developed or deenergize power lines

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont. All safety devices, operational aids must meet

manufacturer’s procedures for use The employer must train each employee and

crew member assigned to work with the crane as follows:– Procedures to be followed to prevent electrical

contact– Information regarding the danger of electrocution

from the operator simultaneously touching the crane and ground

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.– The importance of the operator remaining inside

the cab except where imminent danger of fire, explosion, or other emergency that necessitates leaving the cab

– The safest means of evacuating from the crane that may be energized

– The danger of potentially energized zone around the crane (step potential)

– The need for crew in the area to avoid approaching or touching the crane or load

Operation INSIDE Table 4 cont.– Safe clearance distance from power lines– Power lines are presumed energized unless utility

owner/operator confirms them insulated– The limitations of an insulating link, proximity

alarm, and range control device– The procedures to be followed to properly ground

crane and limitations of grounding

Power Line Safety

Crane assembly/disassembly below energized power lines is prohibited.

Crane assembly/disassembly inside Table 4 is prohibited.

Non-Exempt Crane

Crane Exempt52900-53300

ExcavatorW /rigging

Excavator W/O rigging

Forklift W/O attachment

Forklift W hook winch

Crane Certification Yes N/A EXEMPT EXEMPT

Follow 296-863

Follow 296-863

Operator Certification Yes N/A EXEMPT EXEMPT

Follow 296-863

Follow 296-863

**Qualified Rigger **53306

When Required

296-155-55600(1)

When Required

296-155-55600(1)

When Required

296-155-55600(1)

When Required

296-155-55600(1)

When Required

296-155-55600(1)

When Required

296-155-55600(1)

**Qualified Signal Person **53302

When Required

296-155-53406(1)

When Required

296-155-53406(1)

EXEMPT EXEMPT EXEMPTWhen

Required296-155-53406(1)

Power Line 296-155 Part L

Applicable Applicable EXEMPT EXEMPT EXEMPT Applicable

Power Line 296-155 Part I

N/A N/A Applicable Applicable Applicable N/A

Power Lines 296-155-Part L or Part I

Operator Certification

Equipment Certification

Qualified Signal Person (Part L 53302)

?

Qualified Rigger (Part L 53306)

?

Power Lines 296-155-Part L or Part I

Qualified Signal Person (Part L 53302)

?

Qualified Rigger (Part L 53306)

?

Operator Certification

Equipment Certification

863

Responsibilities: Duties of Assigned Personnel Crane Owner: has custodial control of the crane by

virtue of lease or ownership

Crane User: arranges the crane’s presence on a worksite and controls its use there

Site Supervisor: exercises supervisory control over the work site on which a crane is being used and over the work that is being performed on that site

Lift Director: directly oversees the work being performed by a crane and the associated rigging crew

Crane Operator: directly controls the crane’s function

Assembly/Disassembly

Assembly/Disassembly Crane assembly or disassembly must be

controlled by an Assembly/Disassembly (A/D) Director

Must comply with:– Manufacturer procedures,

or– Employer procedures, which must be

developed by a qualified person.

Assembly/Disassembly Preassembly inspection.

– Prior to assembling crane components or attachments the A/D director must visually inspect the components and attachments to ensure:

• Sound physical condition• Meet manufacturer’s recommendations• Functional per manufacturer's recommendations

Documentation of this inspection must remain at the job site while the crane/derrick is in use.

Assembly/Disassembly Procedures – Assembly/Disassembly procedures must address:

• Ways to prevent unintended dangerous movement or collapse of any part of the equipment;

• Adequate support and stability of all parts of the equipment; and

• Positioning employees involved in the assembly/disassembly operation that will minimize their exposure to unintended movement or collapse of the equipment.

– The A/D director must follow any manufacturer prohibitions that apply to the assembly/disassembly operation.

Assembly/Disassembly Director Crane assembly or disassembly must be controlled by

an Assembly/Disassembly Director.

An assembly/disassembly director is an individual who meets the criteria for both a competent person and a qualified person, or by a competent person who is assisted by one or more qualified persons.

The A/D director must know & understand the applicable assembly/disassembly procedures. 

Assembly/Disassembly Director

The A/D director must ensure that the crew members understand all of the following:– Their tasks– The hazards associated with their tasks– The hazardous positions & locations that they need

to avoid

Assembly/Disassembly Director

Assembly/Disassembly Director must cover 12 Key Hazards with their crew:1. Adequate site and ground conditions

2. Sufficient blocking for load and stability

3. Suitable boom and jib pick points

4. Identify center of gravity

5. Stability for pin removal

6. Consider wind speed and weather

Assembly/Disassembly Director

12 Key Hazards (continued):7. The suitability of blocking material

8. Verification of the loads for assist cranes

9. Snagging of cables or components

10.Struck by counterweights

11.Boom hoist brake failure

12.Loss of backwards stability

Personnel Lifting Platforms 296-155-547

20 Pages Personnel Lift Design Personnel Lifting Hoisting Equipment Crane Derrick Requirements Inspections (Platform and Cranes) Lift proof Load Tests Trial Lift Crane Operation Requirements Employer’s Responsibilities Personnel Lift Supervisor’s Responsibilities Lifting Personnel

Rigging 296-155-556 - 562 70 Pages Slings

– Chain– Wire Rope– Metal Mesh– Synthetic Rope Slings, Web Slings, Round Slings

Includes – Design– Maintenance & Repair– Testing– Use

Rigging 296-155-556 - 562 Rigging Hardware

– Shackles

– Turnbuckles

– Eyebolts & Eye Nuts

– Swivel Hoist Rings

– Wire Rope Clips

– Wedge Sockets

Includes – Design– Maintenance & Repair– Testing– Operation

Rigging 296-155-556 - 562

Lifting Device by Types– Structural & Mechanical Lifters– Vacuum Lifters– Lifting Magnets– Grapples

Includes – Design– Maintenance & Repair– Testing– Operation

Questions?

Chuck Lemon360-902-4669Lemc235@Lni.wa.gov