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Shangoni Management Services (Pty) Ltd

Chubby Chick Enterprises

Odour Management Plan

Locality: Potchefstroom

Date: 10 June 2015


Unit C8

Block @ Nature

472 Botterklapper Street

Pretoria

Office: + 27 (0)12 807 7036

Fax: +27 (0)12 807 1014

Chubby chick Enterprises

Odour Management Plan

Locality: Potchefstroom

Date: 10 June 2015

ODOUR MANAGEMENT PLAN

Odour Management Plan – Chubby Chick Rendering Facility of 49


PROJECT DETAILS

Project Title: Odour Management Plan for Chubby Chick Enterprises’ Rendering

Facility.

Project Number: FOU-POT-12-05-02

Compiled by: Patricia van der Walt

Date: 10 June 2015

Location: Potchefstroom

Technical Reviewer: Lourens de Villiers

_____________________________

H.L. De Villiers



TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 11

1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 11

1.2 Legislative requirements ................................................................................................................. 11

1.3 Scope of the Odour Management Plan ....................................................................................... 12

2. BASELINE CHARACTERISATION .................................................................................................... 15

2.1 Process description ......................................................................................................................... 15

2.2 Odour Characterisation ................................................................................................................... 20

2.3 Odour Source Characterisation ...................................................................................................... 21

2.4 Locality ......................................................................................................................................... 22

2.5 Land use and sensitive receptors .................................................................................................. 22

2.6 Estimated Odour Pollution Impact ................................................................................................. 27

3. ODOUR MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL MEASURES ................................................................... 37

4. OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING PLAN AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

......................................................................................................................................... 42

5. SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 48



LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Site layout. ................................................................................................................................ 17

Figure 2: Simplified block diagram ........................................................................................................... 18

Figure 3: Process flow diagram. .............................................................................................................. 19

Figure 4: Locality map. ............................................................................................................................. 24

Figure 5: Land use map. .......................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 6: Sensitive receptors within a 10km radius from the site. ........................................................... 26

Figure 7: Mean hourly odour ground level concentrations (OUE/m3) for all scenarios. ........................... 31

Figure 8: 98th Percentile of hourly means over a calendar (OUE/m3) for all scenarios. ........................... 32

Figure 9: Exceedence of the 1.5 OUE/m3 odour threshold for all scenarios. ........................................... 33

Figure 10: Mean hourly odour ground level concentrations (OUE/m3) for the current scenario. ............ 34

Figure 11: 98th Percentile of hourly means over a calendar (OUE/m3) for the current scenario. ............. 35

Figure 12: Exceedence of the 1.5 OUE/m3 odour threshold for the current scenario. ............................. 36



LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Sensitive receptors..................................................................................................................... 22

Table 2: Different control measure applicable to the rendering facility (DEFRA, 2010). ......................... 27

Table 3: Design parameters of different scenarios modelled. ................................................................. 28

Table 4: H4 – Odour management: Odour Benchmarks. ........................................................................ 28

Table 5: Industrial activities and indicative criteria of significant pollution. .............................................. 28

Table 6: Management and operational procedures and responsibilities for most offensive odour sources

from fugitive sources. ............................................................................................................................... 38

Table 7: Control measures and responsibilities for most offensive odour sources. ................................ 42

Table 8: Operational Maintenance and Monitoring plan. ......................................................................... 43

Table 9: Odour Related Emergency Response Procedure. .................................................................... 47



REFERENCES Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (March 2010), Odour Guidance for Local

Authorities Final, DEFRA, London, United Kingdom.

Department of Environmental Affairs (DEAT) (2007), The 2007 National Framework for Air Quality

Management in the republic of South Africa, DEAT, Pretoria.

Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM) (May 2014), Guidance on the assessment of odour for

planning, Institute of Air Quality Management, London. www.iaqm.co.uk/text/guidance/odourguidance-

2014.

National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004).

Shangoni management Services (2015), Atmospheric Impact Report for Chubby Chick Enterprises’

Rendering Facility.

United Stated- Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) (July 1974), Control of odours from inedible

rendering plants, US-EPA, North Carolina, EPA-450/1-74-006.

http://www.iaqm.co.uk/text/guidance/odourguidance-2014

http://www.iaqm.co.uk/text/guidance/odourguidance-2014



DEFINITIONS

Air Pollution

Means any change in the composition of the air caused by smoke, soot, dust (including fly ash), including

cinders, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, aerosols and odour substances. [NEM: AQA, (Act 39

of 2004)]

Ambient Air

Excludes air regulated by the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No 85 of 1993). [NEM: AQA,

(Act 39 of 2004)].

Atmospheric Emission

Means any emission or entertainment process emanating from a point, non-point or mobile source that

results in air pollution. [NEM: AQA, (Act 39 of 2004)].

Best Available Technique

Means the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of

operation which indicate the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing in principle the basis

for emission limit values designed to prevent and, where it is not practicable, generally to reduce

emissions and the impact on the environment as a whole.

"Techniques" include both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed,

built, maintained, operated and decommissioned.

"Available" techniques mean those developed on a scale which allows implementation in the

relevant industrial sector, under economically and technically viable conditions, taking into

consideration the costs and advantages, whether or not the techniques are used or produced inside

the Member State in question, as long as they are reasonably accessible to the operator.

"Best" means most effective in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as

a whole. (IPPC directive 96/61, 1996, article 2, sub 11)

Design Capacity

Means capacity as installed [NEM: AQA, (Act 39 of 2004)].

Emission Inventory

A listing or register of the amount of pollution entering the atmosphere from all sources within a given

time and geographic boundaries (DEA, September 2007).



Emission Standard

A specific limit to the amount of pollutant that can be released to the atmosphere by a specified source

(DEA, September 2007).

Existing Plant

Shall mean any plant or process that was legally authorised to operate before the date on which this

Notice takes effect or any plant where an application for authorisation in terms of the National

Environmental Management Act 1998 (Act No 107 of 1998), as amended was made before the date on

which this Notice takes effect. [NEM: AQA, (Act 39 of 2004)]

Environment

The surroundings (biophysical, social and economic) within which humans exist and that are made up of:

i. The land, water and atmosphere of the earth;

ii. Micro-organisms, plant and animal life;

iii. Any part or combination of (i) and (ii) and the interrelationships among and between them; and

iv. The physical, chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties and conditions of the foregoing that

influence human health and wellbeing.

Emission Factor

An emissions factor is a representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released

to the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant (EPA website).

Fugitive Emissions

Means emissions to the air from a facility for which an emission license has been issued, other than those

emitted from a point source [NEM: AQA, (Act 39 of 2004)].

Non-Point Source

Means a source of atmospheric emissions which cannot be identified as having emanated from a single

identifiable source or fixed location, and includes veld, forest and open fires, mining activities, agricultural

activities and stockpiles [NEM:AQA, (Act 39 of 2004)].

Odour

Organoleptic attribute perceptible by the olfactory organ on sniffing certain volatile substances (ISO 5492)

Point source

Means a single identifiable source and fixed location of atmospheric emission, and includes smoke stacks

and residential chimneys [NEM: AQA, (Act 39 of 2004)].



ABBREVIATIONS

AIR - Atmospheric Impact Report

CE - Control Efficiency

C - Cleaner

DEA - Department of Environmental Affairs

DEFRA - Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

GG - Government Gazette

GN - General Notice

IAQM - Institute of Air Quality Management

M - Manufacturer

MM - Maintenance manager

NEM:AQA - National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004)

RPM - Rendering Plant manager

VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds



1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Chubby Chick Enterprises is a poultry production company based in Potchefstroom. The company owns

various chicken raising farms, both traditional broiler farms and free-range farms, in the Potchefstroom

area and slaughters the chickens at their own abattoirs in Potchefstroom.

Chubby Chick Enterprises has a rendering facility that is responsible for the processing of poultry waste

generated by their chicken raising farms and abattoirs in Potchefstroom.

Chubby Chick Enterprises’ Rendering Facility is an inedible rendering plant, i.e. it produces a product

that is not intended for human consumption. The facility currently receives chicken waste [blood,

feathers, chicken pieces, fat and intestines (mala)] from the two Chubby Chick abattoirs in Potchefstroom

and also receives chicken mortalities from the Fourie’s Poultry (part of Cycle City) chicken farms on a

daily basis.

A maximum of 60 tonnes of poultry waste is processed per day. The facility operates 24/7 and processes

the poultry waste into a high-protein poultry by-product meal (PBPM). The meal is used as a protein

source in the production of animal feeds.

The Chubby Chick rendering facility is situated on Portion 198 of the farm Wilgeboom 458 IQ along with

a number of crop fields, approximately 7km south-east of Potchefstroom.

1.2 Legislative requirements

1.2.1 The National Framework for Air Quality Management

The National Framework for Air Quality Management was established to achieve the objectives of NEM:

AQA and provides a medium- to long term plan for the practical implementation of this Act. The framework

states that industry too has a responsibility not to impose on everyone’s right to air that is not harmful to

health and well-being and highlights the responsibility of industry in terms current legislation (see below).

In terms of NEM:AQA industries have the following responsibilities (Note: The responsibilities for

industries identified as listed activities were not included, but can be found under Section 3.3 of the

National Framework for Air Quality Management):

Taking reasonable steps to prevent the emission of any offensive odour caused by any

activity on their premises;

Compliance with any relevant standards for emissions from point, non-point or mobile sources in

respect of substances or mixtures of substances identified by the Minister, MEC or municipality;



Compliance with the measurements requirements of identified emissions from point, non-point or

mobile sources and the form in which such measurements must be reported and the organs of

state to whom such measurements must be reported;

Compliance with relevant emission standards in respect of controlled emitters if an activity

undertaken by the industry and/or an appliance used by the industry is identified as a controlled

emitter;

Compliance with any usage, manufacture or sale and/or emissions standards or prohibitions in

respect of controlled fuels if such fuels are manufactured, sold or used by the industry;

Comply with the Minister’s requirement for the implementation of a pollution prevention plan in

respect of a substance declared as a priority air pollutant; and

Comply with an Air Quality Officer’s legal request to submit an atmospheric impact report in a

prescribed form (DEAT, 2007).

1.2.2 Licensing in terms of NEM AQA

The rendering of animal matter (blood, feathers and other condemned material from the abattoir, including

mortalities from the broiler farms) triggers the activity listed in Category 10, Animal matter processing in

terms of Government Notice No. 248 as contemplated in Section 21(1)(a) of the National Environmental

Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004) (MEN: AQA).

In terms of Section 22 of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of

2004); no person may conduct a listed activity without a Provisional Atmospheric Emission License or an

Atmospheric Emission License. A person must apply for an AEL with the licensing authority of the area

in which the activity is to be carried out.

1.2.3 Special Arrangements as specified in GN893 in terms of NEM: AQA

The general special arrangement, as specified in Part 2 (20) of GN893 in terms of NEM: AQA, states the

following:

A fugitive emissions management plan must be included in the Atmospheric Emission Licenses for

listed activities that are likely to generate such emissions.

The following special arrangement shall apply to the listed activity, Category 10: Animal Mater

Processing, categorised in Part 3 of GN893 in terms of NEM: AQA:

Best practice measures intended to minimise or avoid offensive odours must be implemented by

all installations. These measures must be documented to the satisfaction of the Licensing Authority.

1.3 Scope of the Odour Management Plan

Chubby Chick Enterprises employed Shangoni Management Services to develop an Odour Management

Plan (OMP) for their rendering facility in Potchefstroom, so that they may comply to the following



legislative conditions applicable to their facility (Refer to section 1.2: Legislative Requirements; 1.2.1,

1.2.2 and 1.2.3 in this document):

“Taking reasonable steps to prevent the emission of any offensive odour caused by any activity on

their premises”;

“A fugitive emissions management plan must be included in the Atmospheric Emission Licenses

for listed activities that are likely to generate such emissions”; and

“Best practice measures intended to minimise or avoid offensive odours must be implemented by

all installations. These measures must be documented to the satisfaction of the Licensing

Authority”.

An OMP is a documented, operational plan describing reasonable measures to be implemented by the

rendering plant manager in anticipation of the formation of odours and their release from the site. It

considers procedures and techniques to manage odours across the whole of the process, and odour

exposure chain (Source-Pathway-Receptor).

Since a majority of the odour sources at the rendering facility are considered fugitive emission sources,

this the OMP may be considered a fugitive emissions management plan (Refer to section 1.2 and 1.2.3

in this document)

Best practice measures does not only involve the design and installation of the most up to date and cost

effective odour control technology to minimise the environmental impact of odours from a premises, it

also involves the implementation of ongoing management systems aimed at preventing or reducing

offensive odour emissions, such an OMP.

The OMP should detail how odours are being managed and controlled so as to minimise or avoid the

formation and release of odours from the site, as well as, assign managerial and operational

responsibilities for:

Maintaining the OMP,

Implementing the OMP; and

Responding to odour related incidents and the response of the community.

The OMP should address the management and/or control of odours at each stage of the odour exposure

chain (Source-Pathway-Receptor) and include, the following aspects:

Identification of sources of odours on the site and their location (Refer to Figure 1 and section 2.3

within this document);

Management and operational procedures and responsibilities (Refer Table 6);

Control measures employed on the site including odour abatement systems and techniques (Refer

Table 7);



Repair and maintenance of plant and equipment (Refer to Table 8). Repair and maintenance of the

plants and equipment should be undertaken in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations and the availability of equipment and spares should be considered.

Monitoring (Refer to Table 8);

Interaction with relevant interested parties (Refer to Table 9);

Emergency and incident response procedures (Refer to Table 9);

Staff Training (Refer to Table 5 and Table 8);

Identification of receptors (Refer to Table 1 and Figure 6); and

Record keeping (Refer to Table 6 and Table 8).

An OMP is valuable in that, besides for minimising or avoiding the formation and release of odours, it

also:

Instils confidence with the local authority and the neighboring community that odours from the site

will be proactively managed;

Maximises the information available to a rendering plant manager and provides the basis for

improved intervention; and

Informs decisions on where investment choices need to be made to improve odour control.

This OMP should be viewed as a “live” document which is regularly reviewed, informed by the ongoing

operation of the process and updated.



2. BASELINE CHARACTERISATION

In order to identify all sources of odours at a facility, it is vital to clearly understand the different elements

involved in the process at the facility and the flow between these processes. Following is a description of

the rendering process at the Chubby Chick rendering facility.

2.1 Process description





daily basis.




The current by-product meal production process, a batch rendering process (three batches in 24 hours),

is shown in Figure 2 and 3 and summarised below:

The facility has two sections separated by a concrete partition. The “dirty” area is from the waste

unloading area to where the waste is loaded into the pressure cooking vessels. The “clean” area

is from where the cooked product is loaded out of the cooking vessels to where the finished product

is bagged.

Chicken waste (feathers, chicken pieces, fat and intestines) from the Chubby Chick abattoirs and

mortalities from their chicken farms are brought to the rendering facility. The waste is stored within

the rendering facility building, in the intake area.

Blood is brought from the abattoirs in a tanker and is pumped into a 10m3 holding tank at the

rendering facility.

Waste and blood is loaded into the three pressure cooking vessels. Steam is generated in two

coal-fired boilers for use in the sterilisation process.

Within the cooking vessels, the waste is cooked and sterilised using pressure and high

temperatures.

Steam is vented from the cooking vessels and passes through a collection tank where solids settle

out. From there, the air passes through two condensers. Water from the condensers flows to a

trench and into a sump from where the water is pumped into an earth evaporation pond to the

north-east of the facility. Non-condensibles, such as VOCs (volatile organic compounds), pass

from the condensers to the biofilter. In the biofilter, the air passes through a biofilter medium within

which microorganisms reside. The odour causing particles are a food source for the

microorganisms and are therefore consumed by the microorganisms. In this system, the odorous



atmospheric emissions generated at the rendering facility (during the cooking process) are

captured and degraded.

The sterilised product is removed from the cooking vessels when the moisture content has

decreased to the required percentage.

The product passes through a hammer mill and screen. In this step any unwanted solids, such as

stones, are removed from the product.

The product is then placed into bags and removed from the site to be used in the production of

animal feeds.

The rendering facility obtains electricity from Eskom, but also has a backup generator on site. There is

also an aboveground, bunded diesel tank.

Per day, approximately 55m3 of wastewater is generated from the rendering process. The wastewater

currently flows into trenches and into a sump from where it is then pumped to an earth evaporation pond

to the north-east of the rendering facility. A new wastewater treatment system is being proposed to

effectively treat the wastewater to the Department of Water Affairs’ general limit standards for irrigation

or discharge into a water resource.

The following changes are being proposed for the rendering facility:

A new treatment system for the wastewater generated at the rendering facility; and

Possible changes to the existing earth evaporation pond (addition of liners).



Figure 1: Site layout.



Figure 2: Simplified block diagram



Figure 3: Process flow diagram.



2.2 Odour Characterisation

The generation of odorants is generally the most significant issue at a rendering facility.

Odour is the sensation resulting from stimulation of the olfactory organs. An odorant is the substance

responsible for eliciting this response. Odour can exist as a result of a single chemical or, more typically,

a complex mixture of compounds. The perception of a mixture of odorants, such as those from a rendering

facility, is very different from how each chemical would be perceived independently.

Odorants can act as additive agents, counteractants, masking agents, or be synergistic in nature. The

combination of two odorants can have an odour equal to that of either one of the components, have an

odour less than that of one of the components, have an odour equal to the sum of the components, or

even have an odour greater than the sum of the components (Powers W, et al., 2004). Odours may also

be perceived as pleasant or unpleasant and whilst there is often agreement about what constitutes

pleasant and unpleasant odours, there is a wide variation between individuals as to what is deemed

unacceptable and what affects our quality of life.

Most people accept even a strong odour for a short period of time, provided they don’t have to smell it

often. We therefore have a threshold for the frequency and duration of the odour, above which our

tolerance is exceeded and we view the odour as a nuisance. This all makes odour quantification and

characterisation a challenging process.

Odours from the rendering facility are mostly caused by Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) produced

during the enzymatic decomposition and oxidation of proteins. VOCs that have been identified in gaseous

emissions from rendering plants include:

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S),

Ammonia (NH3),

Organic sulfides,

Disulfides,

Mercaptans (methanethiol),

Aldehydes (especially C-4 to C-7 aldehydes),

Amines (trimethylamine, C-4 amines),

Quinoline,

Dimethyl pyrazine,

Other pyrazines,

Indole,

Skatole and

C-3 to C-6 organic acids.

In addition to the pollutants above, lesser amounts of C-4 to C-7 alcohols, ketones, aliphatic

hydrocarbons, and aromatic compounds can potentially be emitted.



2.3 Odour Source Characterisation

Sources of odorous emissions from the rendering facility include:

Steam from the pressure cooker vessels;

Fugitive emissions from the working environment, such as:

Biological degradation of raw material (e.g. Waste intake and storage area);

Vapour leaks from machinery (e.g. Blood tank); and

Wastewater treatment facilities (e.g. Earth evaporation pond).

Unit processes responsible for the most offensive odours at the rendering facility include the:

Waste intake and storage area;

Blood tank;

Pressure cooking vessels;

Sump; and the

Wastewater treatment facilities (Trenches, Sump and Earth evaporation pond).

Unit processes that generate less offensive odours include the:

Milling and screening-; and

Bagging, storage and dispatch of product.

The emissions from the following sources may be considered as fugitive emissions:

Waste intake and storage area (including the blood tank);

Trenches;

Sump;


Bagging-, storage- and dispatch of product area.

Steam is vented from the cooking vessels and passes through a collection tank where solids settle out.

From there, the air passes through two condensers. Water from the condensers flows to a trench and

into a sump from where the water is pumped into an earth evaporation pond to the north-east of the

facility. Non-condensibles, such as VOCs (volatile organic compounds), pass from the condensers to

the biofilter. In the biofilter, the air passes through a biofilter medium within which microorganisms reside.

The odour causing particles are a food source for the microorganisms and are therefore consumed by

the microorganisms. In this system, the odorous atmospheric emissions generated at the rendering

facility (during the cooking process) are captured and degraded before it is emitted to the atmosphere.



2.4 Locality

The Chubby Chick rendering facility is an independent rendering facility situated on Portion 198 of the

farm Wilgeboom 458 IQ along with a number of crop fields, approximately 7km south-east of

Potchefstroom. The property is zoned as Agriculture (72) Business land.

The property falls within the jurisdiction of the Tlokwe Local Municipality, which forms part of the Dr.

Kenneth Kuanda District Municipality, located within the North West Province (Refer to Figure 4).

2.5 Land use and sensitive receptors

The dominant land use surrounding the rendering facility is cultivated land (Commercial), built-up land

[Residential (mainly) and Industrial]. Small pockets of exotic plantations can be found scattered within a

10km radius from the rendering facility (Refer to Figure 5).

The property lies within the Grassland biome region. The specific grassland type is the “Rand Highveld

Grasslands”. The vegetation type is dominated by grassland with small areas of woodland, thicket and

bushland within a 10km radius from the rendering facility.

The Mooi River flows to the west of the site (approximately 7km from the rendering plant) and a tributary

of the Mooi River, the Rooikraalspruit, flows to the east and south of the site (approximately 4.7km from

the rendering plant). The Vaal River flows approximately 15.3km south of the site. A wetland can be found

north-west of the site.

When identifying sensitive receptors in an area it is important to consider the type of activity associated

with the facility (work, recreation, transport, residential, transportation) and whether it is in permanent use

or only occasionally used.

In general terms, the more people consider the facility as their ‘territory’ and the less options they have to

extract themselves from the situation in an episode of exposure, the more ‘sensitive’ the facility is.

Sensitive receptors include: residential dwellings, accommodation (hotels, B&B, guesthouses), hospitals,

nursing homes, schools, churches, holiday/weekend dwellings, campsites, caravan parks, sports facilities

and offices. Refer to Figure 6 and the table below for the sensitive receptors identified within a 10km

radius from the rendering facility.

Table 1: Sensitive receptors.

Schools Distance from

site (km)

Direction from

site (Degrees)

Mareka Primary School 3.87 151.12

Tlhabologo Primary School 5.71 86.53



Haaskraal Primary School 9.42 234.84

Letjhabile Primary School 8.02 258.59

Mmutle Primary School 9.06 280.87

Padi Combined School 6.97 12.91

Mooibank Primary School 9.72 291.37

Berts Bricks Primary School 12.80 287.25

Ditaelong Primary School 13.35 293.26

Abraham Kriel Potchefstroom 8.41 309.78

M.L. Fick Primary School 8.95 320.61

Agapé Christian School 8.91 319.09

Hoër Volkskool Potchefstroom 9.54 315.62

Daggaboer Farm School 9.49 321.30

Saints Primary School 9.19 329.23

Little Saints Nursery School 9.12 329.71

Potchefstroom Primary School 10 324.47

Ikalafeng School 9.63 327.76

Potchefstroom High School For Boys 10.60 326.25

Botoka Secondary School 12.15 308.34

Thembalidanisi Primary School 11.85 309.08

Tshepo Primary School 12.33 309.28

Boitirelo Primary School 12.51 308.97

Boitshoko High School 13.08 307.47

Basupi Secondary School 11.91 310.60

Seiphemelo Secondary School 12.15 306.34

Pudulogo L P Public School 11.85 304.55

Lesego Primary School 10.95 302.64

Hospitals and clinics Distance from

site (km)

Direction from

site (Degrees)

Top City Clinic 9.08 315.85

Potchefstroom Hospital - H.I.V Wellness Clinic 9.32 316.65

Clicks Pharmacy Clinic - Potchefstroom 9.08 325.10

Potchefstroom Hospital 9.32 316.15

Agricultural holdings Distance from

site (km)

Direction from

site (Degrees)

Turfvlei Agricultural Holding 6.45 351.75

Wilgeboom Agricultural Holding 4.89 310.81

Golf course Distance from

site (km)

Direction from

site (Degrees)

Potchefstroom Country Club – Golf course 8.62 330.95

Landboukollege Golf Club 10.09 309.80

https://plus.google.com/109660115056607971049/about?gl=US&hl=en&ved=0CA4Q2QY&sa=X&ei=QKS-VLbRI4Wi8QOv6oGYDw



Figure 4: Locality map.



Figure 5: Land use map.



Figure 6: Sensitive receptors within a 10km radius from the site.



2.6 Estimated Odour Pollution Impact

An Atmospheric Impact Assessment (AIA) was done for the Chubby Chick rendering facility, in order to

identify all sources of offensive odours, determine the possible impact these sources may have on

sensitive receptors and to provide recommendations on best practice measures intended to minimise or

avoid offensive odours. The following results were extracted from the Atmospheric Impact Report (AIR).

Chubby Chick rendering facility is an inedible rendering plant, i.e. it produces a product that is not

intended for human consumption. Refer to Table 2 for a lists of control technologies relevant to such an

industry. From this table, two technologies mostly used for the treatment of odour from pet food

manufactures (of which the rendering process forms a part of) is liquid scrubbing and biofiltration.

According to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), biofilters are the most

effective odour treatment technology currently available for treating odour streams which are

contaminated with “water soluble” gases (e.g. ammonia and hydrogen sulphide), such as in the case with

Chubby chick rendering facility.

Biofilters can also be quite effective with lower solubility odorants (depending on its design) to the extent

that long residence time biofilters can be more effective than wet scrubbers where there are low solubility

compounds in an odour stream.

Table 2: Different control measure applicable to the rendering facility (DEFRA, 2010).

Industry Odour Control Technology Appropriateness

Pet food manufacture Adsorption ✓

Liquid scrubbing ✓✓

Biofiltration ✓✓

Bioscrubbers ✓

Ozone & UV ✓

Thermal oxidation ✓

Plasma ✓

Neutralising agents ✓

✓✓✓ = most common / preferred method; ✓✓ = method used but may be limited to specific scale or

process type; ✓ = rare use / limited data.

Chubby Chick rendering facility has installed two condensers and a biofilter for the treatment of odorous

emissions from their pressure cooking vessels.

The different operating scenarios modelled and assessed include (Refer to Table 3 for design

parameters):

No control scenario - For this scenario, odour from the pressure cooking vessels will be modelled

without any control measures implemented. For this scenario it was assumed that the pressure



cookers emit emissions into the building housing it, these emissions then escape, untreated, from

the building into the atmosphere;

Condensers only scenario – This scenario assumes that the condensers are the only control

measure for the pressure cooker vessels;

Biofilter scenario – This is the current scenario, where steam is vented from the cooking vessels

to condensers and pass from here to a biofilter.

Table 3: Design parameters of different scenarios modelled.

Design Parameters No control

scenario

Condensers only scenario Biofilter scenario (5 x 5L

JoJo tanks)

Source type Volume Point Area

Height Aprox. 6m Aprox. 3m Aprox. 2.255m

Diameter - Aprox. 1.515m Aprox 1. 82 m per JoJo Tank

Length 14.5 - -

Width 12m - -

Gas exit temperature Ambient Aprox 32°C (US-EPA,1974) Aprox 35°C (Sniffer, 2014)

Gas exit velocity Assumed

0m/s

Aprox 3m/s (US-EPA,1974) Assumed 0m/s

Control efficiency None 50% (US-EPA,1974) 79.8% (Sironi S et al, 2007)

The simulated odour ground level concentrations, were assessed based on the H4 – Odour Management:

Odour Benchmarks (Refer to Table 4).

Table 4: H4 – Odour management: Odour Benchmarks.

Odour description Averaging Period Concentration Percentile Frequency of Exceedence

Most offensive 1 hour 1.5 OUE/m3 98 175.2

Moderately offensive 1 hour 3 OUE/m3 98 175.2

Less offensive 1 hour 6 OUE/m3 98 175.2

From Table 5 we can determine that odour from the Chubby Chick rendering facility is characterised as

most offensive. Odour pollution from the rendering facility will therefore be assessed against the indicative

criterion of 1.5 OUE/m3, as a 98th percentile of hourly means over a calendar year.

Table 5: Industrial activities and indicative criteria of significant pollution.

Relative offensiveness of odour Indicative criterion

More offensive

odours

Activities involving putrescible wastes

Processes involving decaying animal or fish

remains

Processes involving septic effluent or sludge

Brickworks

Biological landfill odours

Creamery

Fat & Grease Processing

Waste water treatment

Oil refining

1.5 OUE/m3

(1.0 OUE/m3)*



Livestock feed Factory

Odours which do not

obviously fall within

a high or low

category

Intensive livestock rearing

Fat frying (food processing)

Sugar beet processing

Well aerated green waste composting

3 OUE/m3

(2.5 OUE/m3)*

Less offensive

odours (but not

inoffensive)

Chocolate Manufacture

Brewery

Confectionary

Fragrance and Flavourings

Coffee Roasting

Bakery

6 OUE/m3

(5.5 OUE/m3)*

*Local adjustment for hypersensitive populations (odour generated a high level of complaint) - Reference: EA H4

Guidance Appendix 6.

The ADMS5 dispersion model calculates long-term and short-term concentrations and deposition fluxes

from point-, line-, area- and volume- sources. Long term averages can be in terms of averages, rolling

averages, percentiles or number of exceedences.

If the percentile and frequency of exceedence mechanisms are not fully grasped, a danger exists that the

results may potentially be misinterpreted. Following is a brief discussion on this objective.

The 98th percentile gives the concentration which is exceeded 2% of the time. While it is acknowledged

that an odour at say 5 OUE/m3, which is much higher than that of 1.5 OUE/m3, can be considered as a

faint odour, it is the 98th percentile metric that should be appreciated in this assessment, as it is the 2%

of hourly average odour concentrations above that level that determine a populations response.

The 98th percentile can also be expressed as the number of allowable exceedences. The number of

allowable exceedences (N) based on a 98th percentile of hourly means over a calendar year is calculated

as follows:

8760 − 𝑁

8760 × 100 = 98𝑡ℎ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒

𝑁 = 175.2

The allowable number of exceedence means you are allowed to exceed, for instance, the hourly average

benchmark of Odour (1.5 OUE/m3) for 175.2 1-hour periods in a year (Refer to Table 4). This is not high

when one considers that there are 8760 1-hour periods in a year.

To put this in perspective, should a model output show an exceedence from say 1 to 100 over an area,

it would mean that the benchmark of 1.5 OUE/m3was exceeded for up to 100 out of the 8760 hours

throughout the year. The model accounts for even the smallest exceedence of the threshold (1.5



OUE/m3), e.g. 1.5001 OUE/m3 and these exceedences may have taken place sequentially or intermittently

throughout the year.

Ambient air quality objectives (such as the 1.5 odour unit’s benchmark used in this assessment) apply to

areas where there is public access outside the property boundary and occupational health and safety

criteria apply to environmental conditions within the property boundary.

Any modelled results that project exposures above the benchmark level (1.5 OUE/m3, as a 98th percentile

of hourly means over a calendar year), after taking uncertainty into account, indicates the likelihood of

unacceptable odour pollution.

Results

The hourly mean odour ground level concentrations, for all operating scenarios, are illustrated in Figure

7. The 98th percentile of hourly means over the calendar year and frequency of exceedences, for all

operating scenarios, can be seen in the subsequent figures, Figure 8 and Figure 9.

From Figure 7, we see that high hourly mean odour ground level concentrations are restricted to within

the site boundary. An hourly mean odour ground level concentration of 1.5 OUE/m3 can be found slightly

outside the site boundary for all three scenarios.

However while it is acknowledged that an odour at say 5 OUE/m3, which is much higher than that of 1.5

OUE/m3, can be considered as a faint odour, it is the 98th percentile metric that should be appreciated in

this assessment, as it is the 2% of hourly mean odour concentrations above that level that determine a

populations response.

The 98th percentile metric was exceeded up to ≥2.5km outside the site boundary for both the no control

scenario and the scenario where the condensers are the only form of odour treatment, and the odour

impact extends over a number of surrounding residences (Refer to Figure 8). As an alternative, the

number of exceedences of the 1.5 OUE/m3 odour threshold can be seen in Figure 9. The 98th percentile

metric allows for 175.2 exceedences of the1.5 OUE/m3 odour threshold.

The current scenario was shown to exceed the benchmark approximately 300m from the eastern

boundary of the site. The benchmark was not exceeded over any surrounding residences. The current

scenario is therefore considered the most appropriate. Note that for this study a control efficiency of

79.8% (Sironi S et al, 2007) was used. Should the biofilter not be properly maintained, it may result in an

increased odour impact. Figure 10, 11 and 12 provides an illustration of the effect the topography and

wind field have on the dispersion of the odour from the rendering facility over the surrounding land use.



Figure 7: Mean hourly odour ground level concentrations (OUE/m3) for all scenarios.



Figure 8: 98th Percentile of hourly means over a calendar (OUE/m3) for all scenarios.



Figure 9: Exceedence of the 1.5 OUE/m3 odour threshold for all scenarios.



Figure 10: Mean hourly odour ground level concentrations (OUE/m3) for the current scenario.



Figure 11: 98th Percentile of hourly means over a calendar (OUE/m3) for the current scenario.



Figure 12: Exceedence of the 1.5 OUE/m3 odour threshold for the current scenario.



3. ODOUR MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

MEASURES

Opportunities to minimize or avoid odour can be categorised into three components: source, pathway

and receptor. All three of these components must be present and connected at the time of the event to

result in exposure to odour. If the chain is broken, either because one component is missing, or because

it is not connected at the time to the next component, then exposure cannot occur and there will be no

odour impact.

Following are two tables that describe how the link between the most offensive odour sources at the

Chubby Chick rendering facility and the surrounding receptors can be interrupted by both management-

(Refer to Table 6) and control measures (Refer to Table 7). Please note that the most offensive odours

include:

Waste intake and storage area;

Blood tank;

Pressure cooking vessels; and

Wastewater treatment facilities (Trenches, Sump and Earth evaporation pond).

Unit processes that generate less offensive odours include the:


Bagging, storage and dispatch of Product.

To prevent these sources from becoming more offensive, they require regular cleaning and good

housekeeping to prevent residue build up; and regular maintenance of infrastructure and equipment to

prevent their wear and/or failure thereof (Refer to table 8 for operational maintenance and monitoring

plan).


operation of the process and updated. Should ongoing operation inform that some of the areas

associated with less offensive odours require management or control, the OMP should be updated to

include these sources in the tables below.



Table 6: Management and operational procedures and responsibilities for most offensive odour sources from fugitive sources.

Management

measures

Hierarchy

of

measure

Operational procedures Status/ Controls in place Responsibility

Preventing the

formation of

odorants at source

within the process.

I Avoid receiving aged raw material (Mortalities from farms, Feathers, Dead-On-Arrivals, condemned carcasses after de-

feathering, condemned material from inspection points at evisceration and other places where condemned material can be

generated, floor waste and blood) by better supply chain management through the implementation of a Waste Management

Procedure (WMP) for the broiler farms and abattoirs.

Informal plan in place

Legislation:

Meat Safety Act, 2000 (Act

40 of 2000);

Fertilizers, Farm Feeds,

Agricultural Remedies and

Stock Remedies Act of 1947

(Act 36 of 1947).

Chubby Chick abattoir manager to

develop WMP for abattoirs and

broiler farms.

Chubby Chick rendering plant

manager’s responsibility to ensure

implementation of the WMP.

Prevent raw material build up and minimise odour generated from bacterial degradation, by prompt processing of waste

material.

All material received for rendering must be processed within 24hours. Alternatively, carcases must be refrigerated at the

facility where it is generated to avoid decomposition of material.

Regular cleaning and good housekeeping of the intake area to prevent residue build up.

Daily Rendering plant manager

Develop and ensure the implementation of a site inspection report based on the operational maintenance and monitoring

plan.

To be done Rendering plant manager

Develop an incident report wherein all reports and/or notifications of incidents and anticipated incidents of abnormal or out-

of-course events and in particular, failure events should be recorded.

To be done Rendering plant manager

Develop a Preventative and or Corrective Measures Report to record all actions taken to prevent and/or correct abnormal or

out-of-course events and in particular, failure events. This report should also allow for handling of complaints from the

complaints register.

To be formalised Rendering plant manager

Compile a formal complaints register and protocol.

The Complaints register should provide for correct recording of the date and time, name and surname of the complainant

and the complaint. Advice the complainant that as much detail of the offense as possible is necessary, the following details

are very important and should be provided if possible:

Intensity of odour;

Offensiveness;

Weather conditions;

Wind direction; and

Distance from site.

To be put in place Rendering plant manager

Review the following reports annually, to identify trends and areas for improvement:

Complaints register;

Site inspection report;

Incident report; and

Preventative and/or corrective measures report.

To be included in Management

Review report.

Rendering plant manager



Management

measures

Hierarchy

of

measure


Develop training material based on the following topics taken from this OMP:

Odour as an aesthetic impact;

Odour management and control measures;

Operational Maintenance and Monitoring Plan and compiling site inspection reports;

Odour contingency preparedness plan and response procedure; and the

Roles and responsibilities of each person.

To be included in the Induction

Training.

Rendering plant manager/Training

section

All existing and new employees should be trained (internally) on the following topics found in this OMP:






Please note that the frequency of training should be increased in the event of an incident or complaint.

To be included in the Induction

Training.

Rendering plant manager/Training

section

Preventing the

release of odorous

air to the

atmosphere by

containment and

odour control.

II Containers or vehicles transporting waste, including blood, to the rendering facility must be leak-proof. Chubby Chick Enterprises is in the

process of applying for a Waste

Management License in terms of the

Waste Act of 2008 (Act No. 59 of

2008).

Chubby Chick Enterprises

Design, construct and maintain well-sealed buildings. Doorways may therefore need to be protected by fast acting doors,

self closers, air “curtains” or, in the extreme, air lock compartments.

Refer to Table 8 for the scheduled

odour control maintenance and

management plan.

Chubby Chick Enterprises to

ensure the proper design and

construction of well-sealed

buildings.

Rendering plant manager to do a

site inspections of the rendering

facility and identify areas of

improvement.

Minimise odour concentrations within the overall building headspace air, principally by covering or enclosing the source of

odour and concentrating localised extraction directly from the covered or enclosed odour sources.

Please note: The control of point sources is typically more straightforward than is the case for large, dispersed area or volume

sources. Extracted air can be treated through passing it through an odour treatment technology and/or by optimising height

of the stack and therefore dispersion of the odour.

To be investigated and implemented.


site assessment of the rendering

facility and identify the viability of

covering or closing the source of

odour (for instance at the material

intake area or the sump, etc.)



Management

measures

Hierarchy

of

measure


The following table was extracted from Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Odour Guidance for

Local Authorities, dated March 2010, in support of the above recommendation.

Industry Containment & Extraction Dispersion through stacks

Pet food manufacture ✓✓✓ ✓✓

✓✓✓ = most common / preferred method; ✓✓ = method used but may be limited to specific scale or process type; ✓ = rare use / limited data.



implementation of the control

measure of covering or closing of

the source of odour, should it be

found viable.

Develop an OMP that includes routine checks and maintenance of building structures, odour control equipment, and

contingency plans for odour control equipment failures and breakdowns.

Procedure in place.

Refer to Table 8 for the operational

maintenance and monitoring plan.

Refer to Table 8 for the contingency

preparedness and response plan.

Rendering plant manager

Preventing or

controlling the

transportation of

odorants from the

source reaching

receptors.

III Should any extraction or ventilation measures be considered for the rendering facility, following the findings of the above

mentioned operating procedure, the following should be investigated:

The effect that different stack designs would have on the odour impact. The impact of odours can be reduced by

improving mixing and dispersion e.g. by the use of tall stacks;

Locating vents away from residents (Please refer to 2.6 within this document for an illustration of the wind flow field

and likely dispersion of the odour); and

The necessity of implementing odour treatment technologies.




facility and identify viability of

extraction and ventilation

measures and the necessity of an

odour treatment technology (for

instance at the material intake area

or the sump, etc.)



implementation of the extraction

and ventilation should it be found

viable.

Influencing the

quality or

concentration of

the odour to

reduce the

perception of

odours as an

impact on

receptors.

IV Chubby Chick rendering facility has installed two condensers and a biofilter for the treatment of odorous emissions from their

pressure cooking vessels.

According to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), biofilters are the most effective odour

treatment technology currently available for treating odour streams which are contaminated with “water soluble” gases (e.g.

ammonia and hydrogen sulphide), such as in the case with Chubby chick rendering facility. Biofilters can also be quite

effective with lower solubility odorants (depending on its design) to the extent that long residence time biofilters can be more

effective than wet scrubbers where there are low solubility compounds in an odour stream.

Following are a few important considerations, taken from DEFRA, to be taken into account when operating a biofilter:

Annual maintenance of litter material. Rendering plant manager



Management

measures

Hierarchy

of

measure


Residence times need to be selected with due consideration given to media particle size, expected solubility of

odorants, possible fluctuations in odour load and the proposed irrigation regime.

It is often assumed that providing the untreated air stream is very humid, or if there is some humidification of the supply

air, then irrigation will not be needed. This is rarely the case as media beds can still dry out even with fully saturated

air streams.

Biofilters are simple and have relatively low management requirement, but they do require some basic checks, to

ensure that the media is kept wet (in some installations frequent irrigation is absolutely critical) and media condition

needs periodic checking. Some mediums, such as wood chip and heather (and sea shells in acidic odour applications)

degrade naturally and will have to be periodically replaced. They also have to be checked for fissuring and other causes

of uneven air distribution.

For more information optimum design and operation of a biofilter, reference can be made to the following source:

Sniffer (June 2014), Understanding biofilter performance and determining emission concentrations under operational

conditions, Final report ER36.

Should any odour treatment technologies be considered for future upgrades of the rendering facility, the following information

may be used to choose a feasible odour treatment technology:

The following table was extracted from Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Odour Guidance for

Local Authorities, dated March 2010, in support of the above recommendation.

Industry Adsorption Liquid

scrubbing

Biofiltration Bioscrubbers Ozone

& UV

Thermal

oxidation

Plasma Neutralising

agents

Pet food

manufacture

✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

✓✓✓ = most common / preferred method; ✓✓ = method used but may be limited to specific scale or process type; ✓ = rare

use / limited data.

For more information on advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned odour abatement technologies please refer

to the following source document:

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (March 2010), Odour Guidance for Local Authorities

Final, DEFRA, London, United Kingdom.




facility and identify viability of odour

treatment technologies (for

instance at the material intake area

or the sump, etc.).



implementation of the odour

control technology, should it be

found viable.



Table 7: Control measures and responsibilities for most offensive odour sources.

Source Control measure Status of control measure Responsibility

Pressure

cooking

vessels

Condensers and

biofilter

In place.

Repair and maintenance should be undertaken in

accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations.

The availability of equipment and spares should

be considered.

Refer to Table 8 for frequency of operation.

Rendering Plant

Manager

4. OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING

PLAN AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Regular maintenance of infrastructure and equipment, at the rendering facility, prevents wear and/or

failure thereof, and in so doing reduces the potential of odour impact on the surrounding neighbourhood.

Compliance monitoring and reporting aids in determining the odour impact beyond the boundary of the

site and helps to evaluate whether the process is operated in accordance with best practice and can help

identify if an otherwise unidentified problem or abnormal operation is occurring within the process or

management procedures.

Abnormal or out-of-course events and in particular, failure events are important in odour management.

Often pollution and complaint issues arise from transient or short term conditions that provide a

mechanism for the release of substantial quantities of unabated process exhaust and consequently cause

offensive odour beyond the boundary fence (e.g. from containment failure, abatement bypass or

overloading).

It is therefore important to consider carefully scenarios that could cause a serious breach of the odour

boundary condition and put measures in place to minimise the likelihood of them occurring. Should such

a release occur please refer to Table 9 for the odour related emergency response procedure.



Table 8: Operational Maintenance and Monitoring plan.

Maintenance &

Monitoring

Measures

Infrastructure/Equipment Operational procedures Frequency Responsibility

Cleaning and

good

housekeeping

Skips Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Daily C1 and RPM

Vehicles (e.g. Bob cat) Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Daily C and RPM

Waste intake and storage area Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Daily C and RPM

Hopper Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Daily C and RPM

Blood tanks Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Daily C and RPM

Pressure cooking vessels Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Weekly C and RPM

Hammer mill and screen Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Weekly C and RPM

Bagging and dispatch area Clean with high pressure hot and/or cold water. Daily C and RPM

Sump Remove all solids and fats recovered from screens. Weekly C and RPM

Wastewater treatment facilities Desludge ponds when accumulated solids rise to within approximately

30cm of the water surface.

3 Monthly C and RPM

Detergents used in the rendering facility should be suitable for

biological treatment as far as possible.

Done and

on-going

RPM

Boilers Use high-grade coal where possible as lower grade coal may result in

higher sulphur emissions.

Only A

grade

C and RPM

Condensers Cleaning of condensers should be undertaken in accordance with the

manufacturer’s recommendations.

Weekly C and RPM

Biofilter Cleaning of the biofilter should be undertaken in accordance with the


Daily C1 and RPM

1 C – Cleaner, MM – Maintenance Manager, M – Manufacturer, O – Operator, RPM – Rendering Plant Manager, QC – Quality Controller.



Inspection of

infrastructure

and equipment

Skips Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment (Containers must

be leak-proof.)

Daily O and RPM

Vehicles (e.g. Bob cat) Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment Daily O and RPM

Waste intake and storage area Inspect residue build up and integrity of infrastructure Daily O and RPM

Hopper Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment (Containers must

be leak-proof.)

Daily O and RPM

Blood tanks Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment (Containers must

be leak-proof.)

Daily O and RPM

Pressure cooking vessels Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment (Containers must

be leak-proof.)

Daily O and RPM

Hammer mill and screen Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment Daily O and RPM

Bagging and dispatch area Inspect residue build up and integrity of infrastructure Daily O and RPM

Sump Inspect residue build up and integrity of infrastructure (Walls, pipes etc.

must be leak-proof.)

Daily O and RPM

Dig out, clean and check structure. Weekly O and RPM

Wastewater treatment facilities Inspect integrity of infrastructure, equipment (Ponds, tanks, pipes etc.

must be leak-proof.)

Daily O and RPM

Pond equilibrium Daily O and RPM

Boiler Smoke from stack (Dark smoke is an indication of poor combustion) Daily O and RPM

Stack condition Annually O and RPM

Type of coal used in the boiler (Request supplier to provide this

information with coal purchased).

Whenever

there is a

change of

supplier

O and RPM

Condensers Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment Weekly RPM



Biofilter Inspect residue build up and integrity of equipment Weekly RPM

Scheduled

maintenance

and service

Skips Scheduled maintenance and service Daily MM

Vehicles (e.g. Bob cat) Scheduled maintenance and service Daily MM

Waste intake and storage area Scheduled maintenance and service Weekly MM

Hopper Scheduled maintenance and service Weekly MM

Blood tanks Scheduled maintenance and service Weekly MM

Pressure cooking vessels Scheduled maintenance and service Weekly MM

Hammer mill and screen Scheduled maintenance and service Weekly MM

Bagging and dispatch area Scheduled maintenance and service Weekly MM

Sump Scheduled maintenance and service Daily MM

Wastewater treatment facilities Scheduled maintenance and service Daily MM and M

Boiler Scheduled maintenance and service (Optimal combustion will allow for

‘cleaner’ stack emissions)

Daily MM and M

Condensers Repair and maintenance should be undertaken in accordance with the


Weekly MM and M

Biofilter Repair and maintenance should be undertaken in accordance with the


Daily MM and M

Training Training All existing and new employees should be trained on the following

topics found in this OMP:



Operational Maintenance and Monitoring Plan and compiling site

inspection reports;

Odour contingency preparedness plan and response procedure;

and the

Quarterly RPM




Please note that the frequency of training should be increased in the

event of an incident or complaint.

Record keeping Site inspection report All inspection of infrastructure and equipment should be recorded. Monthly MM and M1

Review records Weekly MM and M

Incident report All reports and/or notifications of incidents and anticipated incidents of

abnormal or out-of-course events and in particular, failure events

should be recorded.

Per

incident on

Aims

QC

Review records Weekly RPM

Preventative and/or corrective

measures report

All actions taken to prevent and/or correct abnormal or out-of-course

events and in particular, failure events should be recorded.

Weekly RPM and QC

Review records Weekly RPM and QC

Complaints register Records of complaints should be kept for at least two years. Done and

on-going.

QC

Records should be kept of actions taken to address complaints. Done and

on-going.

QC

Training A copy of the training scope and an attendance register of each training

event.

Done and

on-going.

RPM and QC

1 C – Cleaner, MM – Maintenance Manager, M – Manufacturer, O – Operator, RPM – Rendering Plant Manager, QC – Quality Controller.



Table 9: Odour Related Emergency Response Procedure.

Contingency situation Response measures Responsibility

Infrastructure wear and/

or Equipment failure

Report incident and/or complaint to the site manager Employee or shift supervisor

Verify whether the incident and/or complaint reported is in fact

an incident and/or a legitimate complaint.

Rendering Plant Manager

Notify the managing director and adjacent land owners of

incident.

Pro-actively advise stakeholders/neighbours of potential

problems during shutdowns, process upsets and other

abnormal situations.

Rendering Plant Manager

Investigate corrective and preventative measures Rendering Plant Manager

Major incidents are to be reported to authorities within 24 hours Managing Director

Complete corrective and preventative action Rendering Plant Manager

Implement preventative and/or corrective measures Rendering Plant Manager



5. SUMMARY





daily basis.




The generation of odorants is generally the most significant issue at a rendering facility. Sources of

odorous emissions from the rendering facility include:

Steam from the pressure cooker vessels;

Fugitive emissions from the working environment, such as:

Biological degradation of raw material (e.g. Waste intake and storage area);

Vapour leaks from machinery (e.g. Blood tank); and

Wastewater treatment facilities (e.g. Earth evaporation pond).

Chubby Chick Enterprises employed Shangoni Management Services to develop an Odour Management

Plan (OMP) for their rendering facility in the Potchefstroom area, so that they may comply to the following

legislative conditions applicable to their facility (Refer to section 1.2: National Legislative Requirements;

1.2.1, 1.2.2 and 1.2.3):

“Taking reasonable steps to prevent the emission of any offensive odour caused by any activity on

their premises”;

“A fugitive emissions management plan must be included in the Atmospheric Emission Licenses

for listed activities that are likely to generate such emissions”; and

“Best practice measures intended to minimise or avoid offensive odours must be implemented by

all installations. These measures must be documented to the satisfaction of the Licensing

Authority”.

An OMP is a documented, operational plan describing reasonable measures to be implemented by the

rendering plant manager in anticipation of the formation of odours and their release from the site. It

considers procedures and techniques to manage odours across the whole of the process, and odour

exposure chain (Source-Pathway-Receptor).

Management should refer to Table 6 for operational procedures to manage odour and Table 7 for the

control of odour by treatment technologies. Table 8 provides an operational maintenance and monitoring



plan. This operational maintenance and monitoring plan should be used to develop a site inspection

report.

Abnormal or out-of-course events and in particular, failure events are important in odour management.

Often pollution and complaint issues arise from transient or short term conditions that provide a

mechanism for the release of substantial quantities of unabated process exhaust and consequently cause

offensive odour beyond the boundary fence (e.g. from containment failure, abatement bypass or

overloading). Should such a release occur please refer to Table 9 for the odour related emergency

response procedure.

The following reports and registers should also be developed, implemented and reviewed as specified in

Table 8 of the OMP:

Complaints register;

Incident report; and

Preventative and/or corrective measures report.

Develop training material based on the following topics taken from this OMP:






All existing and new employees should be trained on these topics (see above). Please note that the

frequency of training should be increased in the event of an incident or complaint (Refer to Table 8 for

frequency of training).


operation of the process and updated.

chubby chick enterprises - shangoni management … · 2016-06-29 · chubby chick enterprises has a...

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