chrysanthemum marigoldagroart.in/uploads/2018/12/complete-crops.pdf · excellent desert fruit and...

CHRYSANTHEMUM It is an important flower crop grown all over the world. It belongs to “Compositae” family. In India, the commercial cultivation of Chrysanthemum is done because of its good demand.

Total period of crop – 90-130 days Required temperature – 18-40 °C

MARIGOLD It is a common grown flower of India. It is very important flower, as it extensively used on religious

and social function. As it is short duration crop

with low investment, it becomes popular crop of India. Marigold flowers are attractive in shape and

color.

Flower Picking starts – from 60 days


GERBERA Gerbera is also known as “Transwal Daisy” or “African Daisy”. It is an ornamental flowering plant. It belongs to compositae family. Start of flowering- from 80-90 days Total period of crop – last for 2 years Required temperature – 15-25 °C

PANCY Pansies are the colorful flowers with “faces.” Cool-weather favorite, pansies are great for both spring and fall gardens! Here’s how to keep your pansies growing and blooming. You can start pansy seeds indoors 6 to 8 weeks before you plan on transplanting them.

Start of flowering- from 40-50 days

Required temperature – 15-25 °C

STRAWBERRY The garden strawberry is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus Fragaria, collectively known

as the strawberries. It is cultivated worldwide for

its fruit. The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture,

and sweetness

Start of flowering- from 40-50 days

Fruit picking start from – 60-75 days Required temperature – 15-25 °C

WATERMELON

Watermelon is originated in South Africa. It is an

important cucurbitaceous vegetable in India. It is an

excellent desert fruit and its juice contain 92% water along with proteins, minerals and

carbohydrates. In Japan, cubic shape watermelon

are popular, they grow watermelon in glass box and

give cubic shape.

Start of fruiting picking – 50-60 days Total period of crop – 90-120 days


MUSKMELON

MUSKMELON is important vegetable crop of India. These are mother fruits of several better-

known cultivars.

It contains about 90% of water and 9% Carbohydrates.

Fruit Picking starts – from 90 days

Total period of crop – 105-120 days Required temperature –18 -30 °C

Parsley Parsley or garden parsley is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae Plant the seeds 3 to 4 weeks before the last spring frost because parsley is a slow starter. Parsley is a source of flavonoids and anti-oxidants, especially luteolin, apigenin,folic acid, vitamin K, vitamin C, and vitamin A Duration of crop : Biennial Temperature required- 12-25 °C

CELERY The botanical name of celery is Apiumgraveolens and is also known as Karnauli. It is also known for its medicinal properties. Celery is used to cure joint pain, headache, nervousness, gout, weight loss, blood purification etc. It is rich in vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin B6, folate and potassium.

Total period of crop – 100-130 days


CORIANDER Coriander is an annual herb plant used as a spice in kitchen. It is mostly grown for its fruit and green leaves to provide flavor in dishes. Coriander also has good medicinal value.


Mint Mint belongs to the genus Mentha, in the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae) The entire aerial shoots together with foliage is a source of essential oil rich in menthol, carvone, linalool and linanyl acetate having use in pharmaceutical preparations and flavour industry. Total period of crop – 30-110 days


LEMON GRASS It belongs to the family of Gramineae

Three types of lemon grasses viz. East Indian

lemongrass. West Indian lemon grass (C.citratus), and

Jammu lemon grass (C.pendulus)

Total period of crop – throughout the year Required temperature – 20-40 °C

BASIL/TULSI The botanical name of Tulsi is Ocimum sanctum. Tulsi is a domestic plant and is grown widely in India. It is also known by its different names at different places like Holy Basil in English, Thulasi in Tamil, Tulasi in Punjabi, Imli in Urdu etc. Tulsi is worshipped by people. Tulsi is known for its medicinal values, antimicrobial and antiviral properties which helps in purifying the air. Drugs obtained from Tulsi are used to cure stress, fever, decreases inflammation and increases stamina. It is an annual shrub with average height of 2 to 4 feet. Flowers are small and purple in color. It is found throughout in India but in MP it is found commonly. Total period of crop – Perennial crop Required temperature – 12-30 °C

Oregano Oregano is a perennial herb with creeping roots, 30-90 cm high, branched woody stems and opposite, petiolate and hairy leaves (1.5 cm long). The flowers are pale purple and the flowering period extends from late June to August. Each flower produces four small structures. The foliage is dotted with small glands containing the volatile oil, which gives the plant aroma and colour. Total period of crop – Perennial crop Required temperature – Temperate to sub-tropical climate is preferred by the plant and it grows in light, well-drained soil in a sunny position.

LETTUCE Lettuce belongs to family of Asteraceae. It is also called as Salad crops as it is consumed in uncooked form. Because of its diet and medicinal values, its demand is increasing rapidly. It is mostly grown for leaves purpose but sometime it is cultivated for seed and stem purpose. Total period of crop – 60-75 days Required temperature – 20-30 °C

SPINACH Spinach belongs to family of "Amaranthaceae" and it is native of central and western Asia. It is perennial vegetable and cultivated throughout the world. Spinach is also known as "Palak" in Hindi. It is a rich source of iron, vitamin and anti-oxidants. It has many health benefits. It helps to increases immunity. It is good for digestion, also good for skin, hair, eyes and for brain health. Total period of crop – 45-50 days Required temperature – 15-30 °C

FENUGREEK Fenugreek belongs to leguminous family. In local language it is known as Methi, is the most common vegetable grown throughout the country. Leaves are used for vegetable purpose and its seed are used for flavouring purpose. Leaves and seed also have medicinal value, they help to reduce blood sugar and cholesterol. It is also used for fodder purpose. Total period of crop – 60-70 days Required temperature – 15-28 °C

KALE Kale is a cool-season crop, which is a member of the cabbage family and a healthy leafy green vegetable. It is one of the most popular and a nutritious vegetable around the world and its popularity is steadily increasing in India. The Scientific name of Kale is Brassica oleracea; it belongs to the same species of Cabbage, Broccoli, and Cauliflower, but it does not form any heads. Kale is one of the best low-calorie foods, loaded with vitamin and minerals. It is high in Vitamin K and Manganese. Kale is also a source of the carotenoids – lutein and zeaxanthin. Boiling kale decreases the level of glucosinolate compounds, whereas steaming, microwaving or stir-frying does not result in significant loss. Total period of crop – 50-80 days Required temperature – It can be grown during winter. Seeds are sown in October-November

MUSTARD GREENS Mustard greens are fast growing, nutritious leafy greens. They’re perfect for gardens and containers in both spring and fall. Although not quite as cold hardy as their cousins, collards and kale, piquant mustard greens do tolerate a light frost, which makes their leaves sweeter. In areas where there are no killing freezes, gardeners enjoy growing mustard greens all winter long. The mustard patch is a pretty sight in the cool season garden. The leafy plants are easy to care for and good companions to fall flowers such as pansies. Mustard greens grow in a rosette of leaves up to about a foot-and-a-half tall. You can simmer the big peppery greens or pick smaller, young leaves to

SQUASH MELON

Squash Melon is also known as round melon, round

gourd, and Indian squash. It is important summer

vegetable of north India. In Punjab it is called as "tinda". Squash Melon origin is present in India. It

belongs to family of Cucurbitaceae.

eat raw in salads and sandwiches. Total period of crop – 30-50 days Required temperature – 7-30 degree °C

Start of fruiting – 50-65days Total period of crop – 70-85 days


BITTER GOURD Another name of Bitter gourd is “bitter melon” and is also known as “Karela” in Hindi. The botanical name of bitter gourd is Memordicacharantia and it belongs to the family of “Cucurbitaceae”. It is popularly known for its medicinal, nutritional and other excellent health benefits. Start of fruiting- from 70-80 days Total period of crop – 115-120 days Required temperature – 25-31 °C

BOTTLE GOURD Bottle gourd is also known as “Calabash” or “lauki” and it belongs to family “Cucurbitaceae”. It is an annual climbing vine which has vigorous growth. The plant bears white color flowers which bears fleshy and bottle shaped fruits. The fruit is used for cooking purpose. Start of fruiting- 75-80 days Total period of crop – 115-120 days Required temperature – 24-27 °C

Brinjal Brinjal (Solenummelongena) belongs to family Solanaceae, considered native to India and is a widely grown vegetable in Asian countries. it can be successfully grown in dry area with low irrigation facilities. It is moderate source of

Broccoli In India, broccoli farming is a boom for the rural economy. It is a cool season crop and can be grown in spring season. It is a rich source of nutrition such as iron, calcium and vitamins. The crop contains 3.3% of protein content and high

Vitamins and minerals. It can grow throughout the year. Start of fruiting- 60-70 days Total period of crop – 80-90 days Required temperature – 15-32 °C

content of Vitamin A and C. It also contains substantial amount of riboflavin, niacin and thiamine and also contains high concentration of carotenoids. Start of fruiting- 60-70 days Total period of crop – 80-90 days Required temperature – 12-30 °C

CABBAGE It is leafy green or purple plant grown as annual vegetable crop. These are rich source of vitamin A and C also it contains minerals like phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium and iron. Cabbage can be eaten as raw as well as in cook form. Start of fruiting- 60-70 days Total period of crop – 90-105 days Required temperature – 12-30 °C

CAPSICUM It is a valuable vegetable crop which is grown in green house or in shade net houses. It is also known as “Sweet pepper” or “bell pepper”. Capsicums are the rich source of minerals and Vitamins A and C. it is a perennial herbaceous plant which belongs to the family of Solanaceae. Start of fruiting- 80-90 days Total period of crop – 130-165 days Required temperature – 21-25 °C

CARROT Carrot "annual" or "biannual" herb belongs to family of Umbelliferae and it is native of "Europe". It is a great source of Vitamin A. Total period of crop – 60-75 days Required temperature – 7-23 °C

CAULIFLOWER Cauliflower is popular vegetable and this belongs to family Cruciferous. It work as anti-cancer agent. It promotes heart health, lower cholesterol levels. Start of fruiting - 40-50 days Total period of crop – 70-75 days Required temperature – 12-30 °C

CHILLI It is known as the most valuable crop of India. It is used as a principle ingredient of various curries and chutneys, also used in vegetables, spices, condiments, sauces and pickles. Pungency in chillies is due to the active constituent "Capsaicin", an alkaloid. Start of fruiting -80-90 days Total period of crop – 150-180 days Required temperature – 18-40 °C

CUCUMBER The botanical name of cucumber is Cucumissativus. Cucumbers are originated in India. It is a climbing plant which is used as summer vegetable throughout in India. The cucumber fruit is eaten raw or is served as a salad or cooked as a vegetable. The seeds of cucumber are used for oil extraction which is good for body and brain. Start of fruiting – 40-60days Total period of crop – 60-75 days Required temperature – 25-35 °C

PEAS It belongs to Leguminaceae family. It is a cool season crop grown throughout the world. Green pods are used for vegetable purpose and dried peas are used as pulse. It is rich source of proteins, amino acids and sugars. Green peas straw is good source of nutritional fodder for livestock. Start of fruiting – 60-75days Total period of crop – 95-100 days Required temperature – 18-25 °C

OKRA Okra or Ladies Finger is an annual plant belongs to the family Malvaceae. Okra is mainly grown for its green tender nutritive fruits. Okra is rich source of vitamins, protein, calcium and other minerals. Start of fruiting – 60-75days Total period of crop – 75-100 days Required temperature – 20-30 °C

TOMATO Tomato is originated in Peru of South America. It is important commercial vegetable crop of India. It is rich source of vitamin A, C, potassium and minerals. It is used in soup, juice and ketch up, powder. Start of fruiting – 50-60 days Total period of crop – 80-90 days Required temperature – 10-30 °C

RADDISH Radish, edible root vegetable belongs to family of "Cruciferae" and its origin is in Mediterranean. It is crop of tropical and temperate region. It is a quick growing annual or biannual herb. Radish is good source of vitamin B6, Calcium, copper, magnesium and riboflavin. Also it is rich in ascorbic acid, folic acid and potassium. Total period of crop – 45-65 days Required temperature – 18-25 °C

FRENCH BEANS French beans are smaller than common green beans

and have a soft, velvety pod. Quite fleshy for their

size, only tiny seeds inhabit these delicate pods.

French beans are sweet, tender and wonderfully crispy. French beans are delicious

Start of fruiting – 60-75days



SPONGE GOURD It is also known as “Luffa” sponge gourd. The vines of sponge gourd attain the height of 30 feet or more. The fruits of sponge gourd are cylindrical in shape and outer skin is smooth green. The fruit contains white inner flesh which is fibrous and have similar flavor to bitter melon. Start of fruiting – 60-75days Total period of crop – 80-90 days Required temperature – 25-28 °C

GINGER (ADRAKH) Ginger (Zingiberofficinale Rosc.)

(Family: Zingiberaceae) is a herbaceous

perennial, the rhizomes of which are used as a

spice.

Start of rhizome -100-120 days


TURNIP It is hardy cool weather crop belongs to family of Brassicaceae. It is grown for its roots as well as for green leaves. Turnip root is rich source of Vitamin C where as its leaves are rich source of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, foliate and Calcium. It is grown in temperate, tropical as well as sub-tropical region of India. Commonly grown turnip is of white color. Total period of crop – 50-70 days Required temperature – 12-30 °C

ONION Onion is most widely cultivated popular vegetable

species. It is used for culinary purpose also it has

several non-culinary use like it is used as Moth repellent because of its pungent juice, it is used to

polish glass and copperware, onion concentrated

water can be spray on plants to increased plants

pest resistance. It is adapted to a temperature range of 13-24° C for

vegetative stage and 16-21° C for the bulbing stage,

30 -35° C at maturity and harvest. It performs best in a mild weather without the extremes of cold,

heat and excess rainfall.



GARLIC Garlic can be grown at elevation of 1200–2000 m from the mean sea level. It requires short days, cool (12–18 °C) moist period during vegetative growth. It is used as spice in many dishes. It has excellent medicinal properties. It is rich source of Protein, Phosphorus, and Potassium etc.

Start of fruiting – 60-75days



BEETROOT

Beta vulgaris (beet) is a plant which is included in

Betoideae subfamily in the Amaranthaceae family. In a 100 gram amount, beets supply 43 Calories,

contain 88% water, 10% carbohydrates, about 2%

protein and have a minute amount of fat

Total period of crop –100-120 days


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