New TV and Computer Displays

Christos Laoutaris

New TV Displays: OLED Technology 3D TV Technology Ultra Hi-Vision TV

Computer Monitors

Overview

OLED(Organic Light Emitting

Diode)

OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode

An OLED consists of an emissive organic material, that when supplied with an electrical current, can produce a superior full-color flat panel display.

What is an OLED?

• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.

Architecture of OLEDs

Emissive and conductive layer lie between the cathode and the anode layers

• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.

Architecture of OLEDs

Emissive and conductive layer lie between the cathode and the anode layers

A current is applied across the LED, where electrons move from cathode to anode

• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.

Architecture of OLEDs

Emissive and conductive layer lie between the cathode and the anode layers

A current is applied across the LED, where electrons move from cathode to anode

The cathode gives electrons to the emissive layer, where the anode withdraws these electrons from the conductive layer

 

• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.

Architecture of OLEDs

Emissive and conductive layer lie between the cathode and the anode layers

A current is applied across the LED, where electrons move from cathode to anode

The cathode gives electrons to the emissive layer, where the anode withdraws these electrons from the conductive layer

The emissive layer becomes rich in negative charge while the conductive layer becomes more positively charged

 

• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.

Architecture of OLEDs

Emissive and conductive layer lie between the cathode and the anode layers

A current is applied across the LED, where electrons move from cathode to anode

The cathode gives electrons to the emissive layer, where the anode withdraws these electrons from the conductive layer

The emissive layer becomes rich in negative charge while the conductive layer becomes more positively charged

The two charges recombine in the emissive layer, creating a drop in energy levels of the electrons

The drop in energy levels results in radiation that is on the visible spectrum, emitting light  

Passive OLEDs• The organic layer is between

strips of cathode and anode that run perpendicular

• The intersections form the pixels•  Easy to make• Use more power• Best for small screens

Active OLEDs• Full layers of cathode and

anode•  Anode over lays a thin film

transistor (TFT)• Requires less power• Higher refresh rates• Suitable for large screens

Types of OLEDs

Transparent OLEDs• Transparent OLEDs have only

transparent components (substrate, cathode and anode)

• When a transparent OLED display is turned on, it allows light to pass in both directions. A transparent OLED display can be either active- or passive-matrix

Types of OLEDs

Samsung’s new 14 inch transparent OLED laptop

• Released XEL-1 in February 2009. • First OLED TV sold in stores.• 11'' screen, 3mm thin• US$2500• Weighs approximately 1.9 kg • Wide 178 degree viewing angle• 1,000,000:1 Contrast ratio

OLED Televisions

Sony

OLED vs LED Backlighting LCDviewing angles

some OLED TV

Sony plans to introduce new OLED TVs soon. There are talks of a 27", 21" or maybe even 30" TVs.

Samsung 30-inch 3D AMOLED TV

LG 31’’ 3D OLED TV

New OLED 3D TV’s

LG 31-inch 3D OLED TV,pictures from IFA2010

LG 31-inch 3D OLED TV super slim TV

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma 1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma 1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more

flexible than the crystalline layers in a LED or LCD

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma 1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible 2. Bright from all viewing angles

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma 1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible 2. Bright from all viewing angles

OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees.

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma 1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible 2. Bright from all viewing angles

OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees.

LCDs work by blocking light, while OLEDs produce their own light, therefore OLED have a much wider

viewing range.

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma 1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible 2. Bright from all viewing angles

OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees.

LEDs and LCDs require glass for support, and glass absorbs some light. OLEDs do not require glass.

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible 2. Bright from all viewing angles 3 Consume significantly less energy

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible 2. Bright from all viewing angles 3 Consume significantly less energy

Because OLEDs do not require backlighting, they consume much less power than LCDs (most of the LCD power goes to the backlighting)

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

1. Thinner, lighter and more flexible 2. Bright from all viewing angles

3 Consume significantly less energy

4. OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs

5. Easier Production Process - Potentially Lower Production Costs

Advantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

1. Lifetime - The organic material that is being used only has a limited lifespan.

Disadvantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

1. Lifetime - The organic material that is being used only has a limited lifespan.

According to some studies, after around 14,000 hours (5 years per 8 hours a day) of using OLED television the quality of images(blue color) will fade half to its original brightness. Unlike its competitors which lifespan is around 60,000 hours. 

Disadvantages of OLEDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

1. Lifetime - The organic material that is being used only has a limited lifespan.

According to some studies, after around 14,000 hours (5 years per 8 hours a day) of using OLED television the quality of images(blue color) will fade half to its original brightness. Unlike its competitors which lifespan is around 60,000 hours. 

2. Manufacturing - Manufacturing processes are expensive right now.  3. Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs.  

Disadvantages of OLEDs

3D Display

Overview of 3D display techniques

Stereoscopic Display

Auto -Stereoscopic Display

33

History of 3D (stereoscopic) contents

1858 World’s first three-dimensional image (still picture) was shown:

1895 Motion pictures are invented: The Lumière brothers of France (Auguste and Louis)

1922 Premiere of the first 3D movie: The first 3D movie featuring the anaglyph process, “The Power of Love”,

1952 – 1954 The first 3D cinema boom: As the number of movie-goers declined with the growing popularity of television,

1981 – 1984 The second wave of 3D cinema: Many directors start to actively produce 3D movies again when CATV channels begin to broadcast 3D programs.

3D movie releases over the years

Stereoscopic Display

A stereoscopic effect can be obtained from video on a flat two-dimensional (2D) screen by employing some form of filtering to ensure that information representing a different perspective is presented to each eye

Left Right

Combined

Stereoscopic Displays

Active Stereoscopic TV using◦ Colored glasses◦ Shutter glasses

Passive Stereoscopic TV using:◦ Polarised glasses

Stereoscopic TV using Coloured glasses

This is the oldest of all of the stereoscopic projection systems;

Practical with most existing displays;

Already used on some Blu-Ray discs

Very low cost passive glasses

Colour reproduction problems

Poor quality “3D” results in a home viewing environment

Stereoscopic TV using Shutter glasses

Plasma, LCD (240Hz w/LED Backlight) and soon OLED.

Full 1080p image per eye (Plasma and LCD)

Glasses can be up to 150€ per pair

Currently almost all consumer 3D displays are active glasses based.

Batteries Required

Communicates with TV via BlueTooth or Infrared

Stereoscopic TV using Polarised glasses

Each filter passes only that light which is similarly polarized andblocks the light polarized in the opposite direction, each eye sees a different image

Half resolution per eye

Polarizing filter adds significant cost to the display

Uses inexpensive circular polarized glasses

15000 LG LD920 3D TV passive shutter deal Sky 3D is a 3DTV channel in UK that launched on 3 April

2010 with the Manchester United vs Chelsea football match being broadcast in over a thousand pubs across England in 3D.

On 1 October 2010, Sky 3D became available to residential subscribers.

Auto-stereoscopic TV Autostereoscopic 3D television sets have

two main technologies lenticular lenses and parallax barrier.

Parallax barrier Lenticular sheet

Lenticular lens

Toshiba's new Glasses-less 3D REGZA GL1

Toshiba recommend sitting 65cm away from the 12-inch display and 90cm away from the 90cm panel.

Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV)  is an experimental digital video format, currently proposed by NHK of Japan, the BBC, and RAI.

NHK is calling this video format Super Hi-Vision (SHV)

Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV)

45

Super Hi-Vision has extremely high spatial resolution, 33 million pixels per frame, and it can provide viewers with stunning images.

The wide visual angle of 100 degrees provides viewers with an immersive feeling. The purpose of Super Hi-Vision to home is to provide a totally new viewing experience to

enjoy wide and extremely high resolution images from any viewing distance.

4320

7680

Viewing distance : 0.75 x Picture heightViewing angle : 100 degrees

Comparison between HDTV – Digital Cinema and Super Hi-Vision

The BBC, in conjunction with Japanese public broadcaster NHK, have collaborated for a live performance with a Super Hi-Vision camera at 7,680x4,320 (8K) resolution and sent the live broadcast to Japan.

http://www.engadget.com/2010/09/30/first-super-hi-vision-broadcast-from-uk-to-japan-is-one-for-the/

Computer Monitors

99% of the LCDs sold today come with TN(Twisted Nematic + Film) panels

TN panels have good response time, usually have better contrast controls, and are above all, cheap.

However, TN Panels suffer from bad viewing angles, and low NTSC color gamut. Also most digital displays on the market today cannot surpass 24-bit “True Color” depth (meaning 8 bits per channel, or 256x256x256 RGB)

IPS technology (In Plane Switching)

IPS technology was developed by Hitachi in 1996 to solve the two main limitations of TN-matrices at the time, those being small viewing angles and low-quality color reproduction

IPS evolving technology

IPS displays have better viewing angles (often 179° horizontal, and 170° to 179° vertical)

P-IPS Technology

Thirty-bit color (10 bits per channel, or 1024x1024x1024 RGB) expands the gamut into the “Deep Color” territory of more than a billion hues–1.07 billion.

Though the human eye can only reliably perceive about 10 million colors.

IPS evolving technologyComparison between viewing angles of a TN panel and an IPS panel.

TN panels

IPS

IPS evolving technologyHigher Gamut from old LCD technology

Apple 24’’ LED Cinema Display gamut graph IPS - HP LP2480ZX gamut graph

An example of 10-bit P-IPS LCD

Lacie announced 324i monitor end of September 2010 and it costs $1,249

Fujitsu Launches World's First all in one PC with Full 3D Experience.There is a 3D webcam. The camera allows the user to have 3D video chats or video calls and to take 3D video of themselves.

Touch Monitors42" iTable from PQ Labs with 32 touch points and resolution of 1920*1080

A computer system running the company's touchscreen software is enclosed in the 1.5in thick iTable

Thank you!