christophe traisnel universitÉ de moncton coast, to coast… to coast the role of ‘northern...
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CHRISTOPHE TRAISNEL
UNIVERSITÉ DE MONCTON
Coast, to Coast… to Coast The Role of ‘Northern Bound’
Francophone Communities in Nunavut, North West Territories and Yukon
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Figure 1 : Carte des territoires
(Source : L’Atlas du Canada)
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Approaching Northern Bound Francophones
Research conducted by the ICRML team
Questions regarding factors of language vitality
The main question surrounding the concept of community: who ‘us’?
The issue of small numbers
Beyond statistics: secondary data, storytelling, and ethnographic approach
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Francophones in Context
The territorial context: opportunities and political constraints
Unity for Francophone prosperity : community involvement and organization
Francophone communities: Between recognition and representation
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Main Lessons Drawn From this Research
The particular challenge of the context of the far North
The challenge related to the size of the communities
The challenge related to the status of French in the territories
The challenge of mobility: three communities…of migrants
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The Territories: An Unusual Host Society
33 % of the total surface of Canada
0,3 % of Canadians
101 311 people out of 31 612 897
30 000 in Yukon, 41 000 in NWT, and 29 000 in Nunavut
Living mostly north of the 6oth parallel
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Cultural Landscape: Aboriginal Presence
In Nunavut, approximately 70% of the population reported Inuktitut as their mother tongue
In the Northwest Territories, about 3% of the population reported an Aboriginal language as their mother tongue
In the Yukon, about 15% of the population reported an Aboriginal language as their mother tongue
Nearly half of the inhabitants of the territories reported having an Aboriginal identity
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Institutional Distinctions
The territories... are not provinces
The devolution process
The issue of government obligations concerning Francophone minorities
Local language of legislation
A cross-cultural political status for Francophones
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Francophones in the Territories
Around 1200 people are native speakers of French in the Yukon (4% of the population),
There are approximately 1 000 in the NWT (2 %) There are approximately 400 in Nunavut (1 %) In all three territories: 3 % of the populationThe Francophone minority represent about 4% of
Canadians outside of Quebec Visibility: more than 7 out of 10 French-speaking
residents live in the city or close to major centers 1000 more Francophones in the territories since
1971
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Migration Dynamics in the Territories
The First Nations presence
A random and fluctuating migration history
A migration taking into account the economic and development needs
Approximately 7000 individuals born outside of Canada and living in the territories in 2006
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Immigration in Yukon
3005 Yukon residents are foreign born
1950 immigrated before 1991, 385 between 2001 and 2006
Concentration in major centres: 2295 Yukon residents of immigrant origin live in Whitehorse
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Immigration in the NWT
2815 NWT residents are foreign born
1470 immigrated before 1991, 600 between 2001 and 2006
Concentration in major centres: 2140 NWT residents of immigrant origin live in Yellowknife
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Immigration in Nunavut
455 Nunavut residents are foreign born
300 immigrated before 1991, 55 between 2001 and 2006
No figures on immigrants in Iqaluit.
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Interprovincial Migrants
Between 2001 and 2006: 12 456 individuals from the provinces have settled in the territories
…And 13 824 individuals have left the territories during the same period
A particular aspect of the territories: they receive many migrants, but they seldom stay.
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Francophone Immigration
Language most often spoken at home and immigration: an overview of the presence of Francophone immigrants
Yukon: 80 immigrants out of 540 FrancophonesNWT: 40 immigrants out of 440 FrancophonesNunavut: 10 out of 200 Francophones
Francophone communities where the number of immigrants exceeds the number of Francophones born in the territory
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Francophone Migration: Some Figures
85% of Francophones were born outside the territories (in Canada or abroad)
By comparaison:The Canadian mobility is 32%The average mobility in the territories is 48%Francophones are mostly from Quebec: 45% in
the NWT, 54% in Yukon and 58% in Nunavut
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Impact of Migration on Language Vitality
Northern bound Francophones: communities where everyone faces the challenges of welcoming, installation and integration
The unique experience of living up North: come, settle… and then leave
Diverse linguistic practices: a small French-speaking Canada, between carefree living and linguistic insecurity
The challenges of welcoming and retention, at the heart of the linguistic vitality of Francophone communities
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The Know-How in Welcoming
Support from the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada in the 2000s
Association franco-yukonnaise and Carrefour Immigration Crossword
The CDTNO and its employability service The Fédération franco-ténoise and its center for
immigrants
A culture of the host community: the advantage of small communities
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Community Portrait
A northern bound Francophone community which is becoming institutionalized, that lasts a certain amount of time, that is mobilizing, which defines its issues, which builds on its identity references…
…but whose members are often only ‘passing through’, indicating the importance of elsewehere in the community, but placing a number of challenges to the sustainability of the Francophone culture in the area
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The Relevance of Migration
Migration management which is at the heart of the vitality of northern bound Francophone communities
A case of a society of migrants, both singular and emblematic, of new migration patterns
Passing through, rather than settling in
Questionning of the barriers existing between the host community and the newcomers