Slide 1

Christine Apikul Slide 2 Module 1 Objectives Provide an overview of the global trends in e-governance Discuss the status of e-governance in the Arab region and in Iraq Define key terminologies including content, content management, portal and portal management Describe the technological trends affecting content management and portal management Highlight the strategic directions and challenges in content management and portal management Slide 3 Status of e-Governance According to the United Nations e-Government Survey 2012, progress in online service delivery continues in most countries Many countries have an e-governance strategy in place Most countries have established a national e- governance portal Slide 4 e-Government Development Leaders (Source: UN e-Government Survey 2012) RankCountrye-Government Development Index 1Republic of Korea0.9283 2Netherlands0.9125 3United Kingdom0.8960 4Denmark0.8889 5United States of America0.8687 6France0.8635 7Sweden0.8599 8Norway0.8593 9Finland0.8505 10Singapore0.8474 Slide 5 UN e-Gov Survey Indices Online services public websites and services at different levels of maturity Telecommunication computers, Internet users, phone lines, mobile/fixed subscriptions Human capital adult literacy rate, gross education enrolment e-Participation information sharing, consultation, decision-making Slide 6 Barriers and Challenges Low levels of e-governance uptake even in developed countries The digital divide further impedes the uptake of e- governance Internal challenges include inefficient and ineffective government processes and mindsets, and political regulatory and budgetary constraints Citizens are increasingly expecting government to go beyond online service delivery, moving from what the technological developments can do, to what citizens want Slide 7 The Digital Divide The digital divide separates people in several ways: 1. It can mean separation between those who have access to technology versus those who do not 2. It separates those who have access to information versus those who do not 3. It creates a separation between those who are able to successfully use ICTs versus those who are not able to Slide 8 Cost of fixed broadband subscription (Source: ITU) < 1% of average monthly income (AMI) Top 31 developed countries > 50% of AMI In 19 of these countries > 100% of AMI Bottom 32 countries Slide 9 Global e-Governance Trends Countries are moving to an integrated unified whole- of-government model Countries are paying closer attention to multichannel service delivery Countries are engaging more closely with citizens Slide 10 Whole-of-government Model From silos to an integrated approach Driven by various societal forces such as: 1. Growing complexity of problems that call for collaborative responses 2. Increased demand from citizens for more personalized and accessible public services 3. Opportunities presented by the Internet to transform Slide 11 Whole-of-government Model The product of this model is an integrated one-stop portal Two approaches: 1. One national integrated portal e.g. Australia, Bahrain, Denmark, Israel, NZ, Norway, Qatar, Republic of Korea, UAE, USA 2. More than one portal, with thematic and/or functional services integrated in a manner that finds e-information separate from e-services or e-participation. e.g. Most countries from the European Union Slide 12 Multichannel Service Delivery The provision of public services by various means in an integrated and coordinated way so that users receive consistent information and services across channels Driven by: 1. Diverse needs and demands of citizens for services 2. Reach out to as many people as possible, no matter how poor, illiterate or isolated Slide 13 Multichannel Service Delivery Mix of channels, complemented by human interaction and networks Online web portal, website, email, online chat Mobile devices mobile web, mobile application, SMS, cell broadcasting Telephone and fax Contact centre - can handle voice, Internet and written channels (fax and regular mail) Community service centres or telecentres or kiosks Government counters Slide 14 Citizen Centric Why? Governments recognize that the benefits of e-governance services are very much determined by the number and type of users of these services, and the frequency of their use Citizens uptake of e-governance services generally low, e.g. 32% in EU countries A shift from what services governments can provide to what citizens really need The focus on citizen-centric portal design, conduct of customer survey satisfaction and involvement of citizens in consultations and decision-making processes are evidence of this trend Slide 15 Degree of Citizen Engagement The United Nations e-Government Survey measures the degree of e-participation against three benchmarks: 1. Does the national government publish information on items under consideration? (e-information) 2. Are there ways for the public to engage in consultations with policy makers, government officials and one another? (e-consultation) 3. Can citizens directly influence decisions, for example by voting online or using a mobile telephone? (e- decision-making) Slide 16 Right to Information Provide the right to access official documents and other information held by government bodies, subject to exemptions for certain sensitive information Recognized as a fundamental human right Linked to accountability and good governance Slide 17 Open Data Governments opening previously locked-up data sets Providing raw data to their citizens Citizens using raw data to produce mashups Slide 18 Co-produced Map using Open Data after 2010 Haiti Earthquake (Source: http://haiti.openstreetmap.nl) Slide 19 Apps Using Open Data Slide 20 Question What do you think are the implications of these trends on content management and portal management? Slide 21 Portal: The Window to e-Government Services (Source: Smart Cube) Slide 22 Stages of e-Governance Stage 1 Emerging Information Services Web presence Stage 2 Enhanced Information Services Simple two- way communication Stage 3 Transactional Services Services (financial and non-financial) available 24/7 Stage 4 Connected Services Integration and citizen empowerment Slide 23 e-Government Journey (Source: DiMaio, A and Kost, J, Hype Cycle Shows E-Government Overcoming Disillusionment, Gartner, 17 March 2004 in infoDev/World Bank, e-Government Primer, Washington, DC, 2009) Slide 24 Slide 25 E-Government Development Ranking (Source: UN e-Government Survey 2012) Country20102012 Republic of Korea11 United Arab Emirates4928 Bahrain1336 Saudi Arabia5841 Qatar6248 Kuwait5063 Lebanon9387 Jordan5198 Syria133128 Iraq136137 Yemen164167 SomaliaN/A190 Slide 26 Bahrain (http://www.bahrain.bh) e-Government Authority established in 2007 to coordinate and execute e-government initiatives Work teams were created in all government ministries and entities to accelerate the transformation towards e-services Delivers e-services through multiple channels: e-government portal, mobile portal, national contact centre (a 24/7 call centre), and e- services centres and kiosks A customer charter ensures customer centricity of service delivery through the development of well-defined service levels and customer grievance redressal systems By the end of 2010, the customer satisfaction index reached 92% among individuals, 93% businesses, and 70% government employees Slide 27 Qatar (http://portal.www.gov.qa) A governance model was established that included: Sponsor GroupSteering Committee Program Management CommitteeProject Steering Committee Project Delivery TeamsUser Committees Extensive new ICT infrastructure has been constructed to support the full integration of government service They include: Government NetworkGovernment Data Centre Government Contact CenterGovt Resources Planning Payment PlatformPublic Key Infrastructure Information Security Governance Slide 28 Saudi Arabia (http://www.saudi.gov.sa) Some government agencies have been successful in implementing e-services, delivering over 50% of their e-services as full transactional services eDashboard portal verifies the identity of the citizen and serves as a single sign-on portal where citizens can access all services provided The Open Data Initiative makes information publicly available, encouraging e-participation Slide 29 Dubai, United Arab Emirates (http://www.dubai.ae) Shared Services approach Centrally focused on building common parts needed by all offices (e.g., payment, customer support, content management system, hosting, etc.) Government departments were given the freedom to creatively build their own e-services Resulted in standardization, best practices sharing, cost savings and reduced time to market Relieves departments from the efforts and cost of establishing own electronic presence, including the infrastructure and expertise that other departments can utilize Slide 30 e-Governance in Iraq (http://www.egov.gov.iq) The Iraqi e-Governance Ministerial Steering Committee was established in February 2009 It is chaired by the Minister of Science and Technology and is widely represented by the ministries across Iraq The National e-Governance Strategy and Plan of Action 2012-2015 has been developed and endorsed by the Cabinet of Iraq Slide 31 e-Governance in Iraq (http://www.egov.gov.iq) Sectoral e-strategies developed. Includes: e-health, e- education, e-municipal works and e-citizens personnel records A strategic framework for local government developed to guide coordination and cooperation A Training of Master Trainers Programme on e- Governance initiated in July 2010, followed by roll-out of e-governance training throughout Iraq In July 2011, the e-Governance Iraq portal was launched Slide 32 e-Governance in Iraq (http://www.egov.gov.iq) Community Services Centres (CSCs) will be established Post offices and youth centres will host the CSCs. The CSCs will be linked with the implementation of the pilot e-services CSCs will address local issues and priorities A Government Interoperability Framework and National Enterprise Architecture developed Slide 33 Some Key Facts About Iraq (Source: World Bank ICT Little Data Book 2011) 20002009 Lower-middle income group average (2009) 2012 (Source: UN e-Gov Survey) Mobile phone subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.062.657.875.8 Mobile phone usage (minutes per user per month) N/A186342N/A Population covered by mobile phone network (%) N/A7277N/A Slide 34 Some Key Facts About Iraq (Source: World Bank ICT Little Data Book 2011) 20002009 Lower-middle income group average (2009) 2012 (Source: UN e-Gov Survey) Telephone lines (per 100 people) 2.73.512.75.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.01.017.25.6 Fixed broadband Internet subscribers (per 100 people) 0.10.05.50.0 Slide 35 Slide 36 The Role of CIOs Providing policy leadership Supporting and monitoring open government initiatives Coordinating ICT programmes and projects across government to ensure they are aligned with overall strategy, and monitoring and reporting on spending Building technology competence among government officials Improving and expanding ICT infrastructure International cooperation with donors and NGOs on e- governance initiatives Slide 37 CIO Qualities Strong leader with authority across ministerial and departmental boundaries to facilitate strategy and decision-making And skills to: Define shared needs Identify and remove common barriers to collaboration Steer process redesign efforts Motivate and support ministries/departments in achieving shared goals Facilitate communication among and between ministries/departments Slide 38 CIO Placement Mostly in an IT unit About 10% of countries (mostly high-income countries) have a CIO or equivalent officially placed in a senior position in the cabinet office, finance ministry or public administration department CIO councils in some countries to: Address common concerns and challenges of CIOs Develop capacity of CIOs Share knowledge Slide 39 Exercise: My Wish Write down on a card a personal wish on one of the following aspects: How can the challenges in content management and portal management that I face be resolved? What are the policies, systems, procedures and innovations that should be in place to make my work easier? How can we work together better to achieve the goals set in the Iraq e-Governance Strategy an Action Plan? Assist in grouping these cards into categories Participants are then given three stickers that can be placed on the cards that address their highest priority issues These cards will be revisited near the end of the training course in a discussion session Slide 40 Content Content Management Content Management System Enterprise Content System Portal Portal Management Slide 41 Content Content management is the set of processes and technologies that support the planning, collection, development, editing, publishing, preservation and evaluation of information in any form or medium In recent times this information is typically referred to as content or, to be precise, digital content Digital content may take the form of: Text (such as electronic documents) Multimedia files (such as audio or video files) or Other file type that requires management Slide 42 Content In a content management process, digital content may be created by one or more authors Over time that content may be edited One or more individuals may provide some editorial oversight thereby approving the content for publication Publishing may take many forms. Publishing may be the act of making the content accessible to all users, or granting digital access rights to certain content to a particular person or group of persons Later that content may be superseded by another form of content and thus retired or removed from use This is an example of a content lifecycle Slide 43 Content Content management is a collaborative process. It often consists of the following basic roles and responsibilities: Creator responsible for creating and editing content Editor responsible for tuning the content message and the style of delivery, including translation and localization Publisher responsible for releasing the content for use Administrator responsible for managing access permissions to folders and files, usually accomplished by assigning access rights to user groups or roles. Administrators may also assist and support users in various ways User/viewer the person who reads or otherwise takes in content after it is published or shared This process is governed by a set of rules, standards and workflows Slide 44 Content A content management system is a system of hardware and software that enables different people (technical and non-technical) to collaboratively create, edit, manage and publish (in a number of formats) a variety of content (text, graphics, video, documents), whilst being constrained by a set of rules, standards and workflows to ensure coherent, validated digital content Slide 45 Content Key features of a content management system include the following: Allows those without programming language knowledge to manage digital content Standard templates available for different content types (e.g. news, events, blogs) Able to tag and categorize content Able to track and manage multiple versions of a single instance of content Manages permissions for different users Controls workflow of different content Includes configurations for search engine optimization Provides data and access security Slide 46 Content Enterprise content management is the strategies, methods and tools used to capture, manage, store, preserve, and deliver content and documents related to organizational processes An umbrella term covering: Document management Web content management Search Collaboration Records management Digital asset management Workflow management Slide 47 Portal A web portal is a website that brings information from diverse sources in a unified way e-Governance portals are one of the most popular channel for offering government services online Portals designed around the needs of citizens or businesses are on the rise The goal of these portals is to provide one-stop shopping or single window for public information and services so that citizens, businesses and government employees no longer need to go to different ministries, departments or agencies to find information or complete a transaction e-Governance portals let governments reach out to the citizens around the globe and around the clock as an integrated and single entity Slide 48 Portal Management Front-end aspects are those functions and features that are visible to the users of the portal. They include: The design, organization, navigation, usability and findability of the portal The types and number of services offered The availability and accessibility, including access through multiple channels and access to all users, including poor, marginalized and disabled groups The increase of citizens use of the e-services through awareness and education campaigns The promotion of accountability and transparency The incorporation of security and privacy and the development of citizens trust in the use of e-services Slide 49 Portal Management The back-end involves the internal operations of a government that support core processes and are not accessible or visible to the general public. They include: Business process reengineering to analyse, streamline, consolidate and integrate the steps in a service Change management and motivating personnel Increasing the capacity of the ICT infrastructure to handle the information, services and traffic volumes, cope with a variety of channels and ensure the security of online transactions Defining the ICT architecture that includes development of policies, standards and guidelines for building the ICT infrastructure, including e-government interoperability framework and national enterprise architecture Defining the information architecture that includes a taxonomy, content workflow, and web design and web content guidelines Slide 50 Mobile Technology Geographic Information System Internet of Things Cloud Computing Free and Open Source Software Slide 51 Mobile Technology and m-Governance Wider reach Inclusive Demand for mobility Always carried, always on More personalization for target users Demand from citizens Slide 52 Three Forms of m-Governance Mobile tools can be used to supplement existing e- government applications based on traditional PCs, adding a new channel to reach citizens or manage processes of governance Second, mobile tools can expand the reach of conventional public services or government processes to citizens who are unserved or underserved Third, m-governance can use the introduction of mobile tools to innovate new ways for governments to interact with and involve constituents, creating new types of services and governance processes Slide 53 Examples of Mobile Use Receive notifications for: Emergencies Reminders, e.g. to renew licenses, hospital appointment News, events, updates Report complaints and crime Send query, e.g. nearest health centre, or request to send examination results Make payments Slide 54 Examples of Mobile Use Find contact information and location of various institutions Find information about ones locality, e.g. local attractions, landmarks, hotels, shops, restaurants Promote e-participation, e.g. e-voting Support internal government operations, e.g. collection of data from the field Government-wide initiatives (e.g. Afghanistan, India, Singapore, USA) Slide 55 Limitations of Mobile Devices Screen size Short messages Mobile WebMobile App Needs to be developed for each platform (iPhone, Blackberry, Android, Palm, etc.) Common platform. After app is downloaded. Every new release with bug fixes requires all existing users to upgrade. No need to upgrade, all users see the latest version. Able to achieve high performance through app code that runs locally on the device. Performance largely depends on how the mobile website is designed and bandwidth. Slide 56 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) GIS is a system of hardware and software used for storage, retrieval, mapping, and analysis of geographic data, including predictions and simulations GIS is used to: o Increase organizational efficiency o Support decision-making o Enhance service delivery o Monitor the environment o Engage with citizens o Promote transparency and accountability Slide 57 The Internet of Things The evolving nature of technology towards a future where everyday objects around us are all linked via a network (the Internet) The concept revolves around such objects all having IP addresses and the user being able to interact with these objects Such a network would depend, for example, on embedding sensors and RFID tags in objects around us and being able to access and interact with them for information and status updates Slide 58 Example: FireWatch Slide 59 Cloud Computing Applications and digital services that reside exclusively on the Internet, located on server systems A trend that has been growing with the development of broadband The data in a cloud is centrally hosted, managed, or stored in public or private repositories, or data centres Slide 60 Cloud Computing (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing) Slide 61 Cloud Computing Cost is claimed to be reduced. Computing becomes an operational expense, and not a capital one that can be modified as needs and circumstances change Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile phone). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere Virtualization technology allows servers and storage devices to be shared and utilization be increased. Applications can be easily migrated from one physical server to another Slide 62 Cloud Computing Multitenancy enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for: o Centralization of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.) o Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels) o Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 1020% utilized Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places Slide 63 Security and Privacy in CC Challenges Loss of control over sensitive data Data segregation over a wider area of greater number of devices Multi-tenancy Malicious insiders Slide 64 Free and Open Source Software Characteristics of FOSS Freedom to run the software Freedom to study and adapt the software Freedom to redistribute these software Freedom to improve the software and release the improvements for others to use Slide 65 Reasons for Using FOSS Affordable and high quality Builds capacity Bridges the digital divide Slide 66 FOSS Adoption by Governments Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, and Bulgaria, have mandated the use of FOSS Bahrain, China, Costa Rica, Malaysia, Philippines, and South Africa have a stated policy preference for FOSS Slide 67 Questions Do you think these technological trends are relevant to the Iraqi context? How is Iraq taking advantage of these technological trends? What do you think are the challenges that Iraq face in adopting the technologies mentioned? Slide 68 Slide 69 Summary Overall progress in e-governance Many countries have e-governance strategy in place Most countries have e-governance portal Some countries in the Arab region have made rapid progress in e-governance and there are a number of best practices within the region that Iraq can learn from Slide 70 Summary Barriers and challenges remain The digital divide impedes the uptake of e- governance Political, regulatory and budgetary constraints Lack of awareness and capacity Lack of motivation Slide 71 Summary To overcome some of the challenges, three global trends have been identified: o Countries are moving to an integrated unified whole- of-government model o Countries are paying closer attention to multichannel service delivery o Countries are engaging more closely with citizens Slide 72 Summary e-Governance portals are one of the most popular channel for offering government services online These portals aim to package and deliver content and services in ways that directly fit citizens or businesses needs These portals aim to provide one-stop shopping or single window for public information and services, anytime, and anywhere Slide 73 Summary There are a number of technological trends that have implications for the management of contents and portals o Mobile technology and the deployment of m- governance tools o Geographic information systems and sensor networks o Cloud computing o Free and open source software Slide 74 Summary Deployment of technologies should be done in the context of social and economic development goals and should support and enhance development outcomes Shifting to a more citizen-centric, interconnected whole-of-government approach will require collaboration and streamlining not only among governments but also with private sector and civil societies True transformation needs governments to pay close attention to re- engineering processes, reforming institutions, building capacity and creating an environment for greater accountability and transparency e-Governance standardization gives rise to positive outcomes such as interoperability, consistency, reusability and quality maintenance Content management and portal management needs to be take this broader context into consideration Slide 75 Exercise Because Iraq is considered one of the late adopters of e- governance, you have the advantage of learning from past lessons and failures and build upon and adapt the good practices from other countries Conduct an online research of e-governance in Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia or Dubai/UAE (select one country) Draw out the lessons learned and good practices for content management and portal management in Iraq Summarize findings on a flipchart for presentation in a plenary