Christina Luzier USFWS

Columbia River Fisheries Program Office – Vancouver, WA

Evaluate Habitat Use and Population Dynamics of

Lampreys in Cedar Creek

BPA - 200001400

Outline

I. Critical Uncertainties

II. Project History

III. Objectives

IV. Adaptive Changes

V. 2004 Updates

VI. Future of the Project

Critical Uncertainties• Lamprey Status:

Distribution/Abundance• Basic Biology/Ecology• Genetic Structure• Passage• Survival Estimates• Limiting Factors• Restoration Activities• Education and Outreach

Project Overview/History

• BPA Project # 200001400

• 4th year of project operations

• Lewis River Drainage, SW Washington

• Year-around field activity

• Staff: 3 FTE’s, fish biologists

Location Map

r

#S

Cedar Creek, WA.

N

5 km

Objectives1. Abundance and migration timing of adults

2. Larval distribution and habitat use

3. Outmigrant abundance and migration timing

4. Spawning habitat requirements

Objective 1AdultsPacific (PCL)

• Migration timing, biology and behavior, population estimates

Method:• Adult Pot traps and Adult Fish Ladder• Length, weight, sex, spawning condition• PIT tag, fin clip (for 2nd mark and genetics) • Mark-recapture for population estimates

Capturing Adults

Adult Ladder Pot Trap

Objective 1 Results

• Population estimates• 2001 – 87; 2002 – 700; 2003 – 693

• Migration timing: potentially two migration periods early summer/fall

Year # Captured # Recaptured Efficiency %2001 31 11 35

2002 61 5 8

2003 156 43 28

PCL

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Capture Date

Da

ily P

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ion 2001

2002

2003

2001–2003 Adult PCL

Movement

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Capture Date

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mu

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2001

2002

2003

2002 Adult PCL Movement

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1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1

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Objective 1

Challenges

– Population Estimation• Location of marking

• Capture method efficiency

• Poor recapture efficiency

• PIT retention rates

• Equal capture of marked v. unmarked

– Escapement• Incomplete coverage of nest counts

Objective 1

Changes

33 38

230

52

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150

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250

Trap Lineat Mouth

Grist MillPots

LadderPots

Ladder ScrewTrap

Pop EstimatesEscapement

Objective 2

• Larval lamprey distribution and habitat use

• Method: Stratified systematic point sampling technique

• Electrofishing

–70% depletion

• Habitat

Transect 1

Transect 6

Transect 5

Transect 4

Transect 3

Transect 2

Water F

lo w

10 m

= Sample Points

Sample Site Diagram

Objective 2 Results

• Fish in relation to their habitat

• Stone and Barndt 2004 (J. Freshwat. Ecol.)

– Highly aggregated, non-random

– Negative relationship with water velocity

– Positive relationship with clay, silt, sand

– Backwater, depositional, side channel areas

Year # Reaches # Fish % Quads w/Fish Avg. Density2001 9 55 12 42002 9 77 32 3

Objective 2Challenges– Low number of successes at sample

points, i.e. lots of zeroes– Concerns about gear efficiency– Catchability concerns in presence areasChanges– Plans to develop sampling design to

address low success rate (adaptive cluster method, etc.)

– Continuation of gear efficiency work including lower densities and probability of capture

Gear Efficiency

Challenges:Ability to get sufficient test fish for trialsSubstrate sterility and validation: time

consumingGear Efficiency Trials Cedar Creek 2004

<60 mm Ammocoetes Only

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0 20 40 60 80Actual

Pre

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Depletion model

Regression correction

Perfect world

Gear Efficiency Preliminary Results

Objective 3

• Outmigrant abundance and migration timing

• Method:• 5’ screw trap, 4 km upstream of mouth• Length, weight, stage• Tag and release• Trap efficiency• Trap retention

Objective 3 Results

Year Species Stage Total Captured Efficiency % Retention %2001 PCL Ammocoete 330 11

Macropthalmia 246 21WBL Ammocoete 5

Adult 172002 PCL Ammocoete 240 14 51

Macropthalmia 76 10 64WBL Ammocoete 1

Adult 12003 PCL Ammocoete 518 2 45

Macropthalmia 460 9 74WBL Ammocoete 7

Adult 18

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Capture Date

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2002

2003

Ammocoete Movement

2001 - 2003

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Capture Date

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2001

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2001-2003 Macropthalmia

Movement

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Capture Date

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2003

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Capture Date

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2001

2002

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2003 Am and Mac Movement

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2003 Am

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Discharge

Objective 3Challenges

–Screwtrap upstream from majority of CDC productivity(172 nests downstream!)

–consistent effort with high flow without compromising safety

Changes–Section 10

permit to move screw trap to mouth of CDC

–Safety–Consistent effort–Improve

migration timing estimates and mark/recapture

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Index 1 Index 2

Index 3

Index 4

Index 5

Index 6

Index 7

Objective 4

• Evaluate spawning habitat requirements of adult lampreys

Method: Spawning ground

surveys throughout Cedar and

Chelatchie Creeks

Pacific Lamprey Nest

Dimensions

Substrate

Habitat type

Flow

#/sex

Eggs present

Nest longevity

Objective 4 Results

• PCL Nests2001 - 20; 2002 – 124; 2003 – 109

• Habitat types: Pool tail outs, runs, low gradient riffles with large gravel

• Appearance: Round depression, 21-23 in (53-58 cm) in diameter, substrate stacked around perimeter

• Flow: 2-3 ft/sec

Objective 4 Results

• WBL Nests

2001 – 24; 2002 – 13; 2003 – 22

• Habitat types: Pool tail outs, low gradient runs with small gravel

• Appearance: small gravel, 4-14 in. diameter (cattle hoof print)

• Flow: 1.3 ft/sec

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2002

2003

PCL Nest Construction/Digging

PCL Adult Video

Objective 3

• Challenges– Moving beyond Phase 1: Collection of

descriptive nest data– Phase 2: Development of predictive

model of spawning habitat• Changes

– Improved sampling design for use and non-use data

– Use vs. non-use habitat characteristics

PCL–273 use/108 non-use; WBL–27 use/16 non-use

• Continue with four Objectives• Improving adult abundance estimation• Continuing work on Gear Efficiency and

larval depletion models• Logistical analysis of screw trap move • Predictive modeling of spawning habitat

• Juvenile spatial distribution within substrate• Recruitment in Rosgen side-channels • Population genetics

Current Work

Future Work

http://columbiariver.fws.gov

Acknowledgments

BPA Howard Schaller

CRFPO Jen StoneSam LohrBao Le Greg Silver

WBL Double Feature