christians in the 3rd-4th century & constantine
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Christians in the 3rd-4th Century & Constantine. Group 9. 97322004 Tiffany 96121345 Natalia 94121231 Clare 96121357 Judy 96121353 Tanya 96121134 Bonnie. Christianity. Early Christianity. Early Christian beliefs and creeds Post-Apostolic Church Persecutions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Christians in the 3rd-4th Christians in the 3rd-4th Century & ConstantineCentury & Constantine
97322004 Tiffany 96121345 Natalia94121231 Clare 96121357 Judy96121353 Tanya 96121134 Bonnie
Group 9
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ChristianityChristianity
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Early ChristianityEarly Christianity
Early Christian beliefs and creeds
Post-Apostolic Church
Persecutions
Structure and the episcopacy
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A widespread church: 3rd A widespread church: 3rd century ADcentury AD
By the mid-3rd century there are about 100 bishops spread throughout Italy, each in his own see. The most important see is Rome, for which precise figures survive.
In the year 251 the church in Rome has on its books the bishop (in other words the pope), 46 priests, 7 deacons, 7 subdeacons, 42 acolytes, 52 exorcists, readers and doorkeepers, and the very large number of 1500 widows and paupers being 'fed by the grace and kindness of the Lord'.
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A widespread church: 3rd A widespread church: 3rd century ADcentury AD
Carthage
Cyprian
Alexandria
Origen
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A widespread church: 3rd A widespread church: 3rd century ADcentury AD
In Europe, Lyons is a major centre from early times. The Christians of Lyons feature in history sooner than most because they are savagely persecuted (the precise reason is not clear) in 177 by Marcus Aurelius, who orders them to be tortured to death.
Even Britain, further removed from both the Christian and imperial centres of power, is becoming organized by the middle of the 3rd century. When a council at Arles is called, in 314, three British bishops attend - one from London, another from York, and the third either from Colchester or Lincoln.
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Christian murals: 3rd century ADChristian murals: 3rd century AD
By the 3rd century the Christians are also leaving extensive physical evidence, not only of their presence but also of their ideas and practices. One example is in the eastern extremity of the empire, at Doura-Europos. Here there has been unearthed the earliest known house adapted for Christian worship.
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Doura EuroposDoura Europos
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The building, a simple one from the 1st century AD, is adapted for Christian use in 232. Only fragments of the murals survive, but they include such Gospel images as Christ carrying a sheep (the Good Shepherd), the paralytic taking up his bed and walking, and St Peter walking on the water of the Sea of Galilee.
Christian murals: 3rd century ADChristian murals: 3rd century AD
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Rome, Catacombs of Priscilla – Rome, Catacombs of Priscilla – The Good ShepherdThe Good Shepherd
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Christian murals: 3rd century ADChristian murals: 3rd century AD
More detailed evidence of Christian ritual survives in Rome's famous catacombs. These are underground burial chambers, used by members of the various communities of the capital - pagan Romans as well as Jews and Christians.
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Rome's famous catacombsRome's famous catacombs
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Christian murals: 3rd century ADChristian murals: 3rd century AD
In the first half of the 3rd century the Christians decorate the walls of their tomb chambers with New Testament scenes and with depictions of the Eucharist, the ritual communal meal at the centre of the faith. Members of the Christian community are shown sitting round a table together to break bread, and to share their food and drink, much like later Christian representations of the Last Supper.
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Rome, Catacombs of Priscilla – Our Rome, Catacombs of Priscilla – Our Lady with the ProphetLady with the Prophet
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A Legal Religion in the A Legal Religion in the 4th4th
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IntroductionIntroduction
History of late ancient ChristianityStopped persecutions Spread of ChristianityEcumenical CouncilsConstantine the Great
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History of late History of late ancient Christianityancient Christianity
Time: Christianity under Emperor Constantine (313) until the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (476)dominated by Constantine the Greatestablish a unified Christendom
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Christian persecutions Christian persecutions come to an endcome to an end
Galerius (206 – 311) - He was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311 - Issued an edict permitting the practice of the Christian religion under his ruleConstantine the Great proclaimed the Edict of Milan, Christianity was officially recognized as a legal religion within the Roman Empire.
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Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity
Spread of Christianity to AD 325 (4th) Spread of Christianity to AD 600 (7th)
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Ecumenical Councils in Ecumenical Councils in 4th4th
* Definition : these large meetings of bishops.
* Background :1.Christianity became a legal religion.(A.D.312)2. The bishops of the Christian communities
throughout the Mediterranean world could more easily meet to discuss important issues.
※ 4th-First Ecumenical Council、 Second Ecumenical Council
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First First Ecumenical CouncilEcumenical Council-- Nicaea I-- Nicaea I
Location
Nicaea
Year A.D. 325Pope St. Sylvester I, 314 - 335
Emperor
Constantine I, The Great, Western Roman Emperor 306-337; Sole Emperor 324 - 337
※Content:
1.The Nicene Creed was approved, the date of Easter was fixed, and the Arian heresy was condemned.
2.The contents of holy scripture were decided.
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SecondSecond Ecumenical Council Ecumenical Council Location
Constantinople (near Bosporus, a strait in today's Turkey)
Year
A.D. 381
Pope
St. Damasus I, 367 - 384
Emperor
Theodosius I, the Great, 379 - 395 ※Content:1.The Nicene Creed was reaffirmed and expanded, with the clauses referring to the Holy Spirit added.
2.The heresies of Macedonianism and Apollinarianism were condemned.
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Constantine the Great, Constantine the Great, c.274-337c.274-337
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Constantine the Great, Constantine the Great, c.274-337c.274-337
Constantinus Chlorus, the western emperor, dying in 306
A war between Constantine and MaxentiusA vision having assured Constantine that he
should conquer in the sign of the Christ, and he won.
First Christian Emperor
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ConstantineConstantine and Christianity and Christianity PoliciesEdict of MilanFinancial support for building churchPrivileges of clergyForbiddance for owning Christian slaves
About Constantine’s policiesAbout Constantine’s baptism
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~ Thank You ~~ Thank You ~