christianity - joe mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/phl242/christianity for phl 242.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Christianity
1
![Page 2: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Some Facts
• Largest religion in the world today
• About 2 Billion adherents
• In just about all the countries of the world
2
![Page 3: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Major Denominations
• Catholic • Eastern Orthodox
• Protestant
3
![Page 4: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Branch Adherents
• Catholic 968,000,000
• Protestant 395,867,000
• Other Christians 275,583,000
• Orthodox 217,948,000
Anglicans 70,530,000
4
![Page 5: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction
• It has dominated western culture for centuries and remains the majority religion
of Europe and the Americas.
• Christian belief centers on the life of Jesus of Nazareth,
• a Jewish teacher and healer of first-century Palestine.
5
![Page 6: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• The primary source of information about the life of Jesus is the set of "Gospels,"
• Gospels = “Good News”
• which were written between 20 and 60 years
after Jesus' death
• and later became the first four books of the New Testament.
6
![Page 7: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• The Gospels describe
• the 3 year teaching and healing ministry of Jesus
• 12 disciples and other followers who believed
him to be the Messiah.
• "Christ," = “Anointed” • Greek word for "Messiah."
7
![Page 8: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Jesus' teachings focused on the themes of:
• The Kingdom of God • The love of God
• The love of Neighbors.
8
![Page 9: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
History of Christianity
9
![Page 10: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Christian history begins with Jesus of Nazareth,
• a Jew who was born in a small corner of the Roman Empire.
• Bethlehem
10
![Page 11: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Little is known of his early life, but around the age of 30,
• Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist
• According to the New Testament
• God blessed Jesus
11
![Page 12: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• After this event,
• he began a 3-year ministry of
• teaching, • healing,
• miracle-working.
12
![Page 13: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
![Page 14: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
![Page 15: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
![Page 16: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Jesus as Messiah
• Many thought Jesus was the • Long awaited Messiah
16
![Page 17: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• After 3 years political and religious opposition mounted against Jesus,
• and he was ultimately executed by crucifixion by the Romans.
• Most of Jesus' followers scattered • dismayed at such an unexpected outcome.
17
![Page 18: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• But 3 days later,
• women who went to anoint his body reported that the tomb was empty
• and an angel told them Jesus had risen from the dead.
18
![Page 19: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• The disciples were initially skeptical,
• but later came to believe in his resurrection.
19
![Page 20: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Resurrection Appearances
• His followers reported that Jesus appeared to them on several occasions
• Once before +500
• and then ascended into heaven before their
eyes.
20
![Page 21: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• The remainder of the first century AD the number of Jesus' followers grew rapidly
• Called "Christians”
21
![Page 22: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul,
• a zealous Jew who had persecuted Christians,
• then converted to the faith after experiencing a vision of the risen Jesus.
22
![Page 23: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Taking advantage of the extensive system of Roman roads and the time of peace,
• Paul went on numerous missionary journeys
throughout the Roman Empire.
23
![Page 24: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
![Page 25: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• He started churches, then wrote letters back to them to offer further counsel and
encouragement.
• Many of these letters would become part of the Christian scriptures,
• the “New Testament."
25
![Page 26: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• In the second and third centuries AD,
• Christians struggled with persecutions from outside the church
• And doctrinal debates from within the
church.
26
![Page 27: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Christian leaders, who are now called the "church fathers,"
• wrote defenses of the false claims made against Christians (apologetics)
• as well as arguments against false teachings spreading within the church (polemics).
27
![Page 28: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Doctrines were explored, developed, and solidified, the canon of the New Testament
was formed,
• and the notion of "apostolic succession" established a system of authority to guard against wrong interpretations of Christian
teachings.
28
![Page 29: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• A major turning point in Christian history came in 312 AD,
• when the Roman Emperor Constantine
converted to Christianity
29
![Page 30: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• The Christian religion became legal,
• persecution ceased,
• and thousands of pagans now found it convenient to convert to the emperor's faith.
30
![Page 31: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Allied with the Roman Empire,
• Christianity gradually rose in power and hierarchy until it became the "Christendom"
• that would encompass the entire western
world in the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
31
![Page 32: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Emperor Constantine hoped Christianity would be the uniting force of his empire,
• so he was distressed to hear of a dispute over
Arianism,
• which held that Christ was more than a man but less than God himself.
32
![Page 33: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Council of Nicaea
• In 325 AD, Constantine called the Council of Nicaea so that the bishops could work out
their differences.
• They condemned Arius and Arianism and declared the Son (Christ) to be of "one
substance" with the Father.
33
![Page 34: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Council of Chalcedon
• 451 AD
• Christ was fully human and fully divine
34
![Page 35: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• In the meantime,
• the considerable religious, cultural, and political differences between
• the Eastern and Western churches
were becoming increasingly apparent.
35
![Page 36: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Religiously,
• the two parts of Christendom had different views on topics such as
• the use of icons,
• the nature of the Holy Spirit,
• and the date on which Easter should be celebrated.
36
![Page 37: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• Culturally,
• the Greek East has always tended to be more philosophical and abstract in its thinking,
• while the Latin West tended toward a more pragmatic and legal-minded approach.
37
![Page 38: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• The political aspects of the split began with the Emperor Constantine,
• who moved the capital of the Roman Empire
from Rome to Constantinople
• (in modern Turkey).
38
![Page 39: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• Upon his death, the empire was divided between his two sons,
• one of whom ruled the western half of the empire from Rome
• while the other ruled the eastern region from Constantinople.
39
![Page 40: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• These various factors finally came to a head in 1054 AD,
• when Pope Leo IX excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople,
• the leader of the Eastern church.
40
![Page 41: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• The Patriarch condemned the Pope in return,
• and the Christian church has been officially divided into
• West (“Roman Catholic")
• and East (“Greek / Eastern Orthodox")
• ever since.
41
![Page 42: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• In the 1400s,
• some western Christians began to publicly challenge aspects of the church.
• They spoke against the abuse of authority
and corruption in Christian leadership.
42
![Page 43: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
• They began to translate the Bible
then available only in Latin
• into the common languages of the people.
43
![Page 44: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• However,
• these early reformers did not have widespread success,
• and most were executed for their teachings.
44
![Page 45: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• In 1517,
• a German monk named Martin Luther
• posted 97 complaints against the practice of selling indulgences on a church door.
45
![Page 46: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• He had experienced a personal conversion to the doctrine of justification by faith alone,
• and also shared many of the ideas of those
early reformers.
46
![Page 47: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Growing German nationalism and the invention of the printing press ensured that
• Luther would have greater protection than
his predecessors
• and his teachings would be spread quickly.
47
![Page 48: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• He was excommunicated and barely escaped with his life on more than one occasion,
• but Luther lived out his life spreading the
Reformation,
• and died a natural death.
48
![Page 49: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• His ideas had already spread throughout Germany,
• and similar reforming movements sprung up
in England and Switzerland.
49
![Page 50: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
• Soon much of Europe was embroiled in a civil war,
• with Protestant nationalists fighting Catholic
imperialists for religious and political freedom.
50
![Page 51: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• In the 17th century,
• Christians of many ideologies embarked on the hazardous journey across the Atlantic,
• to the promise of religious freedom and
economic prosperity in the New World.
51
![Page 52: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Quakers came to Pennsylvania,
• Catholics to Maryland,
• and Dutch Reformed to New York.
• Later came Swedish Lutherans and French Huguenots, English Baptists and Scottish
Presbyterians.
52
![Page 53: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• With the exception of some Puritan communities,
• there was no attempt to impose religious
uniformity in America.
53
![Page 54: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
• The period from about 1648 to 1800 was an age in which reason
• (as opposed to revelation and dogma)
• became increasingly important,
• but so did religious revival.
54
![Page 55: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
• At the same time that religious skepticism and toleration were growing in the west,
• so too were revival movements that sought
to return to masses to genuine faith in Christ and the gospel of salvation.
55
![Page 56: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
• George Whitefield arrived in the colonies from England in 1739,
• and experienced wide success with his revival
sermons.
56
![Page 57: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• Jonathan Edwards was famous for his fiery sermons in which he described in detail
• the torments of those who do not have
personal faith in Jesus Christ.
57
![Page 58: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
• John Wesley was revivalist preacher and a personal friend of Whitefield,
• but he differed strongly from his Presbyterian
friend on the doctrine of predestination.
58
![Page 59: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
• Wesley founded a small group of preachers and bible students,
• who focused on holy living and came to be
called the "Methodists."
59
![Page 60: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
• Today, Christianity is the largest world religion, with about 2 billion adherents.
• It is the majority religion of Europe and the
Americas,
• and there are churches in almost every nation in the world.
60
![Page 61: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
• There are perhaps thousands of Christian denominations,
• all of whom believe in the basic doctrines
established at the Council of Nicaea
• but differ in other matters of doctrine and practice.
61
![Page 62: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
• In recent years,
• there has been a growing movement among these denominations to work together in
unity for the good of the world.
• In 1948, the World Council of Churches was founded to that end.
62
![Page 63: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Christian beliefs
63
![Page 64: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The Nature of God
• The Trinity
64
![Page 65: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• Christian monotheism is a unique kind of monotheism.
• It holds that God is One, but that three distinct "persons" constitute the one God:
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
• This unique threefold God of Christian belief is referred to as the Trinity
• (from Latin trinitas, "three").
65
![Page 66: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
The 1st Council of Nicaea
• The First Council of Nicaea is commonly regarded to have been the first Ecumenical
Council of the Christian Church.
• Most significantly, it resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine,
• called the Nicaea Creed.
66
![Page 67: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
The Nicene Creed
• 325 A.D.
67
![Page 68: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
• We believe in one God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
• And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds, God of God, Light of Light, Very God of Very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father by whom all things were made; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary, and was made man, and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried, and the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. And he shall come again with glory to judge both the quick and the dead, whose kingdom shall have no end.
• And we believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of Life, who proceedeth from the Father and the son who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spoke by the prophets. And we believe one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins. And we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
68
![Page 69: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The Nature of Christ
• Christians believe that Jesus Christ was
• Fully Divine (God)
• And
• Fully Human
69
![Page 70: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
• The Council of Chalcedon is considered the Fourth Council.
• It was held from 8 October to 1 November 451 at Chalcedon
• Today the city is a part of the city of Istanbul.
70
![Page 71: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
• The Confession of Chalcedon provides a clear statement on the human and divine nature of
Christ:
• “to be acknowledged in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division,
without separation;
71
![Page 72: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
The Holy Spirit
• Christians believe that the Holy Spirit is also God
72
![Page 73: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
• In Christian theology, the Holy Spirit is the Third Person of the Trinity,
• co-equal with the Father and the Son as a part of the Godhead.
73
![Page 74: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
• Being personal like the other members of the Trinity,
• the Spirit is referred to as a "he,"
• not an "it."
74
![Page 75: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
The Council of Constantinople
• 381 A.D.
75
![Page 76: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
• The council affirmed the original Nicene Creed of faith as true and an accurate
explanation of Scripture
• but expanded the discussion on the Holy Spirit
76
![Page 77: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
• About the Holy Spirit the article of faith said he is "the Lord, the Giver of Life,
• Who proceeds from the Father,
• With the Father and the Son he is
worshipped and glorified".
77
![Page 78: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
• The statement of proceeding from the Father is seen as significant because
• it established that the Holy Spirit must be of
the same being as God the Father. 78
![Page 79: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
• This Council's decision regarding the Holy Spirit
• also gave official endorsement to the concept
of the Trinity.
79
![Page 80: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Afterlife
• Believers enjoy the presence of God for eternity
• They are also with other believers
• No more suffering, sin, or death
80
![Page 81: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Hell
• According to a recent Gallup Pool, • 70% of Americans believe in hell.
• Belief in hell is highest among regular churchgoers:
81
![Page 82: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
• In Christian theology,
• hell is the place or state into which unrepentant sinners go after this life.
• Hell is generally thought to be eternal,
• and to include both punishment and separation from God.
82
![Page 83: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Salvation
• How does one get to Heaven?
• How does one receive Eternal Life?
83
![Page 84: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Romans 6:23
• 23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.
84
![Page 85: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
What is Sin?
• Any violation or breaking of the laws of God
85
![Page 86: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Original Sin
• Adam was the Federal Head of Humanity
• Because he sinned, all of his progeny are born into this world with a sin nature and therefore spiritually separated from God
• That’s why we must be “born again” (from above)
86
![Page 87: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
What is Death ?
• Death means separation
• When we die we our spirits are separated from our bodies
• When we sin
• We are separated from God
87
![Page 88: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
3 Kinds of Death
• Physical Death • Spiritual Death • Eternal Death
88
![Page 89: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
• So it is our sins that separate us from God
• If we are to have a relationship with God then our sins must be
• Removed • Paid for
• Atoned for
89
![Page 90: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Ephesians 2:8-9
• 8 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith-- and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God-- 9 not by works, so that
no one can boast.
90
![Page 91: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Grace
• Unmerited favor
• We receive something we do not deserve
91
![Page 92: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
• Because we are all sinful
• Either because of original sin
• Or our own sinfulness
• We cannot save ourselves
92
![Page 93: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
• God must intervene
• God must help us
• God must save us
93
![Page 94: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
• But if God is just and righteous
• He cannot just forget about our sins
94
![Page 95: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Jesus Christ’s Sacrificial Death
• So God sent his one and only Son to live a perfect life
• Jesus never sinned
• And so when he went to the cross
• God was punishing him for our sins
95
![Page 96: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
The Gift of God
• When we accept Jesus Christ as our Lord and Savior
• We are allowing Jesus to take the
punishment for our sins
96
![Page 97: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Ephesians 1:13-14
• Having believed, you were marked in him with a seal, the promised Holy Spirit, 14 who
is a deposit guaranteeing our inheritance until the redemption of those who are God's
possession-- to the praise of his glory.
97
![Page 98: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
• When we believe in Christ
• God the Holy Spirit comes to live inside of us to help us live a life pleasing to God
98
![Page 99: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Adopted Children of God
• Ephesians 1:4-6 • 4 For he chose us in him before the creation
of the world to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love 5 he predestined us to be
adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will-- 6 to
the praise of his glorious grace, which he has freely given us in the One he loves.
99
![Page 100: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
• When accept Jesus Christ as our Lord and Savior we become the adopted children of
God
• Members of God’s family
100
![Page 101: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Sacred Texts
• The primary sacred text of Christianity is the Bible.
• Its name is derived from the Latin word
biblia, which simply means "books."
101
![Page 102: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
• The Christian Bible is made of two parts:
• The Old Testament • The New Testament
102
![Page 103: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Date of Bible as Canon
103
![Page 104: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Old Testament
• The Old Testament was fixed by the about 400 B.C.
• Largely as a result of the work of Ezra and
Nehemiah • and a council of Jews known as the Great Synagogue, which met after the return from
the Babylonian captivity.
104
![Page 105: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
New Testament
• In the case of the New Testament the fixing of the Canon was done mainly at the council
at Carthage in 387 A.D.,
• although the evidence points to the selection of the books as early as about the year 100
A.D.
105
![Page 106: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Apocrypha
• Catholic and Orthodox Bibles include the Apocrypha, while most Protestant Bibles do
not.
• The Apocrypha ("hidden books") is a group of 13 Jewish books written between the Old
Testament and the New Testament.
106
![Page 107: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
How were the Books Selected
• 1. Apostolic Authorship
• 2. Authoritative in Church
• 3. Inspired by God
107
![Page 108: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Books of the New Testament
108
![Page 109: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Gospels
Matthew Mark Luke John
109
![Page 110: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
• The Gospels are accounts of Jesus' life that were written with a devotional and
evangelical purpose.
• Matthew, Mark and Luke (the Synoptic Gospels) share much of the same material,
and a variety of theories have been suggested to account for this.
110
![Page 111: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
• John is markedly different from the other three gospels, and was probably written the
latest of the three.
111
![Page 112: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Acts
• The Acts of the Apostles is an invaluable record of the growth and development of the
Christian church after the life of Christ.
112
![Page 113: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
• Written by Luke as a companion volume to his gospel, Acts begins with:
• Jesus' ascension into heaven,
• then recounts such events as the coming of
the Holy Spirit at Pentecost,
113
![Page 114: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
• Paul's persecution of Christians and his subsequent conversion,
• the death of the first Christian martyr,
• Paul's many missionary journeys throughout the Roman Empire,
• the preaching of Peter, the resolution of conflicts,
• and much more. 114
![Page 115: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
The Pauline Epistles
• The Apostle Paul authored a majority of the books of the New Testament.
• The Pauline Epistles were written to churches
that he had visited or was planning to visit, encouraging them in their struggles and instructing them in doctrinal and moral
matters.
115
![Page 116: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Pauline Epistles
Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews
116
![Page 117: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
The General Epistles
• The General Epistles are so-called because they are directed to general audiences and
not to a particular person or church.
117
![Page 118: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
The General Epistles
James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude
118
![Page 119: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Revelation
• The Book of Revelation is an apocalyptic work in the tradition of the Old Testament
book of Daniel.
119
![Page 120: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Revelation
• Addressed to seven specific churches and filled with rich symbolism,
• Revelation's prophecies have been variously
interepreted as referring to events that had already occured or to events that have yet to occur and will usher in the end of the world.
120
![Page 121: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Christian Ethics
• The 10 Commandments
• Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount
121
![Page 122: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
The Ten Commandments
122
![Page 123: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
123
1st Commandment
• No other Gods
• Exodus 20:3
• "You shall have no other gods before me.”
![Page 124: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
124
“Before me”
• Means no other gods “in my presence”
How far does God’s presence extend?
The entire universe
![Page 125: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
125
• Prohibition against worshipping other gods
![Page 126: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
126
Why can’t we worship other gods?
• Because God is jealous
• Exclusivity
• We owe God our complete love and devotion
![Page 127: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
127
2nd Commandment
No Idols
Exodus 20:4
• "You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the
earth beneath or in the waters below.
![Page 128: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
128
What is an idol?
• Technical sense:
Any image of God
![Page 129: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
129
God is Spirit
• God is Spiritual
• God cannot be visualized
• Anything made that is said to represent God is an idol
![Page 130: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
130
3rd Commandment
• Do not take the Lord’s name in vain
• Exodus 20:7
• "You shall not misuse the name of the LORD your God, for the LORD will not hold anyone
guiltless who misuses his name.
![Page 131: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
131
The Lord’s Name
• Represents the person of God
• To take that in vain is to disrespect God Himself
![Page 132: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
132
4th Commandment
• No work on Sabbath Day
• Exodus 20:8-10
• Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your
work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God.
![Page 133: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
133
Sabbath Day Rest
• To Rest
• To become revitalized
• To worship God
![Page 134: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
134
5th Commandment
• Honor your Mother and Father
• Exodus 20:12
• "Honor your father and your mother, so that you may live long in the land the LORD your
God is giving you.
![Page 135: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
135
Respect
• We must respect God
• We must respect our mother and father
• We must respect our elders
• Respect those who are older and wiser than we are
![Page 136: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
136
6th Commandment
• No Murder
• Exodus 20:13
• You shall not murder.
![Page 137: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
137
Murder v. Killing
• There are times when killing is acceptable
• Self-Defense • War
• Protection of the innocent
![Page 138: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
138
Murder is never Allowed
• Premeditated killing for revenge
![Page 139: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
139
7th Commandment
• No Adultery
• Exodus 20:14
• You shall not commit adultery.
![Page 140: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
140
Family Basis for Society
• The husband-wife relationship is sacred before God
• Nothing is to come between them
• The destruction of the family is the
destruction of society
![Page 141: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
141
Marriage is Gift from God
• Marriage was God’s gift for experiencing the deepest relationship of humanity
• Any sexual activity outside of marriage is an
attempt to enjoy the pleasure of sexual activity without the responsibility of
marriage
![Page 142: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
142
8th Commandment
• Don’t Steal
• Exodus 20:15
• You shall not steal.
![Page 143: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
143
Protection of Private Property
• We are not allowed to take what we do not own
![Page 144: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
144
Why Steal?
• We do not trust in God to provide for our needs
• We develop illegitimate desires
![Page 145: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
145
9th Commandment
• Don’t bear false witness
• Exodus 20:16
• You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
![Page 146: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
146
Old Testament Court
• Two witness were required to convict a person of a capital offense in the O.T.
• If you lied in court, someone could literally be
put to death because of it
![Page 147: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
147
10th Commandment
• No Coveting
• Exodus 20:17
• You shall not covet your neighbor's house. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or
his manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your
neighbor.
![Page 148: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
148
Coveting
• The intense desire to have that which someone else possess
![Page 149: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
149
Basis for Command
• The value of contentment
• Trust in God
• If we desire that which we do not have, we do not trust God to fulfill our needs
![Page 150: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Expanded the Law
• Jesus expanded the literal interpretation of the Law (Pharisees)
• To include the spiritual aspects of the Law
150
![Page 151: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Anger is Murder
• Matthew 5:21-22 • 21 "You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, 'Do not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.' 22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with
his brother will be subject to judgment.
151
![Page 152: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
Lust is Adultery
• Matthew 5:27-28 • 27 "You have heard that it was said, 'Do not
commit adultery.' 28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his
heart.
152
![Page 153: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Love Your Enemy
• Matthew 5:43-45 • 43 "You have heard that it was said, 'Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' 44 But I
tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, 45 that you may be
sons of your Father in heaven.
153
![Page 154: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Forgive Others
• Colossians 3:13 • 13 Bear with each other and forgive whatever
grievances you may have against one another. Forgive as the Lord forgave you.
154
![Page 155: Christianity - Joe Mixiejoemixie.com/college pdfs/PHL242/Christianity for PHL 242.pdf · Instrumental in the spread of Christianity was a man named Paul, • a zealous Jew who had](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062918/5ede9b96ad6a402d6669ef60/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Golden Rule
• Matthew 7:12 • 12 So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up
the Law and the Prophets.
155