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  • 7/29/2019 Christian Humanism - Wikipedia

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    Christian humanism 1

    Christian humanism

    Part of a Philosophy series on

    Humanism

    Happy Human

    Outline of humanism

    List of humanists

    History

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    Organizations

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    Ethical Union (IHEU)

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    Related articles

    Ethical culture

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    Cosmic humanism

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    Philosophy portal

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antihumanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Posthumanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Personismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transhumanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integral_humanism_%28Hindu_nationalism%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rationalist_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neohumanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existential_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unitarian_Universalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marxist_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethical_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistischer_Verband_Deutschlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Secular_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Humanist_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Humanist_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amsterdam_Declarationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Secular_Humanist_Declarationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_for_Secular_Humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secular_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanist_Manifestohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanism_in_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanism_in_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renaissance_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_humanistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Happy_Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:HumanismSymbol.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Philosophy
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    Christian humanism 2

    Christian humanism emphasizes the humanity of Jesus, his social teachings and his propensity to synthesize human

    spirituality and materialism. It regards humanist principles like universal human dignity and individual freedom and

    the primacy of human happiness as essential and principal components of, or at least compatible with, the teachings

    of Jesus. Christian humanism can be perceived as a philosophical union of Judeo-Christian ethics and humanist

    principles.[1]

    Origins

    Christian humanism has its roots in the traditional teaching that humans are made in the image of God, or in Latin

    the Imago Dei, which enhances individual worth and personal dignity. This found strong biblical expression in the

    Judeo-Christian attention to righteousness and social justice. Its linkage to more secular philosophical humanism can

    be traced to the 2nd-century, writings of Justin Martyr, an early theologian-apologist of the early Christian Church.

    While far from radical, Justin suggested a value in the achievements of classical culture in his Apology.[2]

    Influential

    letters by Cappadocian Fathers, namely Basil of Caesarea and Gregory of Nyssa, confirmed the commitment to using

    preexisting secular knowledge, particularly as it touched the material world.

    Early Middle Ages

    After the fall of the Roman Empire and the civilization of barbarians, there were thoughts of a more Christianized

    humanity for society. Western Christian clerics controlled education, since only the monasteries remained as seats of

    learning. Charlemagne requested that scholars set up places of learning that would become universities in the 12th

    century. Eastern Christians meanwhile continued the late Antique practice of studying in the homes of secular

    masters, studying the same curriculum of "classical" Greek authors as their predecessors in the Roman period:

    Homer's Iliad, Plato's dialogues, Aristotle's Categories, Demosthenes' speeches, Galen, Dioscurides, Strabo and

    others. Christian education in the East largely was relegated to learning to read the Bible at the knees of one's parents

    and the rudiments of grammar in the letters of Basil or the homilies of Gregory Nazianzus.

    High Middle Ages

    Formal aspects of Greek philosophy, namely syllogistic reasoning, arose in both the Byzantine Empire and Western

    European circles in the 11th century to inform the process of theology. However, the Byzantine hierarchy during the

    reign of Alexios I Komnenos (10811118) convicted several thinkers of applying "human" logic to "divine" matters.

    Peter Abelard's work encountered similar ecclesiastical resistance in the West in the same period. Nonetheless,

    Western universities including Padua and Bologna, Paris and Oxford resulted from the so-called Gregorian Reform,

    which encouraged a new kind of cleric clustered around cathedrals, the secular canon. The cathedral schools meant

    to train clerics for the growing clerical bureaucracy soon served as training grounds for talented young men to train

    in medicine, law, and the liberal arts of the quadrivium and trivium, in addition to Christian theology. Classical Latin

    texts and translations of Greek texts served as the basis of non-theological education. A primitive humanism actually

    started when the papacy began protecting the Northern Cluniacs and Cistercians and the Church formed a unifying

    bond. Monks and friars went on crusades and St. Bernard counseled kings. Priests were frequently Lord Chancellors

    in England and in France. Christian views became present in all aspects of society. There was a stressed importance

    that one must serve God and others. Furthermore, there was a view of human nature that was both hopeful and

    Christian. All offices, civil, and academic works had religious elements. In addition, religion influenced medicine

    with the Good Samaritan of the Gospels and St. Luke. The idea of free people under God came from this time and

    spread from the West to other areas of the world.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cistercianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luke_the_Evangelisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luke_the_Evangelisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cistercianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triviumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quadriviumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secular_canonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregorian_Reformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Abelardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexios_I_Komnenoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllogistichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlemagnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nyssahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basil_of_Caesareahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cappadocian_Fathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Apology_of_Justin_Martyrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_apologeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justin_Martyrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imago_Deihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judeo-Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Individualismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Materialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spiritualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesus
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    Christian humanism 3

    Renaissance

    Christian humanism saw an explosion in the Renaissance, emanating from an increased faith in the capabilities of

    Man, married with a still-firm devotion to Christianity. In this regard, Petrarch (13041374) is also considered a

    father of humanism, being one of the earliest and most prominent Renasissance figures. In his letter "The Ascent of

    Mt. Ventoux" he states that his climb of the mountain was inspired by Livy, but found its true meaning in St.

    Augustine's Confessions. His masterful contributions to language and literature triggered the development of studia

    humanitatis which began to formalize the study of ancient languages, namely Greek and Latin, eloquence, classical

    authors, and rhetoric. Christian humanists also cared about scriptural and patristic writings, Hebrew, ecclesiastical

    reform, clerical education, and preaching. Plain Humanism might value earthly existence as something worthy in

    itself, whereas Christian humanism would value such existence, so long as it were combined with the Christian faith.

    One of the first texts regarding Christian humanism was Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of

    Man, in which he stressed that Men had the free will to travel up and down a moral scale, with God and angels being

    at the top, and Satan being at the bottom. Christian principles took effect in places other than Italy, during what is

    now called the Northern Renaissance. Italian universities and academia stressed Classical mythology and writings as

    a source of knowledge, whereas universities in the Holy Roman Empire and France based their teachings on the

    Church Fathers.

    Reformation

    Christian humanism finally blossomed out of the Renaissance and was brought by devoted Christians to the study of

    the philological sources of the GreekNew Testament and Hebrew Bible. The confluence of moveable type, new inks

    and widespread paper-making put potentially the whole of human knowledge at the hands of the scholarly

    community in a new way, beginning with the publication of critical editions of the Bible and Church Fathers and

    later encompassing other disciplines. This project was undertaken at the time of the Reformation in the work of

    Erasmus of Rotterdam (who remained a Catholic), Martin Luther (who was an Augustinian priest and led the

    Reformation, translating the Scriptures into his native German), and John Calvin (who was a student of l aw andtheology at the Sorbonne where he became acquainted with the Reformation, and began studying Scripture in the

    original languages, eventually writing a text-based commentary upon the entire Christian Old Testament and New

    Testament except the Book of Judges, Book of Ruth, Books of Samuel, Books of Kings, Books of Chronicles, Book

    of Ezra, Book of Nehemiah, Book of Esther, Book of Proverbs, Book of Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Second Epistle

    of John, Third Epistle of John, and the Book of Revelation). John Calvin was the most prominent of the many figures

    associated with Reformed Churches that proliferated in Switzerland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and portions

    of Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland. Each of the candidates for ordained ministry in these churches had to

    study the Christian Old Testament in Hebrew and the New in Greek in order to qualify. This continued the tradition

    of Christian humanism.

    Enlightenment

    The Enlightenment of the mid-18th century in Europe consolidated the separation of religious and secular

    institutions that has led to what some consider to be a false rift between Christianity and humanism. But while the

    Enlightenment crystallized humanism as a distinctly secular, liberal philosophy, it did have sectarian roots that

    reached back to early 18th-century England.[3]

    There rationalists known as Deists rejected traditional theology and

    clericalism in favor of natural religion. Non conformists, they preferred to sidestep the churches and seek God

    personally by way of reason and innate moral intuition. These Deists triggered a scholarly quest for the historical

    Jesus which often cast him as a quasi-divine beacon of virtue dispensing homilies that accorded nicely with precepts

    of bourgeois liberalism. They gave new currency to Christs humanist ethics and spawned wave of social gospel

    liberalism in the 20th century. They effectively reasserted the Judeo-Christian ethic which would play an important

    role in animating the political and social reform movements of the 19th and 20th centuries. Perhaps the most

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Age_of_Enlightenmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Age_of_Enlightenmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_gospelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quest_for_the_historical_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Age_of_Enlightenmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Revelationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_Johnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Epistle_of_Johnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Epistle_of_Johnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Song_of_Songshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Ecclesiasteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Proverbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Estherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Nehemiahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Ezrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Ezrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Chronicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Books_of_Samuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Ruthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Judgeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Calvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Lutherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erasmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy_Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Renaissancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Studia_humanitatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Studia_humanitatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renaissance
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    Christian humanism 4

    valuable contribution of this liberal Christianity is that it give rise to the first abolition of slavery movement in

    Britain founded by the Quakers in the late 18th century. However, it was the Evangelical Christian humanism of

    William Wilberforce (24 August 175929 July 1833) that led to the successful abolition of the slave trade.

    20th century to present

    The carnage of World War 1 shattered liberal optimism. Boundless idealism was eclipsed by the dark side of

    humanity and this prompted a realist backlash amongst Christian scholars and theologians. Known as

    neo-orthodoxy, its leading protagonists were Reinhold Niebuhr and Karl Barth. Both were erstwhile political

    liberals but they now insisted on getting back to basics. The curse of original sin seemed born out by the horrors of

    the war and any humanist aspirations would now have to be rooted in a theology of redemption and acceptance of

    complete human dependence on God. It was not until the 1970s that a strident social Christianity re-emerged. Taking

    root in the fertile soil of rampant injustice in Latin America and the anti-apartheid struggles in South Africa,

    Liberation Theology aimed at harnessing Christianity to the cause of social justice and even revolutionary

    socialism. However the title itself was misleading as it was never really a theology.[4]

    Over the past century the legacy of social gospel humanism has been carried forward by notables such as Dietrich

    Bonhoeffer, Dorothy Sayers, Charles Williams, Flannery O'Connor, and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. However since the

    advent of postmodernism, many radical, progressive Christians have tended to see the Christ of faith as

    irreconcilable with the Jesus of history, regarding the latter as a mere mortal and a distinctly fallible one at that. One

    such writer, for instance, argues for a religionless non-theistic form of Christianity: The Christian Humanist:

    Religion, Politics, and Ethics for the 21st Century[5]

    , which many Christians see as a logical impossibility. As

    progressives, they generally take a deconstructionist view that dogmatic theology is suspect and spiritual truth is

    mainly a personalized and subjective pursuit. They tend to align with liberal secular humanism and one of their

    outspoken advocates is retired US Bishop John Shelby Spong.

    There have been various attempts to reclaim a more traditional Christian humanism. One of these, represented by the

    Centre of Religious Humanism

    [6]

    and its director Gregory Wolfe, embraces Christianity's rich cultural heritage. ThisChristian humanism emphasises Jesus as the incarnate fusing of humanity with the divinehumanity in the image of

    Godespecially as manifested in the sublime, creative achievements of Western civilization. These ideas had

    previously reached their peak in the Renaissance and Wolfe particularly draws inspiration from the Renaissance

    humanists that supported the Catholic Church, such as Erasmus, Thomas More, Johann Reuchlin and John Colet.

    Prominent Christian humanists

    A. J. Cronin

    Blaise Pascal

    Boris Pahor

    Charles Pguy

    Christopher Dawson

    Christopher Fry

    Desiderius Erasmus

    Dietrich von Hildebrand

    Dorothy L. Sayers

    Emmanuel Mounier

    Francis of Assisi

    G. K. Chesterton

    H. Richard Niebuhr

    Immanuel Kant

    Jacques Maritain

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G._K._Chestertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H._Richard_Niebuhrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Kanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G._K._Chestertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H._Richard_Niebuhrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Kanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immanuel_Kanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H._Richard_Niebuhrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G._K._Chestertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_of_Assisihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Mounierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_L._Sayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_von_Hildebrandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desiderius_Erasmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Fryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Dawsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_P%C3%A9guyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boris_Pahorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blaise_Pascalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._J._Croninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Colethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Reuchlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Morehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erasmushttp://imagejournal.org/page/journal/editorial-statements/religious-humanism-a-manifestohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Shelby_Sponghttp://www.christianhumanist.net/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postmodernismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Solzhenitsynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flannery_O%27Connorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Williams_%28British_writer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Sayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_Bonhoefferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_Bonhoefferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberation_Theologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Barthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Niebuhrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neo-orthodoxy
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    Christian humanism 5

    John Henry Newman

    John Paul II

    John Shelby Spong

    Jim Wallis

    Mother Teresa

    Paul Tillich

    Reinhold Niebuhr

    Richard Holloway

    Sren Kierkegaard

    Thomas Merton

    Thomas More

    Tony Campolo

    T. S. Eliot

    Notes

    [5] http:/ /www.christianhumanist. net/

    [6] http:/ /imagejournal. org/page/journal/editorial-statements/religious-humanism-a-manifesto

    References

    Arnold, Jonathan. "John Colet Preaching and Reform at St. Paul's Cathedral, 15051519." Reformation and

    Renaissance Review: Journal of the Society for Reformation Studies 5, no. 2 (2003): 2049.

    D'Arcy, Martin C. Humanism and Christianity. New York: The World Publishing Company, 1969

    Lemerle, Paul. Byzantine humanism: the first phase: notes and remarks on education and culture in Byzantium

    from its origins to the 10th century trans. Helen Lindsay and Ann Moffatt. Canberra, 1986.

    External links

    No Christian humanism? Big mistake. (http://onlinecatholics.acu.edu.au/issue115/news1.html), Online

    Catholics, by Peter Fleming. (Accessed 6 May 2012)

    Christian Humanist(http://christianhumanist.net/). Arthur G. Broadhurst

    http://christianhumanist.net/http://onlinecatholics.acu.edu.au/issue115/news1.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_D%27Arcyhttp://imagejournal.org/page/journal/editorial-statements/religious-humanism-a-manifestohttp://www.christianhumanist.net/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T._S._Eliothttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tony_Campolohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Morehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Mertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hollowayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Niebuhrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Tillichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mother_Teresahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jim_Wallishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Shelby_Sponghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Paul_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Henry_Newman
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    Article Sources and Contributors 6

    Article Sources and ContributorsChristian humanism Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=571284734 Contributors: Adambiswanger1, Afasmit, Ale jrb, All Is One, Allen3, Amillar, Andreas Philopater, B1mbo,

    Bacchiad, Bobsingle, C.Fred, Capricorn42, Cawsocia, Chiwhitesoxfan11, Christum, Chuck369, Closedmouth, Cwolfsheep, DMSBel, Darklilac, Dbickford, Dewine, Dj manton, Dovetailed,

    Editor2020, Edward, Englishnotbritish, Evrik, Gaius Cornelius, Gallopaddict, GoGeo, Goodone121, Gregbard, Happy Humanist, Hassouni, Henningsthegreat, Homagetocatalonia, Ian.thomson,

    Ilario, Iselilja, Ixfd64, Jayron32, Jhobson1, Jobin RV, JoeCarter888, Johnbequette, Jonathunder, JosephCCampana, Jpeob, JuanMarchant, Jusdafax, KHM03, Kevlarsen, Kitoba, KnightRider,

    Koavf, LarRan, LeMaster, Leandrod, Leon..., Ligulem, Lloegr-Cymru, Mark K. Jensen, Mind meal, Mlangager, NZUlysses, Nathanielfirst, NewEnglandYankee, Nirvana2013, Ohnoitsjamie,

    OlEnglish, Optichan, Parkc030, Pastordavid, Pigman, PlasmaTime, Praise of Folly, Premkudva, Reformatikos, Ross Burgess, Savidan, SchreiberBike, Silence, Smallman12q, Srnec, StAnselm,

    Stevertigo, Tastemyhouse, Toddsschneider, Tom harrison, Triddle, UncDto5, Vanish2, Vanky, WOSlinker, Wereon, Whateverlolawants, William Avery, 161 anonymous edits

    Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:HumanismSymbol.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:HumanismSymbol.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: Andres Rojas

    License

    Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/