christian fortmann & martin forst instil/icall2004 symposium, venice 1 a german lfg for call...
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 1
A German LFG for CALL
Christian Fortmann, Martin Forst
Institut für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung
Universität Stuttgart
{fortmann|forst}@ims.uni-stuttgart.de
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 2
A German LFG for CALL
● Goal: Building a grammar checker as a component of a comprehensive CALL program for German.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 3
A German LFG for CALL
● Goal: Building a grammar checker as a component of a comprehensive CALL program for German.
● General needs to be met by a CALL grammar checker.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 4
A German LFG for CALL
● Goal: Building a grammar checker as a component of a comprehensive CALL program for German.
● General needs to be met by a CALL grammar checker.
● How to deal with word order in German.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 5
A German LFG for CALL
● Goal: Building a grammar checker as a component of a comprehensive CALL program for German.
● General needs to be met by a CALL grammar checker.
● How to deal with word order in German.
● How to deal with agreement.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 6
A German LFG for CALL
● Goal: Building a grammar checker as a component of a comprehensive CALL program for German.
● General needs to be met by a CALL grammar checker.
● How to deal with word order in German.● How to deal with agreement.● Conclusions and outlook on possible future
developments.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 7
Needs to be met by a CALL grammar checker
CALL faces specific didactic and technical demands:
● Grammar acquisition in L2-learning is a process of conscious rule learning.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 8
Needs to be met by a CALL grammar checker
CALL faces specific didactic and technical demands:
● Grammar acquisition in L2-learning is a process of conscious rule learning.
● The learner has a native grammar, more or less different from German.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 9
Needs to be met by a CALL grammar checker
CALL faces specific didactic and technical demands:
● Grammar acquisition in L2-learning is a process of conscious rule learning.
● The learner has a native grammar, more or less different from German.
● CALL is learner-oriented – interaction with a competent speaker is less important.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 10
Reasons to use a modified LFG/XLE as a grammar checker
● LFG assigns two types of representations to a sentence:
● Context-free trees – c-structures
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 11
Reasons to use a modified LFG/XLE as a grammar checker
● LFG assigns two types of representations to a sentence:
● Context-free trees – c-structures● Attribute-value matrices – f-structures
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 12
Reasons to use a modified LFG/XLE as a grammar checker
● XLE implements a version of OT for robustness and disambuation (Frank et al. 1999).
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 13
Reasons to use a modified LFG/XLE as a grammar checker
● XLE implements a version of OT for robustness and disambuation (Frank et al. 1999)
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 14
Reasons to use a modified LFG/XLE as a grammar checker
● XLE implements a version of OT for robustness and disambuation (Frank et al. 1999).
XLE provides head precedence.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 15
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 16
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen● Independent of context
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 17
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen● Independent of context● Well described (in the GSL literature)
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 18
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen● Independent of context● Well described (in the GSL literature)● Can be covered by additional rules
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 19
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen● Independent of context● Well described (in the GSL literature)● Can be covered by additional rules
● Marked word orders#Heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 20
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen● Independent of context● Well described (in the GSL literature)● Can be covered by additional rules
● Marked word orders#Heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen● Highly dependent on information structure
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 21
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen● Independent of context● Well described (in the GSL literature)● Can be covered by additional rules
● Marked word orders#Heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen● Highly dependent on information structure● Insuffiently described (in the GSL literature)
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 22
The case of word order
● Ungrammatical word orders*Heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen● Independent of context● Well described (in the GSL literature)● Can be covered by additional rules
● Marked word orders#Heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen● Highly dependent on information structure● Insuffiently described (in the GSL literature)● Additional annotations in existing rules
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 23
Ungrammatical word orders
● More than one constituent in the Vorfeld: *heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 24
Ungrammatical word orders
● More than one constituent in the Vorfeld: *heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen
● More than one verbal element in the V2 position:*heute hat gegessen Peter den Kuchen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 25
Ungrammatical word orders
● More than one constituent in the Vorfeld: *heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen
● More than one verbal element in the V2 position:
*heute hat gegessen Peter den Kuchen
● German as an SVO language:*heute hat Peter gegessen den Kuchen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 26
Ungrammatical word orders
*heute Peter den Kuchen hat gegessen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 27
Marked word orders
● #OBJ > SUBJ#heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 28
Marked word orders
● #OBJ > SUBJ#heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen
● #Full NP > Pronoun#heute hat Peter ihn gegessen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 29
Marked word orders
● #OBJ > SUBJ#heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen
● #Full NP > Pronoun#heute hat Peter ihn gegessen
● #Indefinite NP > Definite NP#heute hat Peter einen Kuchen dem Mann
gegeben
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 30
Marked word orders
#heute hat den Kuchen Peter gegessen
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 31
Agreement
*heute Otto siehst Anna
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 32
Implementation
● Malrules, penalized by means of OT-marks CP --> XP:(TOPIC)= (XCOMP* {SUBJ|OBJ|...})=;
XP*:(XCOMP* {SUBJ|OBJ|...})=Vorfeld ( DAF-UNGRAM)
DAFUngramVF o::*; Cbar:=.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 33
Implementation
● Malrules, penalized by means of OT-marks CP --> XP:( TOPIC)= ( XCOMP* {SUBJ|OBJ|...})=;
XP*:( XCOMP* {SUBJ|OBJ|...})= Vorfeld ( DAF-UNGRAM)
DAFUngramVF o::*; Cbar: = .
V --> V-S V-T Pers-F: {( SUBJ)= | =
SVPersAgr ( DAF-UNGRAM)DAFUngram o::*;}
Num-F: ...
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 34
Implementation
● Additional constraints involving head-precedence CP --> XP:( TOPIC)= ( XCOMP* {SUBJ|OBJ|...})= ;
XP*:(XCOMP* {SUBJ|OBJ|...})=
Vorfeld ( DAF-UNGRAM) DAFUngramVF o::*;
Cbar: = {(OBJ) <h (SUBJ) MFObjBeforeSubj (DAF-MARKED) DAFMarkMFObjBeforeSubj o::* | (SUBJ) <h (OBJ) |... }.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 35
Conclusions
● Grammar still at experimental level.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 36
Conclusions
● Grammar still at experimental level.● However, successful wrt. to identification of
attested (systematic) errors:● Ungrammatical word orders● Violation of agreement
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 37
Conclusions
● Grammar still at experimental level.● However, successful wrt. to identification of
attested (systematic) errors:● Ungrammatical word orders● Violation of agreement
● Marked, potentially inadequate word orders can be identified.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 38
Conclusions
● Grammar still at experimental level.● However, successful wrt. to identification of
attested (systematic) errors:● Ungrammatical word orders● Violation of agreement
● Marked, potentially inadequate word orders can be identified.
● Given a broad-coverage LFG for German, implementation efforts are reasonable.
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 39
Outlook
● More corpus work needed:● To identify more systematic error types● To classify error types according to learners' native
languages => one German LFG for CALL or several LFGs?
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 40
Outlook
● More corpus work needed:● To identify more systematic error types● To classify error types according to learners' native
languages => one German LFG for CALL or several LFGs?
● What about orthography?
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 41
Outlook
● More corpus work needed:● To identify more systematic error types● To classify error types according to learners' native
languages => one German LFG for CALL or several LFGs?
● What about orthography?● What about morphology?
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Christian Fortmann & Martin Forst InSTIL/ICALL2004 Symposium, Venice 42
Outlook
● More corpus work needed:● To identify more systematic error types● To classify error types according to learners' native
languages => one German LFG for CALL or several LFGs?
● What about orthography?● What about morphology?● Integration into a CALL environment.