christian evidences conference dr. john oakes, june 14, 2009 jesus in the old testament
TRANSCRIPT
Christian Evidences ConferenceDr. John Oakes,
June 14, 2009
Jesus in the Old Testament
This Weekend: Is the Jesus of the New Testament the Jesus of
history?
Acts Chapter Two:
· Jesus fulfilled the messianic prophecies, therefore he is Messiah
· Jesus worked miracles, therefore he is Lord
· Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead, therefore he is savior
· Repent and be baptized.
Our Outline:
Messianic Prophecies
Types, Prefigures and Foreshadows
He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms. Luke 24:44
Messianic Prophecies
Question #1: How do I know these prophecies really were written down hundreds of years before the events?
Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek 220-150 BC
Dead Sea Scrolls.250-50 BC
QumranCave #4
Column I The Great
Qumran Isaiah Scroll
150 BC
Josephus: “When Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him… And the tribe of Christians so named from him are not extinct to this day.”
Cornelius Tacitus: “Hence, to suppress the rumor, [Nero]
falsely charged with the guilt and punished with the most exquisite tortures, the persons commonly called Christians, who were hated for their enormities. Christus, the founder of the name, was put to death by Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign of Tiberius…
Jewish Talmud “On the eve of the Passover they hanged Yeshu and the herald went before him for forty days saying Yeshu… has practiced sorcery and beguiled and led astray Israel.
Tiberius Pontius Pilatus Procutator of Judea
Question #3 Are these, in fact, prophecies of the Messiah? (or are we taking them out of context)
Hint: If the Jews themselves acknowledged them to be messianic, that is very strong evidence.
Question #4 Could Jesus, planning on deceiving the people into believing he was the Messiah, have read the Old Testament and tried to fulfill all the prophecies?
12/18/2001 Israel 1999 Expedition
Fortress Antonia – Where Jesus was condemned
Deceitfully fulfilling the messianic prophecies: a bad plan!
Isaiah 53:1-13:
He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows, familiar with suffering. (v. 3)
But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. (v. 5) (John 19:31-37)
He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the slaughter and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth. (v. 7)
Micah 5:2
But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from old, from ancient times.
Isaiah 9:1,6
In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the Gentiles, by the way of the sea, along the Jordan…. For to us a child is born… And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
Psalm 22:16-18
Dogs have surrounded me;
a band of evil men have encircled me,
they have pierced my hands and my feet.
I can count all my bones; (John 19:31-37)
people stare and gloat over me.
They divide my garments among them
and cast lots for my clothing. (John 19:23,24)
Zechariah 11:12,13
I told them, “If you think it best, give me my pay; but if not, keep it.” so they paid me thirty pieces of silver. (Matthew 26:14-16)
And the Lord said to me, “Throw it to the potter”—the handsome price at which they priced me! So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the Lord, to the potter. (Matthew 27:3-8)
Daniel 9:24-26
Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy.
Know and understand this: From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, until the Anointed One, the ruler comes, there will be seven ‘sevens’ and sixty two ‘sevens’
Decree of Artaxerxes (Ezra 7:12-26) 458 BC
458 BC - 490 years = -32
No zero BC = 33 AD when Messiah will come to Jerusalem
Be born in Bethlehem Be raised in Galilee near Nazareth Be despised and rejected by men Be meek and silent before his accusers Be “pierced” Be crucified Have his garments divided and gambled over Be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver Come to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin in about AD 33 And many more….
Was all this an accident, or did God plan all along for the Passion of the Christ for forgiveness of sins? What do you think?
Jesus: Man, Myth or Messiah?
Old Testament Prophecy
Content New Testament Fulfillment
Genesis 3:15 Satan will attack the Messiah, but the Messiah will destroy the work of Satan. Matthew 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13
Genesis 49:10,11
The Messiah will be from Judah (also hints about a vine, a colt, a branch and blood/grapes)
Matthew 1:2,3
Deut 18:15-18 God will raise up a prophet like, but greater than Moses. Matthew 21:11, Mark 6:15
Psalm 16:10,11 The Messiah will not be abandoned to the grave (will be resurrected). John 2:19, Luke 24:1-7
Psalm 22:15-18 The Messiah will be crucified, his bones not broken, his clothing divided and gambled over.
John 19:6,7, John 19:31-34, John 19:23,24
Psalm 31:5 The Messiah will commit his spirit into the hands of God. Luke 23:46
Psalm 69:9,21 The Messiah will show zeal for God’s house. He will be given gall and vinegar to drink.
John 2:12-17, Matthew 27:3
Psalm 110:1,4 The Messiah will be a priest in the order of Melchizedek. Hebrews 7:11-18
Psalm 118:22,23
The Messiah will be rejected, but will become the foundation of the Kingdom of God.
Matthew 23:37, Acts 4:10
Isaiah 7:14 The Messiah will be born of a virgin. Luke 1:26-38
Isaiah 9:1,2,6,7 The Messiah will be from Galilee; in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali. Matthew 4:12-16
Isaiah 11:1,2 The Messiah will be descended from Jesse and will be a Branch (Nazarene). Matthew 1:5,6, John 1:45,46
Isaiah 35:5,6 The Messiah will heal the deaf, the blind and the physically disabled. Mark 7:32-25, 8:22-26, 2:3-12
Isaiah 42:1-4 The Messiah will be miraculously humble. John 8:1-11
Isaiah 53 The Messiah will be despised, he will be pierced, he will take on himself the sin of mankind, he will be silent before his accusers, and will be buried with the rich.
Matthew 27:15-18, John 19:33-35, Mark 14:60,61, 15:3-5, Mark 15:42-46
Daniel 9:24-27 The Messiah will come to Jerusalem to bring salvation somewhere between AD 26-33.
Luke 3:1,2
Micah 5:2 The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem Ephrathah. Luke 2:1-7
Zechariah 6:9-15
The Messiah will be a king and a priest, and will bring harmony between the two. John 18:37, Hebrews 7:11-17
Zechariah 9:9-11
The Messiah will ride as a king into Jerusalem riding on a donkey and the colt of that donkey.
Matthew 21:1-7
Zechariah 11:10-14
The Messiah will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver. The money will be thrown to “the potter.”
Matthew 26:14-16, Matthew 27:6,7
Zechariah 13:7 When the Messiah is attacked, his “sheep” will be scattered. Mark 14:50,51
Prophecies of the Kingdom of God
Prophesied Quality of the Kingdom of God
Old Testament Prophecies (and New Testament fulfillment)
Establishment of the Kingdom. Jeremiah 31:31-34 (Hebrews 9:15)Ezekiel 36:24-27 (John 16:13-15, Acts 2:38)
Who will be the King? Ezekiel 34:23,24 (John 10:14, Ephesians 1:22,23)Hosea 3:5Joel 2:28-32 (Acts 2:16-21)Zechariah 13:1,2
Extent of the Kingdom of God. Isaiah 49:6, 42:6Isaiah 2:2-4Isaiah 54:1 (Galatians 4:26-28)Ezekiel 17:22-24Zechariah 2:10,11
Relationship between King and subjects.
Exodus 19:5,6 (1 Peter 2:9, 1 Timothy 2:5Ezekiel 37:24-28 (2 Corinthians 6:6)Ezekiel 11:19,20Hosea 1:10,11, 2:23 (Romans 9:25,26)
Relationships between subjects in the Kingdom of God.
Isaiah 11:6-10 (Galatians 3:26-28)
Persecution of the Kingdom of God.
Daniel 7:6-8Daniel 7:19-25
Power and Endurance of the Kingdom of God.
Daniel 7:26,27Amos 9:112 Samuel 7:12-14Daniel 2:44
John 5:39-40 You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.
Old Testament like a play….
Old Testament like a mystery….
From Shadow to Reality
Foreshadow: An object, event, person or situation which stands for something similar, but of greater significance in the future.
Prefigure: A specific thing which stands for another specific thing similar to it in the future.
Type and Antitype: A person or thing regarded as the symbol of someone or something which is yet to appear
Historical Foreshadows
1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come.
A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.
Genesis 22:1-14
Prefigures of Jesus Christ
Adam Melchizedek, Isaac, Joseph Moses Joshua Deborah, Samson, Saul David Elijah, Jonah Daniel, Cyrus Joshua the priest, Esther
Parallels Between Moses and Jesus
Moses
Jesus
Pharaoh tried to kill him
Herod tried to kill him
Called by God to leave Egypt
Carried out of Egypt
Forty years in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry
Forty days in the wilderness to prepare for his ministryLeft his position with the
king of Egypt to dwell with the Jews
Left the right hand of the Father to life with the JewsLed Israel out of slavery in
EgyptLeads Spiritual Israel out of sin
Aaron prepared the way
John the Baptist prepared the way
Baptized Israel in the Red Sea in order to free them
Commands baptism in water for freedom from sinGave manna in the wilderness
(sort of)Gives spiritual bread to all who hunger
Gave water to the people in the desert
Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit
Spoke to God on Mt. Sinai Spoke to God on Mt. Hermon
Model of The Jewish TabernacleHebrews 10:19-20
Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle
ITEM IN TABERNACLE OR TEMPLE
ANTITYPE IN THE NEW COVENANT
SCRIPTURE REFERENCE
The tabernacle itself God dwelling with his people
John 14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev 1:13
The bronze altar of sacrifice
The sacrifice of Jesus for sins
The basin/laver
Baptism
The show bread
The bread of life, Jesus Christ
The lampstand
The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6
The altar of incense The prayers of the saints
Revelation 5:8
The blue, purple and scarlet yarn
The heavens, the kingship of God, the blood of Jesus
The curtain Separation from God Matthew 27:51
The ark of the covenant
The presence of God
The Mercy Seat
The grace of God
The Cherubim
Hebrews 9:14
Titus 3:5
John 6:48-51
Psalm 132:7,8
The angels in heaven Ezekiel 10:15-22
Sacrificial Type and Antitype
Old Testament Sacrifice
New Testament fulfillment
Scriptures
Sweet Savor Sacrifices
The Burnt Offering
Jesus’ and our devotion to God
Ephesians 5:1,2 Romans 12:1,2
The Grain Offering Giving back a contribution to God
Matthew 6:19-21Romans 8,9
The Drink Offering Pouring out our life for God
Luke 22:20 Philippians 2:16
The Fellowship Offering
Celebrating our blessings from God
John 10:101 Thess 5:16
Blood Sacrifices
The Sin Offering Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins
1 Peter 1:18,192 Corinthians 5:21
The Guilt Offering
Maintaining a relationship with one another
Matthew 5:23,24
The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a PrefigureThe Red Heifer Sacrifice The Sacrifice of Jesus
A very rare red heifer A unique son
Sacrificed outside the camp(on the Mount of Olives)
Sacrificed outside the camp (on the Mount of Olives)
To purify both Jews and Gentiles
To purify both Jews and Gentiles
A sacrifice without blemish (not even one black hair!)
A sacrifice without blemish
Never been yoked (voluntary, not sinned)
A voluntary sacrifice, without sin
Scarlet wool and wood Blood on wood
Hyssop (purification from infection)
Purifies from the infection of sin
Combines ashes from sacrifice with water for purification.
Combine the blood of Jesus with baptism for purification
First Covenant Festivals as Types
Jewish Festival Antitype in the Christian Life
Passover (pesach) The Sacrificial Death of Jesus Christ
Feast of Firstfruits The Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Feast of Unleavened Bread Celebrating Being Free of Sin in Our Lives
Feast of Weeks/Pentecost (shavoat)
The Giving of the Holy Spirit and the Initiation of the Church
Feast of Trumpets (rosh hashanah)
Judgement Day, Jesus Coming Back
Day of Atonement (yom kippur)
The Day We Were Saved—Spiritual Birthday
Feast of Booths (Tabernacles)
Celebrating Life in Fellowship with God
Feast of Trumpets Rosh Hashanah/Yom Teruah
A foreshadow of the Return of Jesus. • Matt 25:30-31, I Thess 4:13-14 Trumpet call.
A foreshadow of Judgment Day
Rabbis: Stay awake all night so you will be prepared.
The Day of Atonement Yom Kippur
Sacrificial goat and scape goat.
Sins laid on sacrificial goat, killed outside the camp.
Prefigure of the salvation of Jesus.
Passover/Pesach
Death sentence
Pure, undefiled Passover almb
Blood sprinkled on the wooden beam above the door.
A remembrance of salvation from death
A rembrance of salvation from slavery
No bone broken
The third cup: the cup of salvation.
Feast of Firstfruits
A harvest festival when there was no harvest.
A promise of a future harvest.
A foreshadow of the final resurrection.
A prefigure of the resurrection of Jesus.
Coll 1:18 The first born from among the dead.
Conclusion?What is your response to Jesus?
John 11:25, 43-50
Many believed in him
Others decided to kill him.
What about you?