chpt04-fem for framesnew.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 4
FEM FOR FRAMES
The FThe Finite Element Methodinite Element MethodA Practical CourseA Practical Course
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CONTENTSCONTENTS INTRODUCTION FEM EQUATIONS FOR PLANAR FRAMES
– Equations in local coordinate system– Equations in global coordinate system
FEM EQUATIONS FOR SPATIAL FRAMES– Equations in local coordinate system– Equations in global coordinate system
CASE STUDY REMARKS
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INTRODUCTIOINTRODUCTIONN
Frame members are loaded axially and transversely.
It is capable of carrying, axial, transverse forces, as well as moments.
Frame elements are applicable for the analysis of skeletal type systems of both planar frames (2D frames) and space frames (3D frames).
Known generally as the beam element or general beam element in most commercial software.
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FEM EQUATIONS FOR PLANAR FEM EQUATIONS FOR PLANAR FRAMESFRAMES
Consider a planar frame element
Y, V
X, U
node 1 (u1, v1, z1)
x, , u y, v
z
z
l=2a
node 2 (u2, v2, z2)
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 2
5 2
6 2
diplacement components at node 1
diplacement components at node 2
ze
z
d u
d v
d
d u
d v
d
d
??
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Equations in local coordinate Equations in local coordinate systemsystemTruss +
beam
Truss
Beam
From the truss element,
1 1 4 2
1 12 2
4 22
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
. 0 0
0
AE AEa a
trusse AE
a
d u d u
d u
d u
sy
k
(Expand to 6x6)
node 1 (u1, v1, z1)
x, , u y, v
z
l=2a
node 2 (u2, v2, z2)
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 2
5 2
6 2
ze
z
d u
d v
d
d u
d v
d
d
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Equations in local coordinate Equations in local coordinate systemsystem
From the beam element
3 2 3 2
2
3 2
3 1 5 2 6 22 1
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 12 3
2 3 1
3 35 22 2
26 2
( ) ( ) ( )( )
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
.
z z z z
z z z
z z
z
z z
EI EI EI EI
a a a aEI EI EI
a a a zbeame
EI EI
a aEI
za
d d v dd v
d v
d
d vsy
d
k
(Expand to 6x6)
node 1 (u1, v1, z1)
x, , u y, v
z
l=2a
node 2 (u2, v2, z2)
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Equations in local coordinate systemEquations in local coordinate system
0
00.
00
0000
00000
0000
2
22
sya
AE
aAE
aAE
trussek
3 2 3 2
2
3 2
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 22 3
2
3 3
2 22
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
.
z z z z
z z z
z z
z
EI EI EI EI
a a a aEI EI EI
a a abeame
EI EI
a aEI
a
sy
k+
a
EIa
EI
a
EIa
AEa
EI
a
EI
a
EIa
EI
a
EI
a
EI
a
EIa
AEa
AE
e
z
zz
zzz
zzzz
sy2
2
3
2
32
2
322
3
2
3
2
3
2
322
23
2
2323
.
00
0
0
0000
k
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Equations in local coordinate systemEquations in local coordinate system
Similarly so for the mass matrix
2
22
8
2278.
0070
61308
132702278
00350070
105
a
asy
aaa
aa
Aae
m
And for the force vector,2
2
1
1
13
2
2
23
y
y
x sx
y sy
f a
se
x sx
y sy
f a
s
f a f
f a f
m
f a f
f a f
m
f
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Equations in global coordinate Equations in global coordinate systemsystem Coordinate transformation
Similar to trusses
ee TDd
where
j
j
j
i
i
i
e
D
D
D
D
D
D
3
13
23
3
13
23
D ,
100000
0000
0000
000100
0000
0000
yy
xx
yy
xx
ml
ml
ml
ml
T
D3i -2
D3i-1
D3j -2
D2j
2a
x
u1
u2
global node j local node 2
global node i local node 1
0
X
Y
o
x
y
v1
v2
D3j
D3j - 1
z2
z1
D3i
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Equations in global coordinate Equations in global coordinate systemsystem
D3i -2
D3i-1
D3j -2
D2j
2a
x
u1
u2
global node j local node 2
global node i local node 1
0
X
Y
o
x
y
v1
v2
D3j
D3j - 1
z2
z1
D3i
cos( , ) cos
cos( , ) sin
j ix
e
j ix
e
X Xl x X
l
Y Ym x Y
l
cos( , ) cos(90 ) sin
cos( , ) cos
j iy
e
j iy
e
Y Yl y X
l
X Xm y Y
l
2 2( ) ( )e j i j il X X Y Y
Direction cosines in T:
(Length of element)
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Equations in global coordinate systemEquations in global coordinate system
Finally, we have
TkTK eT
e
TmTM eT
e
eT
e fTF
100000
0000
0000
000100
0000
0000
yy
xx
yy
xx
ml
ml
ml
ml
T
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FEM EQUATIONS FOR FEM EQUATIONS FOR SPATIAL FRAMESSPATIAL FRAMES
Consider a spatial frame element
v1
u1 w1
x
y
z
1
2
z2
w2
x2
y2
z1
x1
y1
u2
v2
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
6 1
27
28
29
210
211
212
x
y
ze
x
y
z
d u
d v
d w
d
d
d
ud
vd
wd
d
d
d
d
Displacement components at node 1
Displacement components at node 2
??
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Equations in local coordinate systemEquations in local coordinate system
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
1 21 21 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2 23 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
z z z z
y y y y
y yx xz z
AE AEa a
EI EI EI EI
a a a a
EI EI EI EI
a a a a
GJa
e
u v w u v w
k
2
2
3 2
3 2
2
2 3
22 3
2
23 3
2 2
3 3
2 2
2
2
2
.
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0
y y y
z z z
z z
y y
y
z
GJa
EI EI EI
a a aEI EI EI
a a a
AEa
EI EI
a a
EI EI
a a
GJa
EI
aEI
a
sy
v1
u1 w1
x
y
z
1
2
z2
w2
x2
y2
z1
x1
y1
u2
v2
Truss + beam
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Equations in local coordinate Equations in local coordinate systemsystem
2
2
2
22
22
22
8080070.0220782200078000007060001308060130008003500000700130270002207813000270220007800000350000070
105
aa
rsya
a
aaaaaa
rraa
aa
Aa
x
xx
e
m
whereA
Ir x
x 2
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Equations in global coordinate systemEquations in global coordinate system
Y
X
Z
y x
z
D6i-1
D6i-2
D6i-3
D6i-4
D6i-5
D6j-2
D6j-1
D6j-3
D6j-4
D6j
D6i
d6
d5
d4
d3
d2 d1
d12
d11
d10
d9
d8
d7
D6j-5 y
x
z
1
2 3
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Equations in global coordinate systemEquations in global coordinate system
Coordinate transformation
ee TDd where
j
j
j
j
j
j
i
i
i
i
i
i
e
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
6
16
26
36
46
56
6
16
26
36
46
56
D ,
3
3
3
3
T000
0T00
00T0
000T
T
zzz
yyy
xxx
nml
nml
nml
3T
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Equations in global coordinate systemEquations in global coordinate system
cos( , ), cos( , ), cos( , )
cos( , ), cos( , ), cos( , )
cos( , ), cos( , ), cos( , )
x x x
y y y
z z z
l x X m x Y n x Z
l y X m y Y n y Z
l z X m z Y n z Z
Direction cosines in T3
zzz
yyy
xxx
nml
nml
nml
3T
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Equations in global coordinate Equations in global coordinate systemsystem Vectors for defining location and orientation of
frame element in space
Y
X
Z
x
1
2 3
12 VV
13 VV
y
y
z
)()( 1312 VVVV
2V
1V
3V
ZZYYXXV
1111
ZZYYXXV
2222
ZZYYXXV
3333
lkkl
lkkl
lkkl
ZZZ
YYY
XXX
k, l = 1, 2, 3
221
221
221122 ZYXVVal
ZZYYXXVV
21212112
ZZYYXXVV
31313113
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Equations in global coordinate systemEquations in global coordinate system
Vectors for defining location and orientation of frame element in space (cont’d)
a
ZZxZxn
a
YYxYxm
a
XXxXxl
x
x
x
2),cos(
2),cos(
2),cos(
21
21
21
)()(
)()(
1312
1312
VVVV
VVVVz
Za
ZY
a
YX
a
X
VV
VVx
222
)( 212121
12
12
})()(){(2
1213131212131312121313121
123
ZYXYXYXZXZXZYZYA
z
221313121
221313121
221313121123 )()()( YXYXXZXZZYZYA
Y
X
Z
1
2 3
12 VV
13 VV
y
z
)()( 1312 VVVV
2V
1V
3V
x
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Equations in global coordinate systemEquations in global coordinate system Vectors for defining location and orientation of
frame element in space (cont’d)
21 31 31 21123
21 31 31 21123
21 31 31 21123
1( )
2
1( )
2
1( )
2
z
z
z
l z X Y Z Y ZA
m z Y Z X Z XA
n z Z X Y X YA
xzy
xzxzy
xzxzy
xzxzy
lmmln
nllnm
mnnml
Y
X
Z
1
2 3
12 VV
13 VV
y
z
)()( 1312 VVVV
2V
1V
3V
x
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Equations in global coordinate systemEquations in global coordinate system
Finally, we have
TkTK eT
e
TmTM eT
e
eT
e fTF
3
3
3
3
T000
0T00
00T0
000T
T
zzz
yyy
xxx
nml
nml
nml
3T
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CASE CASE STUDYSTUDY
Finite element analysis of bicycle frame
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CASE STUDYCASE STUDYYoung’s modulus,
E GPaPoisson’s ratio,
69.0 0.33
74 elements (71 nodes)
Ensure connectivity
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CASE STUDYCASE STUDY
Constraints in all directions
Horizontal load
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CASE STUDYCASE STUDY
M = 20X
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CASE CASE STUDYSTUDY
-9.68 x 105 Pa
-1.214 x 106 Pa
-6.34 x 105 Pa
-6.657 x 105 Pa
9.354 x 105 Pa
-5.665 x 105 Pa
-6.264 x 105 Pa
Axial stress