Chp 7: Human Geography Chp 7: Human Geography of Canadaof Canada

Early HistoryEarly History

• Hunters/gathers = land bridge

• Vikings– Eric the Red & Leif Erickson

• Italian explorers

• French & British exploration– Catholics only—French Huguenots not

allowed– Fur trapping-intermarriage w/ natives

Unifying CanadaUnifying Canada

• 1791 Canada was split into 2 provinces– Upper Canada (Ontario)

• English speaking majority• Protestant majority

– Lower Canada (Quebec)• French speaking majority• Catholic majority

Unifying CanadaUnifying Canada

• 1867 British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada– Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick

• Self government but still part of the British Empire– Ottawa = capital– 1869 Rupert’s land was added to the Dominion

• 1871 Unification of all of Canada– Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island,

Yukon, Alberta & Saskatchewan

Canada expands through Canada expands through transportation and industrial transportation and industrial

developmentdevelopment• Completion of the transcontinental RR

• Gold discovered in the Yukon

• Rapid immigration

Urban and Industrial GrowthUrban and Industrial Growth

• Moving from rural areas to urban manufacturing and service industries

• Growth occurs within 100 miles of the U.S. border

Governing CanadaGoverning Canada

• 1931 Great Britain recognizes Canadian independence

• Parliamentary system– Appointed Senate– Elected House of Commons– Prime Minister

• Each 10 provinces has its own legislature & premier

Take FiveTake Five

• Complete the skill builder questions on pg 159

Sec 2: Economy & Culture of CanadaSec 2: Economy & Culture of Canada

First Nations (Canadian native Americans) – Fishing, fur trade & other trade w/ French

voyageurs– Primary industries: farming, logging, mining

and fishing• 10% of the GDP• Largest exporter of lumber• Mining of gold, uranium, zinc, silver etc major

industry• 5% land used for agriculture

– 3% of the population are farmers

Canadian Manufacturing and Canadian Manufacturing and Service Industries Service Industries

• 15% of Canadians work in mfg

• 20% of the GDP is from mfg

• 60% of the GDP is from service industries

• 3% of the population or 75% of the workers are in the service industries

• NAFTA– 85% of exports to the US– 75% of imports from the US

Take FiveTake Five

• Complete the skill builder questions on pg 160

Canadian CultureCanadian Culture

• Many different cultures– Native (Intuit), French, British, Métis (mixed

French and native)– Immigrants– Bilingual—French & British– 80% of the population live on 10% of the land– 80% live in urban areas– Natives now live of reserves—public lands set

aside for their use

Modern Day CanadaModern Day Canada

• High standard of living

• 97% literacy rate

• Many sports teams and recreational sports

• Arts

Take FiveTake Five

• Complete the skill builder questions on pg 166

Sec 3: Sub regions of CanadaSec 3: Sub regions of Canada

• The Atlantic Provinces

• The Core Provinces

• The Prairie Provinces

• The Pacific Provinces and the Territories

The Atlantic ProvincesThe Atlantic Provinces

• Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia & Newfoundland

• 8% of the entire Canadian population– Most live in coastal areas– Rugged terrain & harsh climate

• Economy of the Atlantic– Logging=largest industry of the region– Fishing– Mining– Hydro-electric power for supplying Quebec & parts of

NE US

The Core Provinces—Quebec & The Core Provinces—Quebec & Ontario Ontario

• The “heartland”– Quebec (French) & Ontario (British)– 3 out of 5 Canadians live there– Quebec = largest land area– Ontario = largest population

The Prairie ProvincesThe Prairie Provinces

• Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta• Canada’s “breadbasket”

– Agricultural region– 50% of Canada’s agricultural production– 60% of Canada’s mineral resources

• Diverse population– Scots-Irish, German, Scandinavians, Ukrainians &

Poles– Alberta = most culturally diverse region in Canada

The Pacific Provinces and the The Pacific Provinces and the Territories Territories

• British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, & Nunavut