chp. 10 - photosynthesis. le 10-2 plants unicellular protist multicellular algaecyanobacteria purple...
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Chp. 10 - Photosynthesis
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LE 10-2
Plants
Unicellular protist
Multicellular algae Cyanobacteria
Purple sulfurbacteria
10 µm
1.5 µm
40 µm
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LE 10-3
Leaf cross sectionVein
Mesophyll
Stomata CO2O2
Mesophyll cellChloroplast
5 µm
Outermembrane
Intermembranespace
Innermembrane
Thylakoidspace
Thylakoid
GranumStroma
1 µm
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LE 10-7
Chloroplast
Light
Reflected light
Absorbed light
Transmitted light
Granum
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LE 10-6
Visible light
Gammarays
X-rays UV InfraredMicro-waves
Radiowaves
10–5 nm 10–3 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm1 m
(109 nm) 103 m
380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm
Longer wavelength
Lower energy
Shorter wavelength
Higher energy
Activity: Light and Pigments
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LE 10-8a
Whitelight
Refractingprism
Chlorophyllsolution
Photoelectrictube
Galvanometer
The high transmittance (low absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs very little green light.
Greenlight
Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength
0 100
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LE 10-8b
Whitelight
Refractingprism
Chlorophyllsolution
Photoelectrictube
The low transmittance (high absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs most blue light.
Bluelight
Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength
0 100
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LE 10-9a
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Carotenoids
Wavelength of light (nm)
Absorption spectra
Ab
sorp
tio
n o
f lig
ht
by
chlo
rop
last
pig
men
ts
400 500 600 700
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LE 10-9b
Action spectrum
Rat
e o
f p
ho
to-
syn
thes
is (
mea
sure
db
y O
2 re
leas
e)
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LE 10-4
Reactants:
Products:
6 CO2 12 H2O
C6H12O6 6 H2O 6 O2
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LE 10-5_3
H2O
LIGHTREACTIONS
Chloroplast
Light
ATP
NADPH
O2
NADP+
CO2
ADPP+ i
CALVINCYCLE
[CH2O](sugar)
Activity: Overview of Photosynthesis
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LE 10-14
ATP
Photosystem II
e–
e–
e–e–
MillmakesATP
e–
e–
e–
Ph
oto
n
Photosystem I
Ph
oto
n
NADPH
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LE 10-12
Thylakoid
Photon
Light-harvestingcomplexes
Photosystem
Reactioncenter
STROMA
Primary electronacceptor
e–
Transferof energy
Specialchlorophyll amolecules
Pigmentmolecules
THYLAKOID SPACE(INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID)
Th
ylak
oid
mem
bra
ne
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LE 10-13_5
LightP680
e–
Photosystem II(PS II)
Primaryacceptor
[CH2O] (sugar)
NADPH
ATP
ADPCALVINCYCLE
LIGHTREACTIONS
NADP+
Light
H2O CO2E
ner
gy
of
elec
tro
ns
O2
e–
e–
+2 H+
H2O
O21/2
Pq
Cytochromecomplex
Electron transport chain
Pc
ATP
P700
e–
Primaryacceptor
Photosystem I(PS I)
e–e–
ElectronTransportchain
NADP+
reductase
Fd
NADP+
NADPH
+ H+
+ 2 H+
Light
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LE 10-17
STROMA(Low H+ concentration)
Light
Photosystem IICytochrome
complex
2 H+
Light
Photosystem I
NADP+
reductase
Fd
PcPq
H2O O2
+2 H+
1/2
2 H+
NADP+ + 2H+
+ H+NADPH
ToCalvincycle
THYLAKOID SPACE(High H+ concentration)
STROMA(Low H+ concentration)
Thylakoidmembrane ATP
synthase
ATP
ADP+P
H+i
[CH2O] (sugar)O2
NADPH
ATP
ADP
NADP+
CO2H2O
LIGHTREACTIONS
CALVINCYCLE
Light
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LE 10-16
MITOCHONDRIONSTRUCTURE
Intermembranespace
MembraneElectrontransport
chain
Mitochondrion Chloroplast
CHLOROPLASTSTRUCTURE
Thylakoidspace
Stroma
ATP
Matrix
ATPsynthase
Key
H+ Diffusion
ADP + P
H+
i
Higher [H+]
Lower [H+]
Activity: Light Reactions
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LE 10-15
Photosystem I
Photosystem II ATP
Pc
Fd
Cytochromecomplex
Pq
Primaryacceptor
Fd
NADP+
reductase
NADP+
NADPH
Primaryacceptor
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LE 10-18_3
[CH2O] (sugar)O2
NADPH
ATP
ADP
NADP+
CO2H2O
LIGHTREACTIONS
CALVINCYCLE
Light Input
CO2
(Entering oneat a time)
Rubisco
3 P P
Short-livedintermediate
Phase 1: Carbon fixation
6 P
3-Phosphoglycerate6 ATP
6 ADP
CALVINCYCLE
3
P P
Ribulose bisphosphate(RuBP)
3
6 NADP+
6
6 NADPH
P i
6 P
1,3-BisphosphoglycerateP
6 P
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)
P1
G3P(a sugar)Output
Phase 2:Reduction
Glucose andother organiccompounds
3
3 ADP
ATP
Phase 3:Regeneration ofthe CO2 acceptor(RuBP) P5
G3P
Activity: Calvin Cycle
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LE 10-19
Photosyntheticcells of C4 plantleaf
Mesophyll cell
Bundle-sheathcell
Vein(vascular tissue)
C4 leaf anatomy
StomaBundle-sheathcell
Pyruvate (3 C)
CO2
Sugar
Vasculartissue
CALVINCYCLE
PEP (3 C)
ATP
ADP
Malate (4 C)
Oxaloacetate (4 C)
The C4 pathway
CO2PEP carboxylase
Mesophyllcell
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LE 10-20
Bundle-sheathcell
Mesophyllcell Organic acid
C4
CO2
CO2
CALVINCYCLE
Sugarcane Pineapple
Organic acidsrelease CO2 toCalvin cycle
CO2 incorporatedinto four-carbonorganic acids(carbon fixation)
Organic acid
CAM
CO2
CO2
CALVINCYCLE
Sugar
Spatial separation of steps Temporal separation of steps
Sugar
Day
Night
Activity: Phtosyn. in Dry Climates
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LE 10-21
Light
CO2H2O
Light reactions Calvin cycle
NADP+
RuBP
G3PATP
Photosystem IIElectron transport
chainPhotosystem I
O2
Chloroplast
NADPH
ADP+ P i
3-Phosphoglycerate
Starch(storage)
Amino acidsFatty acids
Sucrose (export)