chordata: urochordata and cephalochordata joycelin luc michelle chen
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Chordata: Chordata: Urochordata and Urochordata and CephalochordataCephalochordata
Joycelin LucJoycelin Luc
Michelle ChenMichelle Chen
http://www.glaucus.org.uk/diazona0.JPGhttp://research.myfwc.com/images/gallery/20060309_140447_23656.jpg
Intro to Chordata Intro to Chordata
Have a Have a notochordnotochord Have a Have a dorsal nerve corddorsal nerve cord => develops into => develops into
central nervous system (brain and spinal central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)cord)
Most have Most have pharyngeal cleftspharyngeal clefts and and pharyngeal slitspharyngeal slits
Usually have a Usually have a post-anal tailpost-anal tail
Michelle Chen
Common NamesCommon NamesUrochordataUrochordata
TunicateTunicate sea squirts sea squirts sea porksea pork
Cephalochordata Cephalochordata LanceletsLancelets amphioxus amphioxus
(means “both (means “both ends pointed”)ends pointed”)
Joycelin Luc
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/urochordata.html (left pic)
http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/Lancelet.JPG (right pic)
UrochordataUrochordata
http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Ascidian_metamorphosis_2.gif
Michelle Chen
CephalochordataCephalochordata
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16labman05/lb7pg1_files/amphioxsis.jpg
Michelle Chen
Body Cavity and Body Body Cavity and Body symmetrysymmetry
Coelom Coelom presentpresent in both the Urochordata in both the Urochordata and Cephalochordata subphlya and Cephalochordata subphlya
bilaterianbilaterian (bilaterally symmetrical) (bilaterally symmetrical) Body consists of myoepithelial and Body consists of myoepithelial and
Epithelial cells Epithelial cells
Michelle Chen
Nervous System & Nervous System & Sensory FeaturesSensory Features PresentPresent consisting of brain and consisting of brain and
spinal cordspinal cord in Urochordata, nervous system in Urochordata, nervous system
disintegrates when it reaches adult disintegrates when it reaches adult stage stage
Michelle Chenhttp://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/142007_Urochordata.jpg
Circulatory SystemCirculatory SystemUrochordataUrochordata
Blood contains high Blood contains high concentration of concentration of vandium and lithiumvandium and lithium
Open circulatory Open circulatory systemsystem
Ventral heartVentral heart
CephalochordataCephalochordata Closed blood systemClosed blood system Main ventral and Main ventral and
paired dorsal aorta paired dorsal aorta No central heart, but No central heart, but
consists of branchesconsists of branches lacks hemoglobin lacks hemoglobin
and is colorless and is colorless Has Atria cavityHas Atria cavity
http://faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/animalstructure/outlines/chordata.html
Joycelin Luc
Digestive & Excretory Digestive & Excretory SystemSystem
UrochordataUrochordata Draws food through Draws food through
siphon into atrium from siphon into atrium from pharyngeal slitspharyngeal slits
Food filtered by mucous Food filtered by mucous netnet
Moves to esophagus Moves to esophagus through cilia through cilia
Exits excurrent siphon Exits excurrent siphon
CephalochordataCephalochordata Uses Uses cilia pumpingcilia pumping
to move food to move food particles from slitparticles from slit
Trap food in pharynxTrap food in pharynx
Michelle Chen
Locomotion/ Musculature Locomotion/ Musculature
UrochordataUrochordata Juvenile: tail Juvenile: tail
muscles; gravity and muscles; gravity and light sensitive cellslight sensitive cells
Adult: attach to a Adult: attach to a substrate substrate sessilesessile
CephalochordataCephalochordata Contraction of Contraction of
muscles arranged in muscles arranged in a <<<< structure -> a a <<<< structure -> a side to side side to side undulation to move undulation to move forwardforward
SomitesSomites
Michelle Chen
UrochordataUrochordata Juvenile: tail Juvenile: tail
muscles; gravity and muscles; gravity and light sensitive cellslight sensitive cells
Adult: attach to a Adult: attach to a substrate substrate sessilesessile
Skeletal TypeSkeletal Type
Joycelin Luc
UrochordataUrochordata Notochord (some Notochord (some
have spicule when have spicule when young)young)
adult: attach to adult: attach to rock rock
CephalochordataCephalochordata Develops dorsal, Develops dorsal,
hollow never cord hollow never cord Post-anal tail Post-anal tail
ReproductionReproduction
UrochordataUrochordata HermaphroditesHermaphrodites Eggs kept inside until Eggs kept inside until
hatchhatch Sperm released into Sperm released into
H2OH2O
CephalochordataCephalochordata Gonochoristic: sex Gonochoristic: sex
separateseparate Sperm and eggs Sperm and eggs
released into waterreleased into water Fertilization is Fertilization is
externalexternal
Joycelin Luc
Gas ExchangeGas Exchange
Uses cilia to regulate the gasesUses cilia to regulate the gases Pharynx and pharyngeal slits regulate the Pharynx and pharyngeal slits regulate the
gas exchange (across external body gas exchange (across external body surface)surface)
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Other unique featuresOther unique features
Urochordata = very few natural predatorsUrochordata = very few natural predators Invasive speciesInvasive species Form coloniesForm colonies
Joycelin Luc
QuizQuiz
1. What are the four basic features that 1. What are the four basic features that separate Chordata from other phyla?separate Chordata from other phyla?
2. Name one difference between Urochordata 2. Name one difference between Urochordata and Cephalochordata.and Cephalochordata.
3. How do adult sea squirts move? What about 3. How do adult sea squirts move? What about adult lancelets?adult lancelets?
4. How are the reproductive methods for 4. How are the reproductive methods for Urochordata and Cephalochordata Urochordata and Cephalochordata different? different?
Joycelin Luc
THE END!!!THE END!!!