cholera kate ferriola-bruckenstein. cholera is an acute infection of the small intestine
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CHOLERA
Kate Ferriola-Bruckenstein
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Cholera is an acute infection of the small intestine
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Cholera is an acute infection of the small intestine
• Extreme dehydration
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Cholera is an acute infection of the small intestine
• Extreme dehydration
• 100,000-120,000 deaths per year
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The cause of cholera was identified byRobert Koch in 1883
• Vibrio cholerae
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We have known about the diseasefor almost 200 years
• India-1817
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Cholera is spread by ingestion of contaminated food or water
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Cholera is spread by ingestion of contaminated food or water
Because of modern sanitation and treatment of drinking water it’s not an issue in the developed world
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However, cholera remains an issue for much of the developing world
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Cholera lives in the intestine, not inside its cells, and its toxin is the problem
• Bacterium secrete Cholera Toxin
• CT binds to and is endocytosed into host intestinal epithelial cells
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• CT causes adenylate cyclase to continually produce the signaling molecule cAMP
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• high cAMP levels repeatedly activate a pump in the plasma membrane
This causes…
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Cells pump out chloride and sodium ions, water and electrolytes
This causes diarrhea, loss of electrolytes, and dehydration
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75% of those infected do not develop any symptoms
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Of the other 25%...
– 20% get life-threatening symptoms
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Cholera is easily treated in many parts of the world
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Cholera is easily treated in many parts of the world
– <1% death rate with proper treatment
• RehydrationIs the key!
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Cholera antibiotics and vaccines are not commonly recommended
•resistance • low efficacy
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The problem is getting care to underdeveloped nations with limited resources
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Prevention is easy in the developed world
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Prevention is more difficult in parts of the developing world
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Sources• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/index.html
http://www.ehow.com/about_5435942_life-cycle-vibrio-cholerae.html#ixzz16upUvgP9
• http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Cholera • http://www.ehow.com/about_5519581_life-cycle-cholera.html#ixzz16uqqHTl3• http://www.medicalecology.org/water/cholera/cholera.htm • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/
cftr.shtml • http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/12/01/nl-haiti-
clinic-1201.html• http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/treatment/en/index.html • http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/cholera-dictionary.htm• http://www.medicalecology.org/water/cholera/cholera.htm• http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/control/en/index.html
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Image Sources• http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/2010/08/sickness-makes-you-stupid.html • http://blogs.bet.com/news/newsyoushouldknow/tag/cholera/• http://hubpages.com/hub/Prevention-and-Treatment-for-Cholera• http://www.icm.tn.gov.in/idsp3.html • http://www.africaneeds.org/diseases.html• http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/aug/24/zimbabwe-new-cholera-outbreak• http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2005_9/Page2.htm• http://stylish-moms.com/?cat=142• http://iuhuru.com/2010/11/cholera-kills-800-haiti/• http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/africa/jan-june09/zimbabwe_01-14.html• http://centre.icddrb.org/news/index.jsp?idDetails=127&typeOfNews=News%20and
%20Events• http://www.vabiotechvn.com/english/?act=sanphamin&code=detail&idcat=4&id=17• http://www.cambridgenetwork.co.uk/object/news/52115/img/cholera%20hospital.jpg• http://www.ferret.com.au/c/CST-Wastewater-Solutions/CST-Wastewater-Solutions-inlet-scree
n-and-grit-removal-package-plant-deployed-at-Matamata-Piako-District-Council-n831901• http://www.mediadump.com/hosted-id62-ten-filthiest-cities-in-the-world.html