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DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SRM UNIVERSITY

Kattankulathur – 603 203

CURRICULUM – 2008 - 2009 Course : M.Tech. (Power Systems)

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

Sl. No.

Category Credits I

Sem. II

Sem. III

Sem. IV

Sem. Category

Total 1 Core courses 12 12 0 0 24 2 Optional / elective

courses 3 3 9 0 15

3 Supportive courses 3 3 0 0 6 4 Seminar 0 0 1 0 1 5 Project work 0 0 6 18 24

Total 18 18 16 18 70 Core Subjects: 1. PS0523 Power System Modeling & Analysis – I, 3-1-0-4 2. PS0525 Power Control & Operation – I, 3-1-0-4 3. PS0522 Power System Modeling & Analysis – II, 3-1-0-4 4. PS0524 Power System Control & Operation – II, 3-1-0-4 5. PS0527 Power System Protection, 3-1-0-4 6. PS0526 EHVAC & HVDC Transmission, 3-1-0-4 7. PS0574 Power Distribution System 8. PS0572 Power System Reliability & Planning, 3-1-0-4 Optional / Elective subjects Program Electives 1. PS0521 System Theory, 3-0-0-3 2. PS0576 Insulation Technology, 3-0-0-3 3. PS0580 Digital Signal Processing, 3-0-0-3 4. PS0671 Static and Digital Relaying of Power Systems, 3-0-0-3 5. PS0673 Electrical Transients in Power Systems, 3-0-0-3 6. PS0675 Reactive Power compensation in Power System, 3-0-0-3 7. PS0677 Power Line Carrier Communication, 3-0-0-3 8. PS0681 Power Quality Management, 3-0-0-3 9. PS0552 Flexible AC Transmission Systems, 3-0-0-3 10. PS0554 Intelligent Controllers, 3-0-0-3 11. PS0556 High voltage direct current transmission, 3-0-0-3 12. PS0621 Advanced Topics in Power Systems, 3-0-0-3

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Supportive courses: 1. MA0511 Applied Mathematics for Electrical Engineers, 3-0-0-3 2. PS0575 Object Oriented Programming Applications in Power Systems,

3-0-0-3 3. PS0578 ANN Applied to Power Systems, 3-0-0-3 4. PS0573 Fuzzy Logic and Expert Systems of Power Systems, 3-0-0-3 Seminar 1. PS0530 Seminar, 0-0-2-1 Project Work 1. PS0623 Project work Phase – I, 0-0-12-6 2. PS0622 Project work phase – II, 0-0-36-18 Total Credits : 70

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CORE SUBJECTS PS0523 POWER SYSTEM MODELING &

ANALYSIS – I L T P C 3 1 0 4

PURPOSE To enable the students to develop the understanding of power system components modeling and steady state analysis of power system. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To understand the concept of power system studies in planning and analysis.

• To mathematically model power system components like synchronous machine, transformer and transmission line

• To utilize these models in power system steady state analysis. Overview of power system modeling for various studies –Distinction between steady state, Quasi steady state and transient modeling of power systems – Generation system planning – transmission system planning – steady state and transient analysis – load forecasting Overview - mathematics for basic power system analysis – algebraic equation – differential algebraic equation – differential equation, numerical solution of algebraic equations – Gauss elimination method and bifactorization method – sparsity techniques for large system – sparsity oriented network solution. Bus classification, Power flow model using Y bus computational aspects of power flow problem – Gauss Seidel iterative technique – Newton Raphson method – Fast decoupled power flow method – Multi area power flow analysis with tie line control –contingency & sensitivity analysis. Special purpose power flow studies – Harmonic Power flow, three Phase load flow, distribution power flow. Optimal power flow using Newton’s method & interior point method. Symmetrical short circuit analysis, Symmetrical components and sequence impedances. Algorithm for symmetrical fault analysis using Z bus – Unsymmetrical fault analysis using symmetrical components – Algorithm for unsymmetrical fault analysis using Z bus – limitations. Physical description of synchronous machine – Mathematical description of a synchronous machine – dqo transformation – Per unit representation – Equivalent circuit – Steady state analysis – transient performance characteristics – Magnetic saturation – simplified model with damper neglected – classical

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model – constant flux linkage model including the effect of sub transient circuits. Study using simulation softwares for the above problems- power flow, short circuit, transient stability studies of power systems. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Stagg.G.W. & Abiad. A.H., “Computer methods in Power Systems

Analysis”, McGraw ill International Editions, 1968. 2. Elgerd.Olle L., “Electric Energy systems theory An Introduction”, Tata Mc

Graw Hill Edition,1982 3. George L.Kusic, “Computer Aided Power Systems Analysis”, Prentice Hall

of India Ltd.,1986. 4. John J. Grainger & Stevenson .D, “Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill

International Editions,1994 5. Singh L.P., ”Advanced power system analysis”, Wiley Eastern

Limited,1986. 6. Kundur. P “Power system stability and control”, McGraw Hill, 1994. PS0525 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL &

OPERATION - I L T P C 3 1 0 4

PURPOSE To enable the students acquire a comprehensive idea on various aspects of power system optimization and control. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To acquire the knowledge on optimal power flow problem formulation and its solution method.

• To understand about the unit commitment problem and various solution techniques.

• To enrich knowledge in various aspects of Generating units, turbine and boilers.

Review of economic dispatch problem – calculation using B-matrix loss formula – use of participation factors in on – line dispatch – limitations of λ iteration methods – implementation strategy. Real and Reactive power control variables - operation and security constraints and their limits – General OPF problems with different objectives – cost minimization using Dommel and Tinney’s method, SLP method – MVAR

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planning – optimal siting and sizing of capacitors using SLP – interchange evaluation. Problem definition – long and short term problem formulation – optimal scheduling of hydrothermal system – mathematical formulation, solution by dynamic and incremental dynamic programming methods of local variation – pumped hydro for load management. Unit commitment – constraints – solutions by priority list methods – dynamic programming method – backward and forward restricted search range. Factors considered in maintenance scheduling for generating units ,turbine – boilers – introduction to maintenance scheduling using mathematical programming.

REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Elgerd O.I, “Electric energy systems theory-An Introduction”, Tata McGraw

Hill, 1982. 2. Murthy P.S.R, “Power system operation and control”, Tata McGraw

Hill,1987. 3. Allan J Wood and Bruce F Wollenberg, “Power generation and control”,

John Wiley and Sons, 1984. 4. Kirchmayer.L,”Economic operation of power systems”, John Wiley and

Sons, New York, 1958.

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PS0522 POWER SYSTEM MODELING &

ANALYSIS – II L T P C 3 1 0 4

Pre-requisite – Power System Modeling & Analysis – I

PURPOSE To enable the students to develop understanding of power system components modeling and transient analysis in power system. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To understand the concept of power system components modeling • To utilize these models in power system small signal and transient

stability analysis. Review of machine modeling – classification of power system stability – small signal stability analysis of SMIB – classical machine – Type I machine.

Excitation systems requirement – Types of excitation systems – Dynamic performance measures – Control and protective functions - Modeling of Excitation systems – IEEE simulation models. Small signal stability analysis including excitation system - Power system stabilizer on small signal stability – small signal stability of multimachine systems – analysis of large systems- characteristics of small signal stability problems. Methods of improving small signal stability. Transient stability analysis – solution methods of DA systems – simultaneous – implicit method – dommel –sato algorithm involving classical and Type I machine – interfacing excitation system model with transient stability algorithm. Hydraulic turbines and governing systems – Steam turbines and governing systems – Thermal energy systems – IEEE simulation model – interfacing of steam and hydro turbine-governor model. Static var systems – configuration – TCR + FC - TSC and interfacing with transient stability algorithm – induction motor modeling and interfacing with transient algorithm – method of improving transient stability . Modeling and analysis of excitation systems, turbines, SVS using simulation software. REFERENCE BOOKS

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1. Kundur.P, “ Power System Stability and Control”, McGraw Hill Publishing Company, Newyork, 1994.

2. Anderson P.M and Fouad A.A, “ Power System Control and Stability”,Galgotia Publications, NewDelhi,1981

3. G.W.Stagg and A.H.El.Abiad,”Computer Methods in Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill Newyork,1968.

4. IEEE recommended practice for excitation system models for power system stability studies, IEEE standard 421.5, 1992.

5. Kimbark.E.W., “Power System Stability”, Vol.III, Synchronous Machines, John Wiley and Sons 1956.

PS0524 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL &

OPERATION – II L T P C 3 1 0 4

Pre – requisite : Power System control & Operation – I

PURPOSE To enable the students acquire knowledge on state estimation and security control of power system. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To understand the concept of load frequency control and voltage control on

power system and its static and dynamic characteristics. • To understand the various aspects of monitoring and security control of

power system • To learn about computational aspects of state estimation , bad data

identification and elimination. Automatic generation control – plant and system level control – ALFC of single area system – modeling – static and transient response – ALFC of multi area system – modeling – static and transient response of two area system – development of state variable model of two area system – digital load frequency controller – Decentralized control Primary and secondary voltage control – automatic voltage control – modeling of AVR loop – static and dynamic analysis – stability compensation – system level voltage control using OLTC –reactive power injection – secondary control using ANN. Basic concepts – classification of security states – factors affecting power system security – security control – corrective, preventive, emergency, restorative control – single contingency analysis using line outage distribution

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factors and generation shift factors for linearised AC and DC model – fast contingency analysis algorithm for non linear AC model - contingency ranking – security indices – system under severe upsets and islanding. Computer control of Power system, System monitoring, Power system control centers – equipment & interfaces – dual computer configuration, organization & functions – SCADA system. Data acquisition – Block diagram of a typical microprocessor based data acquisition system – Data transmission & acquisition system – Data transmission & telemetry – functions of SCADA. Maximum Likelihood weighted least squares estimation – Computational aspects – approximations to reduce computations – external system equivalency – Fast decoupled state estimation – State estimation using dc model of power system – Weighted least absolute value state estimation – detection, identification & suppression of bad measurement – Network Observability Pseudo measurements, Virtual measurements – Stability & Robustness of estimation algorithms. Tracking state estimation – Algorithm & computational aspects study of ALFC and AVR modeling using simulation softwares. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Mahalanabis.A.K, Kothari.D.P and Ahson, “Computer Aided Power

System Analysis and Control”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Ltd.,1984. 2. Wood A.J. & Wollenberg B.F, “Power Generation, Operation & Control”,

John Wiley & sons, 1984. 3. Wood A.J. & Wollenberg – Power Generation & Operation for security”,

John Wiley & sons.1984. 4. George .L. Kusic, “ Computer Aided Power System Analysis”, Prentice

Hall of India Limited.1986. 5. Kundur.P, “ Power System Stability & Control”, EPRI Publications.1994

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PS0527 POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

L T P C 3 1 0 4

PURPOSE To impart knowledge on various aspects of protective relaying for power system components INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To learn about various types of protective relays for power system • To acquire an in-depth knowledge on the protection of transmission

lines and generators • To understand the concept of digital protection and computer relaying

for power system . Review of basic protection – Static relays – advantages – Basic construction – characteristics of protective relays – Phase & amplitude comparators – Over current relays – different types of time – Over current relays – differential protection scheme. Transmission line protection – fault clearing times – Types of distance relays – Evaluation of distance relay performance during swings – prevention of tripping during transient conditions – automatic re-closing – Three-zone protection. Protection of generators – Stator protection – rotor protection – generator out-of-step protection – protection of transformers – Magnetizing in-rush current Buchholz relay – over fluxing protection. Nature of system response to serve upsets – frequency actuated schemes for load shedding and islanding. Microprocessor based protective relays – Development of Computer relaying – Benefits of computer relaying – Computer relay architecture – Substation computer hierarchy. Modeling, analysis and simulation of protection systems using advanced software such as CAPE. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Madhava Rao.T.S, “Power System protection :Static relay with

Microprocessor applications”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1989.

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2. Ram.B, Viswakarma.D.N, “Power System Protection and Switch Gear”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1995.

3. Ram.B, “Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcomputers” Dhanpat Rai & Sons, 1985.

4. Kundur.P, “Power System Stability and Control”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1994. PS0526 EHVAC & HVDC TRANSMISSION L T P C

3 1 0 4 PURPOSE To elicit the advantages of EHV AC and HVDC transmission systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To understand the various aspects of EHV AC and HVDC system and its

operation. • To understand about the harmonics and its effects on power system. Introduction to EHV AC and HVDC transmission-Comparison between HVAC and HVDC overhead and underground transmission schemes-Break even distance-problems involved in EHVAC transmission. Bundled conductors-Surface voltage gradient on single, double and more than three conductor bundles-Effects of corona-power loss-charge voltage diagram with corona-attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss-noise generation and their characteristics-corona pulses, their generation and properties (qualitative study only) – problems of EHV AC transmission at power frequency. HVDC Transmission- Rectification and inversion process a brief introduction - constant current and constant extinction angle modes of operation- DC transmission system – harmonics on AC and DC sides - filters for their suppression – multi terminal DC transmission systems-parallel operation of AC and DC transmission – voltage stability in AC/DC systems – recent trends in HVDC transmission. Design of EHV lines-Design factors under steady state-steady state limits-line insulation coordination based upon transient over voltages-design examples. EHV Cable transmission - Characteristics of EHV cables – desired properties of cable insulation materials -design basis of cable insulation. EHV testing – standard specifications and standard wave shapes for testing-general lay out of EHV laboratory.

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REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Begamudre R.D , “Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering”,

Wiley Eastern Ltd., second edition,1991. 2. Padiyar K.R, “HVDC Power Transmission system technology and System

Interaction” , New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers,1990. PS0574 POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM L T P C

3 1 0 4 PURPOSE To enable the student acquire a comprehensive idea on various aspects of power distribution systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To acquire the knowledge on power distribution systems, planning, design and operation.

• To understand the aspects of system protection and maintenance. • To optimize the distribution systems.

Load and Energy forecasting preliminary surveys, Statistical methods, System study, Factors in Power system loading, Future distribution systems. Planning, Design and operation methodology, System calculations load flow, effect of abnormal loads, voltage control, load variations system losses. Over head and under ground lines. Choice of system, design of overhead lines. Line accessories. Under ground system. Cable ratings. Thermo Mechanical effects in cable system. Selection of cables. Fault location. System protection and maintenance. Fuses, Switching devices and circuit breakers, Protective relaying. Protective schemes. Maintenance of lines and transformers. Maintenance methods and costs. System over voltages and protection. Optimization of Distribution systems, cost of schemes, Long and short term planning, Network cost modeling, Economic loading of distribution transformers, Power capacitors, Size and location. REFERENCE BOOKS

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1. Pabla. A.S., “Electric power distribution systems”, Tata McGraw Hill,1992.

2. Turen Gonen, “Electric Distribution systems engineering”, Mcgraw Hill International,1986.

3. Glenn W. Stagg and EI-Abiad., “Computer methods in Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill International,1968.

4. Miller T.J E, “Reactive Power control in Electric Systems”, John Wiley and Sons.

5. Cotton.H, “The Transmission and distribution of Electrical Energy”, The English Universities Press.

6. Uppal.S.L , “Electric Power”, Khanna Publishers,1998. PS0572 POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY &

PLANNING L T P C 3 1 0 4

PURPOSE The students acquire a comprehensive idea on the various aspects of planning and reliability on power system. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To acquire knowledge about the various aspects of load forecasting. • To learn about the concept of reliability analysis on generation system

planning, transmission system planning and expansion planning and distribution system planning.

Load Forecasting- objectives of forecasting –load growth patterns and their importance in planning – load forecasting based on discounted multiple regression technique – weather sensitive load forecasting – determination of annual load forecasting – use of AI in load forecasting. Generation system Reliability Analysis-Probabilistic generation and load models – determination of LOLP and expected value of demand not served – determination of reliability of isolated and interconnected generation systems. Transmission system - Reliability Analysis-Deterministic contingency analysis- probabilistic load flow – fuzzy load flow – probabilistic transmission system reliability analysis – determination of reliability indices like LOLP and expected value of demand not served. Expansion Planning-Basic concepts on expansion planning – procedure followed for integrated transmission system planning, capacitor placement problem in transmission system and radial distribution system.

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Distribution System Planning - Overview-Introduction, subtransmission lines and distribution substation - design of primary and secondary systems – distribution system protection and coordination of protective devices. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Sullivan R.L, “Power System Planning”, McGraw Hill, New York, 1977. 2. Roy Billington & Allan Ronald, “Power system Reliability”, Pitman

advanced publishing program,1986. 3. Turan Gonen, “Electric power distribution system Engineering”, McGraw

Hill, 1986.

OPTIONAL / ELECTIVE COURSES PROGRAM ELECTIVES

PS0521 SYSTEM THEORY L T P C 3 0 0 3

Purpose To impart students to have a fair knowledge about the use of advanced mathematical techniques in Control Engineering problems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To gain knowledge about state variable representation models • To understand reduction techniques and realization of transfer functions. • To get exposed to state space design and analysis of non-linear systems. Normalisation of differential equations. Introduction to state variable representation models of linear continuous time system solution of state equation by various methods. Diagonalization of matrices. Calculation of generalized eigen vectors. Reduction to canonical and Jordan’s canonical form. Gilberts and Kalman’s test for controllability and observability Impulse response and transfer function matrices. Properties of transfer functions, reducibility, Realization of transfer functions. Controllability and observability canonical forms. State space design. Controllable and observable companion forms. Design by state feedback and pole placements.

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Non linear systems. Phase plane analysis method of isoclines equilibrium points stability concepts and definitions. Lyaponouv’s stability criteria- Routh Hourwitz stability criteria. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Gopal .M,”Modern control theory”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1993. 2. Doebelin,E.O, “Control systems Principles and Design”, John Wiley,1990. 3. Gopal .M,”Digital control and state variable methods”, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,

1993. 4. Ogata .K,”Modern Control Engineering” 4th Edition Prentice Hall 1997. 5. Nagarath.I.J. and Gopal.M, “Control system Engineering”, Wiley Eastern

1993. PS0576 INSULATION TECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3 PURPOSE The students acquire knowledge in various insulating materials and its properties and their choice. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To understand the properties of various insulating materials • To study about the breakdown mechanism in various dielectric materials Requirements for insulating materials – electrical properties – molecular properties of dielectrics – dependence of permittivity on temperature, pressure, humidity and voltage – permittivity of mixtures – practical importance of permittivity-behavior of dielectrics under alternating fields – complex dielectric constants-bipolar relaxation and dielectric loss – dielectric strength. Behavior of gaseous dielectrics in electric fields-gaseous discharges-different ionization processes-effect of electrodes on gaseous discharge – Townsend’s theory – streamer theory – electronegative gases and their influence on gaseous discharge – Townsend’s criterion for spark break down-gaseous discharges in non-uniform fields – breakdown in vacuum insulation. Intrinsic breakdown of solid dielectrics – electromechanical breakdown – streamer breakdown and thermal breakdown of solid dielectrics – erosion-electrochemical breakdown – tracking in dielectrics and treeing.

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Electronic breakdown of – cavitation breakdown of liquid dielectrics – suspended particle theory of breakdown of liquid dielectrics. Natural inorganic insulating materials – synthetic inorganic insulating materials – natural organic insulating materials – synthetic organic insulating materials. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Adrianus, J.Dekker, “Electrical Engineering materials”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1979.

2. Van Vlack, “Elements of materials science”, Addison Wesley, 1964 3. Kuffel, E., Zaengl, W.S. and Kuffel J., “High Voltage Engineering

Fundamentals”, Newness, Second Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann Publishers, New Delhi, 2000

4. Dissado. L.A., Fothergill. J.C, “Electrical Degradation and Breakdown in Polymers”, Peter Peregrinus, 1992.

PS0580 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING L T P C

3 0 0 3 PURPOSE To impart knowledge on various aspects of Digital Signal Processing techniques. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To learn about various discrete signals and its properties. • To get a brief idea on the design of digital filters and its application on

signal processing. Characteristics and classification of signals – examples of signals – multichannel – multi-dimensional – continuous versus discrete – analog versus digital – concepts of signal processing – advantages of digital signal processing over analog processing. Discrete time signals – Linearity, shift invariance – sequences – Stability and causality – Frequency domain response – Z-transform – Theorems & properties – Structure for discrete time system – direct, cascade and parallel, ladder. Discrete fourier series – Properties – Sampling Z-transformer – discrete fourier transform – properties – Linear & circular convolution – Decimation-in-time and decimation–in–frequency - FFT algorithms.

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Introduction – Properties of IIR filter – Design of IIR filters – Impulse invariance & Bilinear transformation techniques – Properties FIR filters – Design of FIR -filters using windows – Comparison of IIR & FIR digital filters. Introduction – A/D quantisation noise – Co-efficient quantisation – Quantization in sampling analog signals – overflow errors – product round off errors – limit cycles due to product round off – finite word length effects in IIR and FIR filters, discrete fourier transform. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W.Schafer, “Digital signal processing”, Prentice Hall of India pvt Ltd.,2002.

2. John G.Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, “Digital signal processing”, Prentice Hall of India pvt Ltd.,third edition.1996.

3. Sanjit K.Mitra, “Digital signal processing”, Tata Mc Graw Hill,.1998. 4. Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W.Schafer, “Discrete-time signal processing”,

Prentice Hall of India pvt Ltd.,1998.

PS0671 STATIC & DIGITAL RELAYING OF POWER SYSTEMS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To understand and evaluate the performance of digital relaying circuits of power systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• The student identify the various static circuits for different types of relays.

• The student understand about microprocessor based implementation of various types of relays.

Philosophy of power system protection and its requirements conventional Vs static relays generalized characteristics and operation equations of relays-steady state and transient performance of signal driving elements – signal mixing techniques and measuring techniques CTs and PTs in relaying schemes- saturation effects stabilizing resistors. Static relay circuits using analog and digital ICs for over current, differential and directional relays. Static relay circuits for generator loss of field, under frequency, distance, impedance, reactance, mho and reverse power relays.

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Static relay circuits for pilot wire and carrier current protection – steady state and transient behavior of static relays- testing and maintenance of relays – tripping circuits using thyristors, Microprocessor based relays hardware and software for the measurement of voltage, current, frequency and phase angle- microprocessor based implementation of over current, directional, impedance and mho relays. Digital protection techniques-Introduction advantages, basic protection process and basic protection schemes. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Van C Warringlon, “Protective Relays – Their Theory and Practice Vols. I & II”, Champman & Hall Ltd., London, 1969.

2. Madhava Rao. T.S., “Power system Protection –Static Relays”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1984.

PS0673 ELECTRICAL TRANSIENTS IN POWER

SYSTEMS L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To enable the student understand the various types of power system transients and its impact on power system stability. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To understand the various types of transients and its analysis in power

system. • To learn about the various protective devices against transients. Introduction and survey-Review of various types of power system transients – effects of transients on power system – relevance of the study and computation of power system transients. Lightning Surges-Electrification of thunderclouds – lightning current surges – lightning current parameters and their values – stroke to tower and midspan – induced lightning surges. Switching Surges – Closing and reclosing of lines – load rejection – fault initiation – fault clearing – short line faults – Ferro – resonance – isolator switching surges – temporary overvoltages – surges on an integrated system – switching – harmonics.

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Computation of transients in conversion equipment.-Travelling wave methods – Beweley’s Lattice diagram – analysis in time and frequency domain – eigen value approach – Z-transform-EMTP software. Insulation Co-ordination - Over voltage protective devices – shielding wires, rod gaps, surge diverters - Zno surge arresters – principles of insulation co-ordination recent advancements in insulation co – ordination – design of EHV lines. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Allan Greenwood, “Electrical Transients in Power systems”, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1971.

2. Klaus Ragaller, “Surges in High Voltages Networks”, Plenum Press, New York, 1980.

3. Diesendorf. W, “Over Voltages on High Voltage Systems”, Reselaer Book store, Troy, New York, 1971.

4. Paterson H.A, “Transients in Power Systems”, Dover Publications, New York, 1963.

5. .Rakosh Des Begamudre, “Extra high Voltage AC Transmission Engineering”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1990.

PS0675 REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

IN POWER SYSTEMS L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To list and describe the various methods of reactive power compensation in power systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To understand the concept of reactive power management and various methods of control employed in power systems.

• To understand its performance under static and dynamic conditions Introduction-objectives in load compensation – ideal compensator – practical consideration – Fundamental theory of compensation – Approximate reactive power characteristics – load compensator as a voltage regulator – phase balancing and power factor correction of unsymmetrical loads. Theory of steady state reactive power compensation in electric transmission systems: Introduction – uncompensated transmission lines – compensated transmission lines – passive shunt compensation – series compensation- dynamic shunt compensation.

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Reactive power compensation and the dynamic performance of transmission systems:-Introduction – dynamic performance of systems with different types of compensation – passive shunt compensation – static compensators – synchronous condensers – series capacitor compensators. Principle of static compensators:-Compensator applications – the types, thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) and related types of compensator –thyristor controlled high impedance transformer – the thyristor switched capacitor – saturated reactor compensators – an example of a modern static compensator Harmonics:-Introduction – harmonic sources –effect of harmonics on electrical equipment – resonance, shunt capacitors and filters – filter systems – telephone interference. Introduction-reactive power management – conclusions, Introduction to unified power flow controller, neuro fuzzy controller and expert system application to reactive control. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Miller.T.J.E., “Reactive power control in electric systems”, John Wiley and sons, New York.1997

2. Arrillaga.J, Bradley. D.A. and Bodger. P.S., “Reactive Power Compensation”,John Wiley and sons, New York,1989

3. Dubey G. K., “Thyristorized Power Controllers”, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2001.

PS0677 POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To enable the students understand the various aspects of power line carrier communication systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To acquire an indepth knowledge on various techniques adopted for communicating signals and its related circuitry.

• To learn about the different methods of power system communication coupling equipments and different modes of operations.

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Introduction, Modulation, Modulators and demodulators. Frequency translation Types of modulation like frequency amplitude, Phase, Pulse width, pulse amplitude, pulse code etc. Noise, Crosstalk and it’s cause, impedance matching, repeaters. Echo suppressors, Phantom circuits. Signal to noise ratio, Multiplexing. Carrier Equipment, Alternators Equalizes, Inverse impedances, Filters, constant K type, High pass low pass band pass and band stop types, m-derived filters composite and directional filters Introduction, Alternate methods of power system communication coupling Equipment. Mode of coupling to power lines, compounds, frequency multiplication , Harmonic Generation Frequency division. Essential units of a power line carrier system, Power level, Properties of power lines at carrier frequencies Modulation methods, Assignment of frequency, Modes of operation. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Biswas.N.N., “Principles of Carrier communication”, Media Promotors and publishers private. Ltd., Bombay,1986

2. Schwart M, “Information, Transmission Modulation and Noise”, McGraw Hill International.1981

3. Guiliemen, “Communications Networks”, Vol.I . Johh Wiley,1991

PS0681 POWER QUALITY MANAGEMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To enable the student acquire knowledge on various power quality issues and its management. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To acquire an indepth knowledge on various power quality issues like voltage sag, interruption and harmonics.

• To learn about various aspects of power quality measurements and power quality conditioners to suppress power system disturbances.

Power Quality phenomena – Basic terminologies – various events in Power Quality – Causes for reduction in Power Quality –– Power Quality Standards.

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Causes of voltage sags – magnitude & duration of voltage sags – effect on adjustable AC Drives, DC drives, computers & consumer electronics – monitoring & mitigation of voltage sags. Origin of Long & Short interruptions – influence on various equipments – reliability of power supply – basic reliability evaluation techniques – monitoring & mitigation of interruptions. Origin of harmonics – effect of harmonics on adjustable speed ac drives – harmonic reduction using PWM & harmonic injection. Interpretation & analysis of Power Quality Measurements – Active Filters as Power Quality Conditioners – Basic concept of Unified Power Quality Conditioners.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Math. H. J. Bollen, “Understanding Power Quality Problems – Voltage Sags & Interruptions”, IEEE Press, 2000.

2. David D. Shipp & William S. Vilcheck, “Power Quality & Line Considerations for Variable Speed AC Drives”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 32, March / April – 1996.

3. Po – Tai Cheng, Subhashish Bhattacharya & Deepak. D. Divan, “ Line Harmonics Reduction in High – Power Systems Using Square – Wave Inverters – Based Dominant Harmonic Active Filter”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 2, March 1999.

4. Hideaki Fujita & Hifofumi Akagi, “The Unified Power Quality Conditioner: The Integration of Series & Shunt Active Filters”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 13, No. 2, March 1998.

5. “Understanding Power Quality”, – Technical Note No. 1 from Integral Energy Power Quality Centre, University of Wollongong, June 1998.

6. “Harmonic Distortion in the electric supply system”, – Technical Note No. 3 from Integral Energy Power Quality Centre, University of Wollongong, March 2000.

PS0552 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION

SYSTEMS L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To enable the students acquire a comprehensive ideas on various aspects of FACTS systems.

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INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES To acquire the knowledge on Flexible AC Transmission System and its importance for FACTS devices. To understand the various FACTS controllers operation on FACTS systems. Electrical Transmission Network – Necessity – Power Flow in AC System – Power Flow and Dynamic stability considerations of a transmission interconnection – relative importance of controllable parameter – opportunities for FACTS – possible benefits for FACTS Technology – FACTS Controllers – Types, brief description and definitions Need for compensation – introduction to shunt and series compensation – objectives of shunt and series compensation – configuration and operating characteristics – Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) – Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) – Fixed Capacitor - Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC – TCR) – Comparison of TCR, TSC and FC – TCR Variable Impedance Type Series Compensators – Switching Converter Type Series Compensators Objectives of voltage and phase angle regulators – approaches to Thyristor – Controlled Voltage and Phase Angle Regulator STATCOM – Introduction to Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) – basic operating principles and control structure of UPFC – introduction to subsynchronous resonance – NGH – SSR damping scheme REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Narain G. Hingorani and Laszlo Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS – Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems”, Standard Publishers, New Delhi, 2001.

2. R. Mohan Mathur and Rajiv K. Varma, “Thyristor Based FACTS Controller for Electrical Transmission Systems”, Wiley Interscience Publications, 2002

3. Narain G. Hingorani, “Flexible AC Transmission”, IEEE Spectrum, April 1993, pp 40 – 45

4. Narain G. Hingorani, “High Power Electronics in Flexible AC Transmission”, IEEE Power Engineering Review, 1998

5. Elinar V. Larsen, Juan J Sanchez – Gasca Joe H. Chow, “Concepts for design of FACTS controllers to damp power swings”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995

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PS0554 INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To manifest students to apply the neural networks and fuzzy logic concepts in power electronics systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To get the ideas regarding activation function, learning rules and various

Neural networks. • To observe the knowledge of crisp set, fuzzy set and cardinality

operations. • To design controllers using Simulation Software fuzzy logic toolbox and

to model DC machines using the same.

Neural Networks – biological neurons – Artificial neurons – activation function – learning rules – feed forward networks – supervised learning – perceptron networks back propagation networks – learning factors – linear separability – Hopfield networks

Recurrent auto association memory – bi-directional associative memory – temporal – self – organising feature maps – adaptive resonance theory network –radial basis function networks Genetic Algorithms: Working principles – terminology – Importance of mutation – comparison with traditional methods – constraints and penalty function – GA operators – Real coded GAS.

Fuzzy set - Crisp set – vagueness – uncertainty and imprecision – fuzzy

set – fuzzy operation- properties – crisp versus fuzzy relations – fuzzy relation – cardinality operations, properties – fuzzy Cartesian product and composition – composition of fuzzy relations

Fuzzy to crisp conversion – Lambda cuts for fuzzy sets and relations –

definition methods – structure of fuzzy logic controller – database – rule base – Inference engine

Applications of Neural network and Fuzzy system for power system application. Designing using Simulation Software Fuzzy Logic Toolbox – Use of fuzzy logic, and Neural Network tool box for power system application. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Lawrence Fausatt, “Fundamentals of neural networks”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.

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2. Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, McGraw Hill International Edition, USA, 1997.

3. Bart kosko, “ Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.

4. Jack M.Zurada, “Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems”, Jaico publishing house 2006.

5. Zimmerman H.J. “Fuzzy set theory – and its applications”, Kluwer Academic Publishers 1994.

6. Simon Haykin, “Neural Networks – A comprehensive foundation”, Pearson Education Asia, 2002.

7. Kalyanmoy Deb, a optimization for engineering design, prentice hall of India 1988.

8. A.Goldberg, “Genetic Algorithms” -

PS0556 HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT TRANSMISSION

L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To mould students to acquire knowledge about HVDC Transmission systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • This course gives idea about modern trends in HVDC Transmission and

its application. • Complete analysis of harmonics and basis of protection for HVDC

Systems. Introduction to AC and DC Transmission – application of DC Transmission – description of DC transmission – DC system components and their functions – modern trends in DC Transmission Pulse Number – Converter configuration – analysis of Graetz circuit – converter bridge characteristics – characteristics of 12 Pulse converter General principle of DC link control – converter control characteristics – system control hierarchy – firing angle control – current and extinction angle control – DC link power control – high level controllers Introduction to harmonics – generation of harmonics – design of AC filters – DC filters – carrier frequency and RI noise Basics of protection – DC reactors – voltage and current oscillations – circuit breakers – over voltage protection – switching surges – lightning surges – lightning arresters for DC systems

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REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Padiyar. K. R., “HVDC Power Transmission Systems”, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 2000.

2. Kimbark, “Direct Current Transmission – Vol. I”, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1971.

3. Arrillaga. J, “High Voltage Direct Current Transmission”, Peter Peregrines, London, 1983

PS0621 ADVANCE TOPICS IN POWER

SYSTEMS L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive base on torsional and voltage stability analysis in Power Systems.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • To understand the concept of turbine – generator torsional

characteristics and its impact on the Power System. • To understand the basics of Generation, transmission system and load

modeling and its effects on voltage stability analysis.

Review of multi mass rotor-Turbine – generator torsional characteristics – interaction with power system controls – Sub Synchronous resonance – counter measure to SSR problems – Impact of network – Switching disturbances. Power system stability classification – Voltage stability – Voltage collapse. Transmission system aspects : single load infinite bus system – maximum deliverable power – Power voltage relationships – Generator reactive power requirement – Effect of compensation – VQ curves – Effect of Adjustable transformer ratios – problems. Review of synchronous machine theory – frequency and voltage controllers – Limiting device affecting voltage stability – Voltage reactive power characteristics of synchronous generators – capability curves – Effect of machine limitations on deliverable power – problems. Voltage dependence of Loads – Load restoration dynamics – Induction motors – Load tap changers – Thermostatic Load recovery – generic Aggregate load models – HVDC links – problems. Mathematical Background: Differential equations – Bifurcation – DA Systems – Multiple time scales – Loadability – Sensitivity and bifurcation analysis – eigen vector & singular vector properties – Bifurcation surface – Types of counter

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measures – Classification of instability mechanism – counter measures to short term instability – Corrective actions against long term instability. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Kundur.P, “Power System Stability and Control”, McGraw Hill Publishing

Company, New York, 1994. 2. Anderson P.M and Fouad A.A, “ Power System Control and Stability”,

Galgotia Publications, NewDelhi, 1981 3. Thierry van cutsem, & costas vournas, “Voltage stability of Electric Power

Systems”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998. 4. Taylor, C.W. “power system voltage stability”, McGraw Hill, NewDelhi,

1993

SUPPORTING COURSE MA0511 APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS L T P C

(Common to M.TECH. (PED) and M.TECH. (PS)

3 1 0 4

Purpose To develop analytical capability and to impart knowledge in Advanced Matrix theory, Linear and Non linear programming, Calculus of variations and Random Processes and their applications in Engineering and Technology and to apply these concepts in Engineering problems they would come across. Instructional Objective: At the end of the course, Students should be able to, 1. Understand mathematical and statistical techniques. 2. Logically explain the concepts 3. Apply the concepts in solving the engineering problems. Computation of the greatest and the least eigen values of a matrix by power method – Modal matrix – Spectral – Sylvester’s theorem – Power series of matrices – Application of matrices to solution of Differential equations. Linear programming – Graphical Method – Simplex method – Duality Theorems – Dual Simplex method – Integer programming. Non-linear programming with special reference to quadratic programming – Kuhn – Tucker conditions – Wolfe’s modified simplex method – Dynamic programming – Bellman’s principle of optimality.

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Calculus of variations – Concepts of functionals – Euler’s equation – Brachistochrone problem – Variational problems involving several unknown functions – Functionals involving two or more independent variables – Variational problems with moving boundaries – Isoperimetric problems. Probability – Baye’s Theorem for conditional probability – Random variables – Distribution function – Density function – Variance and covariance – Stochastic process – Auto correlation – Auto covariance – Cross correlation and cross covariance – Stationary process – Auto correlation and cross correlation functions – Power spectrum. Text Books 1. Dass H.K., Engineering Maths, S.Chand and Co., 2003 (unit I Chapter 19, section 19.33 – 19.38) 2. Grewal B.S., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers.36th

Edition. (unit I – Chapter 24 section 24.8) 3. Kanti Swarup, Gupta P.K., Manmohan, Operations Research, Sultan

Chand, 11th Edition – 2003. (Unit II – Chapter 3, Section 3.1 – 3.3, chapter 4 section 4.1 – 4.4, Chapter 5 section 5.1 – 5.4, 5.7 – 5.9 Chapter 7 section 7.1 – 7.4 Unit III – Chapter 13, section 13.1 – 13.4, chapter 25, Section 25.1 – 25.5)

4. venkataraman M.K., Higher Engineering Mathematics, National Publishing Co., 4th Edition, July 1992.

(Unit IV – Chapter 9 section 1,2,3,5,8,9,11-15, 17) 5. Veerajan T., Probability, Satistics and Random Processes, Tata Mc

Graw Hill, 2004. (unit V – Chapter 1 section 1.1-1.9, Chapter 2 section 2.1 – 2.31, Chapter 3 section 3.1 – 3.60, chapter 6 section 6.2-6.37)

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PS0575 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING APPLICATIONS IN POWER SYSTEMS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE This course gives a fundamental understanding of the Object Oriented concepts with the help of the programming language C ++. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• Basic concepts of Object Oriented programming. • C and C ++ language concepts and programming. • Detailed understanding of OOPS concepts like Inheritance and

Polymorphism. • Advanced concepts like Templates and file I/O

Traditional Programming Approach – Structured Methodology – Object Oriented Concepts – Objects and Classes – Instance – Messages – Methods – Encapsulation – Inheritance – polymorphism – Dynamic binding – Benefits of Object Oriented Programming – C++ Pointers – Runtime binding - Dynamic Objects – Self referential classes. C++ Classes and Methods – Members – Message Parsing – Creation and Initialization – Constructor and Destructor functions - Reference variables – Inline functions – Friend functions – Default arguments.

Inheritance - Benefits – Cost of inheritance – Execution speed - Program size – Message passing overhead - Program complexity – Derived Classes – Abstract classes – Multiple inheritance – Access Control. Polymorphism – Overloading – Operator overloading – Function overloading – Overriding – Deferred methods – Virtual functions. Templates – List Templates – Function templates – Template arguments. Streams – Input –Output – Formatting – Files and Streams – Exception handling. REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Bjarne Stroustrup , “The C++ Programming Language” , 2nd edition , Wesley,1997.

2. Robert Lafore , “Mastering Turbo C++” , BPB Publications ,2000. 3. Yashavant Khanitkar , “Programming in C++” , 4th edition, BPB

Publications,1999

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4. Venugopal , K, R ,Raj kumar , Ravishankar , T. , “Mastering C ++ “ , Tata McGraw Hill Publication Company Ltd , 1997.

PS0578 ANN APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3 PURPOSE To enrich the student with clear knowledge on Artificial Neural Network and its applications to power systems. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• To have an idea on Neural Network concepts. • To get a clear vision on different types of networks and their features. • To have a knowledge on ANN implementation to power system

problems. Neural Network concepts definition and building blocks. Connection signal data types, Input classes and geometries, Processing Elements N dimensional Geometry. Learning Law, Self adaptation Equations. Definitions. Coincidence performance, competitive, filter and spatiotemporal learning. Associative networks. - Definitions. Hop field network. BAM Associative network theorems. Adaptive resonant theory ART-1. Single layer perceptions. Multi layer data transformation structures. Back propagation network, general feed forward networks. Pattern recognition problems in Power Systems. Load forecasting. ANN implementation in Matlab. Characteristics of neutral network controllers. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Robert Hect Nielsen, “Neuro computing”, Addson – Wesley

Publishing Co.,1990. 2. Jacek M. Zurada, “Introduction to Artificial Neural systems”, Jako

Publishing House.1999. 3. Matlab V-6 Manual. 4. Dayjoff J. Van Nostrand Reinhold., “Neural Network Architectures –

An Introduction”.2000.

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PS0573 FUZZY LOGIC AND EXPERT SYSTEMS

OF POWER SYSTEMS L T P C 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE To learn the concepts and techniques of Expert systems and Fuzzy logic in Engineering applications. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

• Expert systems and their tools, with methodology for building an Expert system

• Fuzzy logic basics and operations • Fuzzy arithmetic and representation, classical logic

AI – definition – the AI problems – defining a problem as a state space search – heuristic search techniques – breath first search – depth first search – hill climbing and best first search technique – symbolic reasoning under uncertainty – non monotonic reasoning – statistical reasoning – probability and Baye’s theorem – certainty factor and rule base system Introduction to expert systems – components of an expert systems – features of an ES – ES categories – developing and using an ES – model based ES – knowledge acquisition and typical building process Basics of fuzzy logic-vagueness-uncertainty and imprecision – Concepts of crisp set - fuzzy sets – crisp to fuzzy - complements – union – intersection – combination of operation – General aggregation operation – fuzzy relational equation - fuzzy measure – fuzzy function – approximate reasoning – fuzzy proposition – fuzzy quantifiers. Structure of fuzzy logic controller – input, output, if then rules – fuzzification and its types, knowledge base, defuzzification and its types – fuzzy logic tools – fuzzy logic controller examples. Application of AI to Power Systems-Application of expert systems, fuzzy logic systems and neuro fuzzy controllers to load forecasting, contingency analysis – VAR control – load restoration and other power system operation and control problems. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Rich and Knight, “Artificial Intelligence”, Tata McGraw Hill,1991. 2. Dan W.Patterson, “Introduction to AI and expert systems”, Prentice Hall

India (P) Ltd,1990. 3. Bark Kosko, “Neural networks and fuzzy systems”, Prentice Hall, 1994.

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4. Klin.G.J. and Folger.T.A., “Fuzzy sets, uncertainty and information,” Prentice Hall,1998.

5. Timothy.J.Ross, “Fuzzy logic with Engineering applications”, McGraw Hill, USA, 1997.