MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF NURSINGCALOOCAN CITY

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING DIAGNOSIS

In Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements for theRELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE

Manila Central UniversityCollege of NursingEDSA, Caloocan City, Philippines

Presented by:

Submitted to:Mr. Michael John Flores, R.N., MANMrs. Nonalyn Andres, R.N., MANMrs. Henlyn Enriquez-Atanacio, R.N., MAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the StudyB. Objectives Student Centered Community Centered Narrative ReportCHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY

A. Community as a Place SPOT Map Barangay MapB. Community as a PeopleC. Community as a Social System Manila Central University Organizational Chart Faculty of College of NursingCHAPTER III: DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

A. Description of the Survey QuestionnaireB. Methods of Data GatheringCHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

CHAPTER V: COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PLAN

A. B. Ranking of Community Health ProblemsAPPENDICES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFirst and foremost, we would like to extend our gratitude to our Dear Almighty God, for giving us the wisdom, strength, support, knowledge and perseverance that He has been bestowed upon us during this research project. We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our Clinical Instructors in Community Health Nursing, Mr. Michael John Flores, R.N., MAN, Mrs. Henlyn Enriquez-Atanacio, R.N., MAN, and Mrs. Nonalyn Andres R.N., MAN, who brought our ideas and our clinical experiences into more productive yet helpful to all the people in the community because through his fun filled way of teaching, we are able to inculcate in our minds and most especially in our hearts the importance of helping a family in a certain community to achieve their optimum health which is the general aim of this research project. They enhanced our capabilities in giving care to the people who needed the most out of it.In addition, we would like to thank the Manila Central University College of Nursing, for providing us the good surrounding and facilities in completing the data in our research. Lastly, we would like to thank the First Year Nursing Students of Manila Central University for rendering their time. We are so grateful for the hospitality you have shown us. We really appreciate the willingness they showed. In accordance to the mission of the Department of Health in the Philippines: To guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health. We, in the least that we did, contributed to its mission through giving our willingness and determination to devout ourselves in giving care to our Filipino countrymen, and someday as we go on with our chosen profession, we will be able to give care also to all the people in the world, not just Filipinos regardless with their gender, creed, and race. Because through this mission that is within us, we would be able to help in the progress of the over-all health of our country and to the world.

CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION

A. Background of the StudyHealth education plays a major role in the promotion of health and prevention of diseases. It also contributes towards the early and effective treatment of diseases so as to minimize suffering and disability. Community health nursing is here to introduce them to different opportunities. It is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing for the promotion of health and rehabilitation of illness.Community health nursing aims to improve community health by promoting a healthier group of people, individuals, families, and residents within the community. The goal is to maintain, preserve, and promote health by providing information, education, teachings, and health care services to the populationIn the participating first year nursing students in the community, the community health nurses are key players in helping residents make informed choices about their health. Nurses serve as educators, mentors, and vital sources of information about how to keep the families and community maintain a healthy lifestyle.Basically, a community is a group of people living in the same place.According to Arceli S. Maglaya, a community is a group of people sharing common geographic boundaries and/or common values and interests. It functions within a particular socio cultural context, which means that no two communities are alike. The physical environment varies, and so with the peoples way of behaving and coping. People are different from each other, thus the dynamics in one community differs from that of the other.Problems in every community are always there, one of those is Health Problem. Environmental quality, Immunization, Access to Health Care, Physical Activity and Nutrition are some of the thousands health issues in the community. In 2009, Pneumonia, Diarrhea, Leptospirosis, Malnutrition, A(H1N1) Flu Virus Scare, Illegal Drug Addiction, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Heart Disease/Hypertension and Cancer are listed as top health problems in the Philippines.Life threatening, isnt it? People can do something with these issues, people just need to have knowledge about their health status and set their priorities when it comes to healthy lifestyle.People and the health team should be one in doing actions in solving health problems in the community. Community health nursing is nursing practice outside the hospital. According to The American Nurses Association, Community Health Nursing practice promotes and preserves the health populations by integrating skills and knowledge relevant to both nursing and public health. The practice is comprehensive and general, and is not limited to a particular age or diagnostic group; it is continual, and is not limited to episodic care. While the community health nursing practice includes nursing directed to individuals, families and groups, the dominant responsibility is to the population as a whole.Attention, analyzation, cooperation, these are the keys in implementing good health in the community. Proper assessment, planning, action and evaluation together with the good communication within the area will give solution to each community health problem.

B. ObjectivesStudent-centeredAfter days of diagnosis, the 2nd year nursing students of Manila Central University students will be able to acquire:KNOWLEDGE Determine the Health Problems mostly encountered by the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.

Know the proper actions for the said Health Problems.

Show, teach, and implement solutions for said Health Problems.

SKILLS Observation and Interview should be done to establish better communication skills.

Being responsible for each actions means efficient nursing care.

Adjustments to different point of views of the clients.ATTITUDE Respect client's way of life. Must be sensitive with client's perception.

Client-centeredAfter days of client diagnosis, the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University will be able to gain:KNOWLEDGE Understand, adapt and apply health teachings that will be given by the 2nd year nursing students of Manila Central University to have better and healthy lifestyle.

Be aware with the situation or with the current Health Problem.

SKILLS Listen, cooperate and participate with the programs or events, which will be given by the community health nurse.

Collaborate in decision-making, which will be done.

ATTITUDE Clients together with their families should be one in maintaining or improving their lifestyle.

Ability to adapt in different changes within the family.

Proper communication within the family for the better changes.

C. Narrative ReportDATEOBJECTIVESPLAN OF ACTIVITIESACTUAL ACTIVITIES

August 29, 2014(Friday) Know the health problems mostly encountered by the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.Data gathering, SurveyAnd ObservationThe 2nd year nursing students of Manila Central University, Group 1 conduct survey regarding important informations about the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.

September 11, 2014(Thursday) Let the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University understand what health problems they have. Establish therapeutic communication with the clients. Show professionalism.

Conduct Health Teaching and explain its importance.The 2nd year nursing students of Manila Central University proceed to the Health Teaching within 1 hour, about the health status of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.

CHAPTER IIDESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY

Manila Central University College of Nursing as a PlaceThe Manila Central University is a private, non-sectarian, non-stock educational institution situated in EDSA, Caloocan City, Philippines. The College of Nursing is located at Filemon D. Tanchoco Building together with the College of Midwifery, College of Arts and Sciences, College of Physical Therapy, College of PsychologyThe College of Nursing is the

Manila Central University College of Nursing as a SystemBachelor of Science in Nursing is a four-year degree program that consists of general education and professional courses. The professional courses begin in the first year and thread through the development of competencies up to the fourth year level. The BSN program provides an intensive nursing practicum that will refine clinical skills from the first year level to ensure the acquisition of basic clinical competencies required of a nursing practioner.Manila Central University College of Nursing is headed by Mr. Melvin Miranda, Dean of the College of Nursing together with the Faculty of Nursing which is composed of a fully competent registered nurses that aims to produce a fully functioning nurse who is able to perform the competencies in the key areas of responsibility such as safe and quality nursing care, communication, collaboration and team work, health education, legal responsibility, personal and professional development, quality improvement, research, management of resources and environment and record management. Maintains quality education through the utilization of innovative and creative teaching methods and facilities that support instruction, such as the Nursing Skills Laboratory and the Main Library that is filled with updated books, journals, and online computers.

The College of Nursing also has different student organizations firstly is the College of Nursing Student Organization, wherein they cultivate and maintain camaraderie among nursing students, encourage them to actively participate in college activities to promote physical, spiritual, intellectual, cultural and social development. Secondly is the Pax Romana, the group that organizes activities for the total formation of Christian individuals and intellectual and professional well being of its members. Lastly, is the Nightingale Mission, it is an organization whose primary goal is to contribute to the solution of health and social problems affecting depressed communities.

Manila Central University College of Nursing as a PeopleNursingis a profession within thehealth caresector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health andquality of life.The nursing students of Manila Central University has passion and determination in providing quality health care

CHAPTER IIIDATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

A. DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRENursing assessment is the first major phase of Nursing; it is used to determine existing and potential conditions or problems of the family, Group or community. It provides an estimate of the degree to which the family or community is achieving the level of the health possible for them.Relevant Data collected on the health status of the family. Demographic data Vital Health status Family structure, characteristics and dynamics Socio-economic and cultural characteristics Health status Values and practice on health promotion, Maintenance and disease preventionThe survey questionnaires are used as their baseline in different questions that they have to gather. The purpose of having questionnaires is to identify the arising problems of each family member

B.METHODS OF DATA GATHERINGDifferent methods are used to collect data: interview of individuals, observation of health related behaviours of individuals, family and environmental factors. Review of family and individual health records: physical examinations of individuals.These data are collected systematically, then recorded in appropriate forms and kept systematically for the retrieval of info can be facilitated. Every data are treated confidentially. The survey questionnaires are answered by interviewing the individual and family in the community, the students interviewed one specific family and they are interviewed with professionalism with appropriate words used and with respectThe students who interviewed had their questionnaires and acquired all necessary information to gather data.CHAPTER IVPRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

TABLE 1. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE AGE AND GENDER OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.AGE DISTRIBUTIONPERCENTAGE(TOTAL POPULATION)PERCENTAGE(FEMALE POPULATION)FREQUENCY(FEMALE)TOTAL

45-500000

35-441%1%11

25-340000

20-240000

15-1999%94%1919

AGE DISTRIBUTIONPERCENTAGE(TOTAL POPULATION)PERCENTAGE(MALE POPULATION)FREQUENCY(MALE)TOTAL

45-500000

35-441%1%11

25-340000

20-240000

15-1999%5%66

TOTAL POPULATION SURVEYED: 26 StudentsTOTAL POPULATION MALE SURVEYED: 6 Male StudentsTOTAL POPULATION FEMALE SURVEYED: 20 Female StudentsTOTAL POPULATION SURVEYED AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS: 128AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE:

TABLE 2. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RELIGION OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.RELIGIONFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Catholic1869%

Christian311%

Islam14%

7th Day Adventist28%

Baptist14%

Methodist14%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 82% of the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University belongs to Catholic, 3% are Christian, 2% are 7th day Adventist, and the remaining are 1% Islam, Baptist and Methodist.

ANALYSIS:Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census). The Philippines is a predominantly Christian nation on account of 300 years of Spanish rule. It is estimated that 81% of the population is Roman Catholic. In the south on the large island of Mindanao, many are adherents of Islam. Filipino Muslims make up about five percent of the national population. There is a Philippine Independent Church, known as Iglesia Filipina Independiente or Aglipayan Church (after its first head Gregorio Aglipay); it is affiliated with the Anglican Communion. Another independent church was founded in 1914 by Felix Manalo; it is a unitarian religious organization known as Iglesia ni Cristo. Missionaries of the Jehovah's Witnesses arrived in the Philippines during the American colonial rule (1898-1945). There are now 150,000 members in the country. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints have 600,000 Mormon members in the Philippines. Animism or folk religion encompassing indigenous spiritual traditions from pre-colonial times still prevail even among baptized members of formal churches. Superstitious beliefs are widespread.

TABLE 3. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PLACE OF ORIGIN OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.PLACE OF ORIGINFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Luzon%

Visayas%

Mindanao%

Others%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:

TABLE 3. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CIVIL STATUS OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.

CIVIL STATUS

FREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Single%

Married%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:A person'smarital statusindicates whether the person ismarried. Questions about marital status appear on many polls and forms, includingcensuses. The question has historically also appeared in job applications andcredit cardapplications and similar contexts, though the practice is increasing regarded as anachronistic, as an answer would normally not be relevant to the consideration of the merits of an application and may in fact be considered unlawfuldiscriminationin some countries.In the simplest sense, the only possible answers are "married" or "single". Some unmarried people object to describing themselves by a simplistic term "single", and often other options are given, such as "divorced", "widowed", widow or widower, "cohabiting", "civil union", "domestic partnership" and "unmarried partners". In some cases, knowing that people are divorced, widowed, or in a relationship is more useful than simply knowing that they are unmarried. The category of "married" would also cover the situation of the person being "separated". In many cases, people who are in a committed co-habiting relationship may describe themselves as married, and some laws (such as taxation laws) require them to do so.In many cultures, a person may indicate their marital status in a number of ways: in Western culture a married, unseparated woman would commonly wear awedding ringbut in other cultures othermarkers of marital statusmay be used. A married woman is commonly given thehonorifictitle "Mrs", and a single woman "Miss", but some women prefer to be referred to as "Ms", a title which does not indicate marital status. A man is given an honorific title of "Mr" irrespective of his marital status.In a social context, a person's non-availability for aninterpersonal relationshipmay be expressed by a marriage status of married, except in the case of "separated", and may also be expressed in descriptions such as "engaged" which may also be on display in the case of a female who would commonly wear anengagement ring. Some women may wear a wedding ring, even if unmarried, to indicate they do not wish to bepropositioned.Family statusis the combination of marital status with number of children.Marital status studied in combination with other factors also reveals amarriage gap.

TABLE 5. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

College Graduate00

Ongoing26100%

High School Graduate00

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 100% of educational attainments of 1st year nursing students are still ongoing.

ANALYSIS:Education in the Philippinesis managed and regulated by theDepartment of Education, commonly referred to as theDepEdin the country. The Department of Education controls the Philippine education system, including thecurriculumused in schools and the allocation of funds. It also regulates the construction of schools and other educational facilities and the recruitment of teachers and staff.Before in 1946, the country's education system was patterned on the system of itscolonial powers,Spainand theUnited States. However, after Philippine independence, its educational system changed radically.Until 2011, the basic education system was composed of six years ofelementary educationstarting at the age of 6, and four years ofhigh school educationstarting at the age of 12. Further education was provided by technical or vocational schools, or in higher education institutions such as universities. Although the1987 Constitutionstated that elementary education was compulsory, this was never enforced.In 2011, the country started to transition from its old 10-year basic educational system to a K-12 educational system, as mandated by the Department of Education.[3]The new 12-year system is now compulsory, along with the adoption of new curriculum for all schools (see2010s and the K-12 program). The transition period will end with the 2017-2018 school year, which is the graduation date for the first group of students who entered the new educational system.All public schools in the Philippines must start classes on the date mandated by the Department of Education (usually the first Monday of June), and must end after each school completes the mandated 200-day school calendar organized by the Department of Education (usually around the third week of March to the second week of April). Private schools are not obliged to abide by a specific date, but must open classes no later than the last week of August.

TABLE 6. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF THE 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.EMPLOYMENT STATUSFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Employed%

Self-employed%

Not Applicable%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.

ANALYSIS:

Philippines jobless rate kept its downward trend to 6.7 percent in July of 2014 from 7

percent in April, as more people were employed in the services and industry sectors. Figures for the province of Leyte, which was hit by typhoon, Haiyan are not included.Among unemployed people, 63.3 percent were males. The age group 15 to 24 years old accounted for 49.3 percent of total unemployed, while the age group 25 to 34 accounted for 30.8 percent. By educational attainment, 23.2 percent were college graduates, 13.2 percent were college undergraduates, and 32.1 percent were high school graduates.

Among regions, the National Capital Region (10.3 percent), Central Luzon (8.3 percent), and Calabarzon (8.0 percent) showed unemployment rates higher than the national figure (6.7 percent).

Meanwhile, the employment rate is estimated at 93.3 percent in July of 2014, up from 92.7 percent a year earlier. There were 38.5 million employed people: 54 percent worked in the services sector 30.1 in agriculture and 15.9 percent in industry 15.9 percent.

TABLE 7. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TOTAL MONTHLY INCOME OF THE FAMILY OF THE 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.TOTAL MONTHLY INCOME (PHP)FREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Php 600,000-650,000%

Php 400,000-599,999%

Php 200,000-399,999%

Php 90,000-199,999%

Php 50,000-80,000%

Php 20,000-40,000%

Php 5,000-10,000%

Not Applicable%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:

In 2012, Filipino families had an annual income of 235 thousand pesos, on average. In comparison, their expenditure for the same year was 193 thousand pesos, on average. These figures translate to an average annual savings of 42 thousand pesos per family (Table 1). These estimates are based on the results of the 2012 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), and were computed at prices in year 2012. Considering the inflation in the period 2009-2012, the average annual family income in 2012 would be valued at 180 thousand pesos at 2006 prices, while the average annual family expenditure would be valued at 148 thousand pesos (Table 1). The gap in income between the richest decile and the poorest decile remains wide. Families in the richest decile, earned an annual income of 715 thousand pesos in 2012 or 60 thousand pesos monthly, on average. On the other hand, the families in the poorest decile, earned an average annual income of 69 thousand pesos or about 6 thousand pesos monthly. The income of the families in the richest decile is 10 times that of the poorest decile. This finding is true for both 2009 and 2012. For this report, families were ranked according to their per capita income and were grouped into per capita income deciles. The richest decile represents families belonging to the top 10 percent in terms of per capita income, while the poorest decile represents families in the bottom 10 percent. TABLE 8. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF FAMILIES OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.TYPE OF FAMILIESFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Nuclear%

Extended %

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.

ANALYSIS:Filipinos highly value the presence of their families more than anything. Regardless of the liberal influence they have gotten from the west, the family remained the basic unit of their society. This trait clearly shows among Filipinos abroad who suffer homesickness and tough work just to support their families back home in the Philippines.In a traditional Filipino family, the father is considered the head and the provider of the family while the mother takes responsibility of the domestic needs and in charge of the emotional growth and values formation of the children. They both perform different tasks and being remarked separately by the children. Children see their mothers soft and calm, while they regard their fathers as strong and the most eminent figure in the family.

Because of this remarkable closeness, parents sometimes have difficulties letting go of their children and thus results to having them stay for as long as they want. For this somehow explains why grandparents are commonly seen living with their children in the Philippines. Unlike the way people grow old in the west where they are provided with outside homes and care giving, Filipino elderly enjoy their remaining lives inside their houses with their children and grandchildren looking after them.Another trait Filipinos made themselves exceptional from others is their strong respect for elders. Children are taught from birth how to say po and opo to teach them as early as possible how to properly respect their elders. These words are used to show respect to people of older level. Even adults will be criticized for not using these words when speaking with their parents or people older than them. Inside the family, the parents are expected to receive the highest respect from the children along with the elder siblings; as they are given more responsibilities to look after younger siblings when parents are not around.Children fighting back or addressing parents or elder siblings with arrogant tone are not at all tolerated. They are also not allowed to leave the house without their parents permission. Upon arriving home, conservative families expect children to practice the kissing of hands or placing their parents or elder family members hand to their foreheads with the words mano po as a sort of greeting.Even after finishing school, Filipino children are not obliged to get out of their homes unless they want to. In fact, most of them keep their close relationship to their parents by staying at least before they get married. Leaving them happens only when they really have to, but usually, at least one child, depending on his willingness and financial capabilities, stay even after marriage to support and look after their aging parents.More over, Filipinos keep close connection with other relatives. They recognize them from 2nd degree to the last they can identify. As Filipinos say, not being able to know a relative is like turning their backs from where they come from.TABLE 9. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNIZATION STATUS OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.IMMUNIZATION STATUSFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Fully Immunized26100%

Partially Immunized00

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 100% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University are fully immunized.

ANALYSIS:Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the bodys own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year. It is one of the most cost-effective health investments, with proven strategies that make it accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. It has clearly defined target groups; it can be delivered effectively through outreach activities; and vaccination does not require any major lifestyle change.TABLE 10. FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF HOUSING OF THE 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.TYPE OF HOUSINGFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Strong2389%

Mixed311%

Light00

Make-shift00

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 89% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University has strong type of housing while the remaining 11% has mixed type of housing.

ANALYSIS:Ahomeis adwelling-place used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence for anindividual,family,householdorseveral families in a tribe. It is often ahouse,apartment, or otherbuilding, or alternatively amobile home,houseboat,yurtor any other portable shelter. Larger groups may live in a nursing home,children's home,conventor any similar institution. Ahomesteadalso includes agricultural land and facilities fordomesticated animals. Where more securedwellingsare not available, people may live in the informal and sometimes-illegalshacksfound inslumsandshantytowns. More generally, "home" may be considered to be a geographic area, such as atown,village,suburb,city, orcountry.Transitory accommodation, such as ahospital,prison,boarding school,collegeoruniversityis not normally considered permanent enough to replace a more stable location as 'home'. In 2005, some 100 million people worldwide were estimated to behomeless, although some prefer the term 'houseless' or 'unsheltered'.

TABLE 11. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERAL SANITATION CONDITION OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.GENERAL SANITATION CONDITIONFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Good1558%

Light1142%

Poor00

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that the 58% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University has good sanitation while the remaining 42% has light sanitation.

ANALYSIS:Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease worldwide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households and across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.TABLE 12. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EXCRETAL DISPOSAL OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.EXCRETAL DISPOSALFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Sewage312%

Septic Tank2388%

Water Sealed00

Public Comfort Room00

Others00

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 88% of the excretal disposal of the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University is septic tank while the remaining 12% is sewage.

ANALYSIS:Safe disposal of excreta, so that it does not contaminate the environment, water, food or hands, is essential for ensuring a healthy environment and for protecting personal health. This can be accomplished in many ways, some requiring water, others requiring little or none. Regardless of method, the safe disposal of human feces is one of the principal ways of breaking the faecaloral disease transmission cycle. Sanitation is therefore a critical barrier to disease transmission.Plans for locating sanitation facilities, and for treating and removing waste, must consider cultural issues, particularly as sanitation is usually focused on the household. Excreta disposal may be a difficult subject for a community to discuss: it may be taboo, or people may not like to discuss issues they regard as personal and unclean. In some cases, people may feel that sanitation facilities are not appropriate for children, or that childrens feces are not harmful. In others, separate facilities may be required for men and women, and it may be necessary to locate the facilities so that no one can be seen entering the latrine building. If the disposal facilities smell and are a breeding ground for flies, people may not use them.Health improvement comes from the proper use of sanitation facilities, not simply their physical presence, and they may be abandoned if the level of service does not meet the social and cultural needs of community members at an affordable cost. Within a community, several different sanitation options may be required, with varying levels of convenience and cost (sometimes called a sanitation ladder). The advantage of this approach is that it allows households to progressively upgrade sanitation facilities over time.

TABLE 13. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE OF HEALTH CARE OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.SOURCE OF HEALTH CAREFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Health Center519%

Hospital1765%

Private416%

Others00

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 65% of source of health care of the 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University are hospital while the remaining are 5% from the health center and 16% are private.

ANALYSIS:Health care(orhealthcare) is the diagnosis,treatment, and prevention ofdisease,illness, injury, and otherphysical and mental impairmentsin human beings. Health care is delivered by practitioners inallied health,dentistry,midwifery(obstetrics),medicine,nursing,optometry,pharmacy,psychology and otherhealth professions. It refers to the work done in providingprimary care,secondary care, andtertiary care, as well as inpublic health.Access to health care varies across countries, groups, and individuals, largely influenced by social and economic conditions as well as thehealth policiesin place. Countries and jurisdictions have different policies and plans in relation to the personal and population-based health care goals within their societies.Health care systemsare organizations that establish to meet thehealthneeds of target populations. Their exact configuration varies between national and subnational entities. In some countries and jurisdictions, health care planning is distributed among market participants, whereas in others, planning occurs more centrally among governments or other coordinating bodies. In all cases, according to theWorld Health Organization(WHO), a well-functioning health care system requires a robust financing mechanism; a well-trained and adequately-paidworkforce; reliable information on which to base decisions andpolicies; and well maintainedhealth facilitiesand logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies.

WATER SUPPLYFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Private1973%

Public727%

TOTAL26100%

TABLE 14. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER SUPPLY OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 73% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University uses private water supply while the remaining 27% uses public water supply.

ANALYSIS:

Water supply and sanitation in thePhilippinesis characterized by achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are a high access to animproved water sourceof 92% in 2010; the creation of financially sustainable water service providers ("Water Districts") in small and medium towns with the continuous long-term support of a national agency (the "Local Water Utilities Administration" LWUA); and the improvement of access, service quality and efficiency in Manila through two high-profle water concessions awarded in 1997. The challenges include limited access to sanitation and in particular to sewers; high pollution of water resources; often poor drinking water quality and poor service quality; a fragmentation of executive functions at the national level among numerous agencies; and a fragmentation of service provision at the local level into many small service providers.

TABLE 15. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER STORAGE OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.WATER STORAGEFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Covered1142%

Uncovered1558%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 58% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University uses uncovered water storage while the remaining 42% uses covered water storage.

ANALYSIS:Safe household water storageis a critical component of a Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) system being promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) worldwide in areas that do not have piped drinking water. In these areas it is not uncommon for drinking water to be stored in a pot, jar, crock or other container in the home. Even if this drinking water was of acceptable microbiological quality initially, it can become contaminated from dirty hands and utensils, such as dirty dippers and cups. Drinking water containers with "narrow dispensers are key" to keeping water from being contaminated while being stored in the home.TABLE 16. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GARBAGE DISPOSAL OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.GARBAGE DISPOSALFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

DPS Collection26100%

Burning00

Dumping00

Burying00

Recycling00

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 100% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University disposes garbage by DPS collection.

ANALYSIS:Waste disposal is a concern in industrialized countries with high populations. Recent advances in technology provide safer methods for disposing of waste products. Despite these advances, waste remains an environmental health concern. Some types of waste are harmless to the environment, but others are dangerous enough to warrant laws and regulations in certain countries to prevent improper disposal of them.TABLE 17. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE DENTAL SOURCE OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.DENTAL SOURCEFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Health Center519%

Hospital624%

Private1246%

Industrial Dentist311%

Others00%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 46% of the 1st years nursing students of Manila Central University have their dental source from Private while the other 24% is from the Hospital, 19% is from Health Center while the remaining 11% is from the Industrial Dentist.

ANALYSIS:Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral sores, birth defects such as cleft lip and palate, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay and tooth loss, and other diseases and disorders that affect the oral cavity. Risk factors for oral diseases include unhealthy diet, tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and poor oral hygiene.TABLE 18. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOOD STORAGE OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.FOOD STORAGEFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Covered26100%

Uncovered00%

TOTAL26100%

INTERPRETATION:The table shows that 100% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University uses covered food storage.

ANALYSIS:Incorrect storage of food can cause spoilage and food poisoning. High-risk food should be kept at 5 C or below, and above 60 C to avoid the 'temperature danger zone', where bacteria multiply fastest. Do not refreeze food that has been frozen and thawed once. Store raw food separately from cooked food. Bacteria frequently cause food poisoning from foods that have been incorrectly stored, prepared, handled or cooked. Food contaminated with food-poisoning bacteria may look, smell and taste normal. If food is not stored properly, the bacteria in it can multiply to dangerous levels.

TABLE 19. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF INFANT FEEDING OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.TYPE OF INFANT FEEDINGFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Breast Feeding%

Artificial%

Not Applicable%

TOTAL100%

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Virtually all mothers can breastfeed, provided they have accurate information, and the support of their family, the health care system and society at large.Colostrum, the yellowish, sticky breast milk produced at the end of pregnancy, is recommended by WHO as the perfect food for the newborn, and feeding should be initiated within the first hour after birth.Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6 months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with appropriate complementary foods up to two years of age or beyond.

TABLE 20. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL FEEDINGFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Condensed%

Evaporated%

Powdered%

TOTAL100%

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:Infant formula is an alternative to breast milk. Bottle-feeding your baby with infant formula requires a suitable formula, clean water, bottles with caps and teats, and sterilizing equipment. Clean the equipment well and prepare formula correctly to avoid exposing your baby to germs.

TABLE 21. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF FAMILY PLANNING STATUS OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.TYPE OF FAMILY PLANNING STATUSFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Acceptor%

Non-acceptor%

Menopause%

Not Applicable%

TOTAL100%

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:Family planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. A womans ability to space and limit her pregnancies has a direct impact on her health and well-being as well as on the outcome of each pregnancy.

TABLE 22. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE OF INFORMATION OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.SOURCE OF INFORMATIONFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE

Health Center%

Hospital%

Neighbor%

Mass Media%

Not Applicable%

TOTAL100%

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:Ahospitalis ahealth careinstitution providingpatienttreatment with specialized staff and equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which has anemergency department. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive careand long-term care. Specialized hospitals includetrauma centers,rehabilitation hospitals,children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such aspsychiatricproblems (seepsychiatric hospital), certain disease categories. Specialized hospitals can help reducehealth care costscompared to general hospitals. Ateaching hospitalcombines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses. The medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called aclinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g.,surgery, andurgent care) and specialist units such ascardiology. Some hospitals will haveoutpatient departmentsand some will have chronic treatment units. Common support units include apharmacy,pathology, andradiology.