Chlor-alkali electrolysis plantsSuperior membrane process

Uhde

Thys

senK

rup

p

A companyof ThyssenKrupp

Technologies

2 Table of contents2

1. Company profile 3

2. Uhde’s remarkably long experience 4

3. The Uhde membrane process 6

4. Our latest generation of cells 8

5. Ideal current distribution 11

6. The advantages of a modular concept 12

7. And there is even more in it for you 14

8. Technical data 15

9. Solutions through innovations 16

10. Additional process features of the Uhde process 18

11. Technology and customer services 20

12. A full range of services from a single source 23

The sodium chloride crystalconsists of tiny cubes

tightly bound together.It is a modular concept with a

significant number of advantages,much like the Uhde single-element

technology. Read on to find outmore about the benefits of this

technology and about one of theworld's leading suppliers

of chlorine plants.

Page

1. Company profile 3

Uhde’s head office inDortmund, Germany

3

With its highly specialised workforce of more than 4,900employees and an internationalnetwork of subsidiaries andbranch offices, the Dortmund-based engineering contractorUhde has successfully de-signed and built over 2,000plants throughout the world.

In the field of chlor-alkali elec-trolysis Uhde offers a proprietarysingle-element membranetechnology, which is marketedby both Uhde and Uhdenora,the joint venture companyfounded in conjunction with DeNora. Both Uhde and Uhdenoracarry out intensive researchand development to provide

Uhde was founded in 1921 and is a company in the Technologies segment of theThyssenKrupp Group. The company’s activities focus onthe engineering and construc-tion of chemical and other industrial plants in the followingfields: fertilisers; electrolysis;gas technologies; oil, coal andresidue gasification; refiningtechnologies; organic inter-mediates, polymers and synthetic fibres; and also cokeplant and high-pressure tech-nologies.

De Nora has been a worldleader in the development ofnew technologies and industrialprocesses, particularly for thechlor-alkali industry, since 1923.

their worldwide customers withan ever better performance inthe fields of planning, design,construction and after-salesservices for electrolysis plants.Their common aim is to optimisethe technology and further re-duce energy consumption.

Uhde and Uhdenora can drawon decades of experience inchlor-alkali electrolysis. Thecompanies have constructedmore than 200 reference plantsaround the world. Technologicalexperience and flexible marketapproaches enable Uhde andUhdenora to effectively meet a wide range of customer re-quirements.

2. Uhde’s remarkably long experience

Anwil SA Wloclawek, Poland Capacity: 216,600 t/year of NaOH195,000 t/year of Cl2

4

Uhde has been active in the chlor-

alkali sector throughout the world for

more than 50 years. During this time

we have progressed from mercury

and diaphragm plants to modern,

environment-friendly membrane

plants, which now account for more

than 75% of the total 13 million t/year

of NaOH (100%) produced by the

plants we have built.

5

Depending on the wishes of thecustomer, we can construct newplants, expand existing ones orconvert mercury or diaphragmplants to membrane technology.

With more than 70 highly skilled,experienced engineers at ourcompany you can be sure thatour electrolysis plants are of thehighest quality. We provide anextensive range of supplies andservices to cater for the diverseneeds of our customers – whetherit is a large lump-sum turnkeyproject or a feasibility study.

Throughout the chlorine historyof our company we have alwayshad one main focal point: closecooperation with our customers.From the very beginning Uhdehas combined its own highly effective electrolysis cells with a thorough knowledge of the entire chlor-alkali productionprocess. In fact, Uhde is theonly company in the world tocombine the engineering andsupply of equipment for theconstruction of a chlor-alkalielectrolysis plant with the sup-ply of electrolysis cells.

In addition, our portfolio alsoincludes EDC/VCM and PVCplants to enable customers toprocess the chlorine produced.Uhde is thus a single-sourcepartner you can rely on.

Mercury process

Diaphragmprocess

Membrane process

DC power kWh/t NaOH (100%)

Comparative energy consumption figures at 5 kA/m2

2,750

2,350

1,995

Chloratedecomposition

Chlorinetreatment

6 3. The Uhde membrane processSingle-point responsibility

Circulation

Cl2

Cl2tail gas

Gypsum

Chlorineand sa

Chlorineliquefaction

Cs

Chlorinecompression

Brinepurification

BrineFiltration

Brinefiltration

Brine precipitationand clarification

Brinesaturation

Salt storageand handling/slurry

Anolytedechlorination

Sulphateremoval

Membrane electrolysis

Catholytecooling

Causticconcentration

Transformer/rectifier

Hydrogentreatment

H2

7

Caustic 50 %

Caustic 32 %

n

Hydrogen

Bleaching Lye

Liquid chlorine

Dry

chlorine

All units for the Uhdemembrane processare provided from asingle source.

Once the wet chlorine gas hasbeen cooled and filtered, it iseither fed directly to the con-sumer plant (e.g. in the case ofa hydrochloric acid plant) or it is dried and compressed beforeeither being fed to the consumerplant (e.g. in the case of a VCMplant) or liquefied for storage intanks.

The membrane process also involves a catholyte recirculatingsystem. A part stream of theproduct, 32% caustic soda, is diluted with demineralisedwater to a concentration of30% and recycled to the mem-brane cells as catholyte inlet.The remaining caustic sodaproduct can be concentrated if necessary.

Hydrogen is a valuable by-product of the process and canbe supplied to hydrogen con-sumers, such as hydrochloricacid plants or hydrogen plantsonce it has been cooled and filtered.

Modern chlor-alkali plants areequipped with a brine circulationsystem specially designed formembrane technology. Highersodium chloride depletion inthe membrane cells means thatthe recycle rate and the amountof equipment needed are significantly lower than, for ex-ample, in mercury plants of thesame capacity. Membrane plantsalso have an additional brinepreparation process speciallyadapted to the needs of theplant and to the type and qualityof the brine used in order to ensure that high-quality brineenters the membrane cells. The chlorine generated leavesthe cells with the depletedbrine. If high-purity chlorine isrequired (e.g. for a downstreamVCM plant), hydrochloric acidcan be added to the feed brineto reduce the oxygen content inthe chlorine produced.

Uhde is the only contractor able to

supply complete plant complexes

from a single source. Uhde’s

membrane process know-how covers

all process units shown in the flow

chart as well as a number of

downstream and utility supply units.

e absorption afety system

Chlorineevaporation

hlorinetorage

n

8 4. Our latest generation of cellsThe best of their kind

The Uhde single elementOne of the most significant factors affecting the operatingcosts of a chlor-alkali plant is its on-stream time, which isparticularly dependent on therobustness of the electrolysiscells and the reliability of thematerials used.

This is especially true in thecase of membrane electrolysisplants, in which the relativelysensitive membrane is of central importance. The single-cell element, or for short thesingle element, combines theideal materials with simplemaintenance. The entire anodecompartment is made of titanium and the cathode com-partment of nickel. The sealingsystem comprises a TFM framegasket and GORETEX sealingcords. The external steelflanges, which have electricallyinsulated bolts with springwashers, ensure that the singleelement remains leak-proofthroughout its entire service life.

Anode compartment

Anodic channel

Membrane

Cathodic channel

Cathode compartment

TFM frame gasketSealing cord

Discharge pipeAnode

Spacer

Cathode

The single element comprises an anode compartment, a cathode

compartment, a membrane and asealing system with external flanges.

A special gasket system and perforated spacersensure a low chloride content of the caustic soda.

Spacer

Gasket

9

Functional descriptionUltra-pure brine enters the anode compartment via an external tube with a nozzle andis distributed across the entirewidth of the compartment viaan internal feed pipe. A down-comer plate utilises the gas lifteffect to create a high degree of internal brine circulation,thus ensuring ideal distributionwith uniform density and temperature within the com-partment. Depleted brine andchlorine leave the compartmentvia a discharge pipe.

In the cathode compartmentthere is also a feed tube, whichin this case is used to distributecaustic soda, and a dischargepipe, via which the products,hydrogen and caustic soda(32%), leave the single elem-ent. Since there is only a small difference in the causticsoda concentration at the inletand outlet of the cathode com-partment, and as hydrogen andcaustic soda are more easilyseparated than brine and chlor-ine, the cathode compartmentis not equipped with a down-comer plate.

Anodic channel

Anode compartment

Contact strip

Feed pipeFeed pipe

Downcomer plate

Cathode compartment

Cathodic channel

Very slightly trapezoidal anodicand cathodic channels are lo-cated in the upper section ofboth the anode and cathodecompartments. This design hasthe following advantages:

brine and chlorine on the anode side as well as causticsoda and hydrogen on the cathode side are transported to the upper end of the com-partments. The thorough supply of liquid to these sections ensures that the membrane functions properly.

a higher degree of safety is achieved as both compart-ments are flooded even whenthe electrolysis cells are in stand-by operation mode. That means that the liquid level in the compartments is always high enough to ensure that the membrane is fully submerged, thus preventing the hydrogen and chlorine gases from meeting in the upper part of the electrolysis cell via the membrane.

the foamy gas-liquid mixture is completely separated in-side the channels, resulting in an outlet flow of two homogeneous phases. This total separation of gas and liquid reduces the internal differential pressure fluctu-ation within the single element to a minimum, ensuring an even longer lifetime of the membrane.

Catholyte(NaOH)

Anolyte(NaCl)

H2Cl2

10

Current flow throughthe bipolar rack ofsingle elements.

11

The single elements are arranged in series to form anelectrolyser. A parallel connec-tion is used on the electrolyteand product side whilst a serialconfiguration is used on theelectrical side. The electrolysiscurrent (direct current) is fedacross contact strips from thecathode compartment to theanode compartment of the adjacent single element in theelectrolyser. Internal plate con-ductors located in the com-partments ensure uniform cur-rent distribution to the anodesand cathodes.

Single elements are assembledand tested in a workshop, where they can be stored formonths. If a single elementfrom the cell room requiresmaintenance, it can be quicklyand easily replaced by anotherone taken from the storeroom.

Membrane

Contact strip

Anode

5. Ideal current distribution

A short, direct current path ensures a low ohmic drop

and ideal current distribution.

Cathode

12 6. The advantages of a modular concept

The bipolar membrane electro-lyser is a modular concept, witha number of advantages, in-cluding low investment costs,low energy consumption and a long service life. The single elements are suspended in aframe and are pressed againsteach other by using a clampingdevice to form a "bipolar stack".Slight pressure is exerted onthe stack by spring-tension bolts in order to ensure optimumelectrical contact between theelements. Unlike in filter-presselectrolysers, no heavy-dutyjack-screws or tie rods areneeded to seal the electrolyser.The elements are all individuallysealed, leading to increasedoperational reliability.

Six bipolar membrane electrolysers in the cell room at Norsk Hydro, Rafnes.

Each electrolyser has a total of 156 single elements

(78 elements per stack).

Contact strip

Single element

Inlet hoses

Outlet hoses

Header

Busbars

Cell rack

A single-element stack:each element can be replaced individually.

All single elements are connectedto the inlet and outlet headersarranged underneath the electrolyser by means of flexible,transparent PTFE tubes. The inlet tubes, which have smallcross-sections, ensure that aconstant stream of electrolyte is supplied to the compartmentwhilst the outlet tubes, whichhave larger cross-sections, carry the chlorine gas andanolyte as well as the hydrogengas and catholyte away fromthe cell. This fail-safe connectionsystem can be used to checkthat each individual element isworking properly by observingthe colour and flow of the pro-duct streams in these tubes.

Between 20 and 100 elementscan be connected to form astack. Several of these stacksconnected in series create amembrane electrolyser.

Tessenderlo Chemie S.A.Tessenderlo, BelgiumCapacity: 307,000 t/year NaOH272,000t/year Cl2

13

14 7. And there is even more in it for you

A number of electrolysers (the exact number depends onthe production capacity) are installed side by side and areelectrically connected in parallel.A rectifier supplies one or moreof the electrolysers with directcurrent. The electrolysers canbe easily serviced by discon-necting the rectifier or by usingthe individual circuit breakersand isolating switches. Thetubes which supply the singleelements with brine and causticsoda and discharge the chlor-ine, caustic soda and hydrogenare arranged underneath theelectrolyser such that the singleelements can be easily replacedif necessary.

Each electrolyser is equippedwith an instrumentation andcontrol unit for adjusting therate of flow to the cells.

Attached to the front of theelectrolysers there are twoheader systems: one suppliesthe electrolysers with electro-lytes and the other collects the products.

The design of the Uhde

cell room has been

optimised to ensure

simple maintenance,

minimal space require-

ments and low invest-

ment costs. It has been

largely standardised

and is shown above in

a detailed 3D computer

model.

Electrolyser

Main headers for product Cl2+H2

Cell headers for Cl2 + anolyte and H2 + catholyte

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

158. Technical data

Product quality

Caustic soda solution

NaOH 32 % (wt.)

NaCl < 20 ppm

Gaseous chlorine

Cl2 > 98 % (vol.)

O2 0.5-1.5 % (vol.)

H2 < 0.05 % (vol.)

Hydrogen

H2 > 99.9 % (vol.)

Expected power consumption per metric tonne NaOH

3 4 5 6 7 i [kA/m2]

U [V]

E[kWh]

2.70

1,85

5

2.80

1,92

5

2.90

1,99

5

3.00

2,06

0

3.10

2,13

0

Operating data

Current density up to 7 kA/m2

Power consumption see graph

Cell temperature 88 - 90° C

Service life :

anode coating > 8 years

cathode coating > 8 years

membranes > 4 years

gaskets > 4 years

metal elements > 20 years

Active area per element 2.72 m2

Modular concept for large capacities

150/300/450/600/ …mtpd NaOH2 2/4/6/8/ …electrolysers

TRANSFORMER

RECTIFIER RECTIFIER

TRANSFORMER

RECTIFIER RECTIFIER

TRANSFORMER

RECTIFIER RECTIFIER

TRANSFORMER

RECTIFIER RECTIFIER

16 9. Solutions through innovations

The single element can be replaced quickly and easily.Elements are assembled inthe electrolyser workshop,where leakage tests are thencarried out. This ensures:

highest possible operationalreliability

easy maintenance

cost-optimised membrane replacement and electrode recoating according to schedule

no additional investmentneeded for back-up electrolysers

minimal loss of production

Single-element technology

The membranes in the singleelements are fixed betweentwo electrodes using spacers.This allows the electrodespacing to be adjusted accurately for optimum operation.

Each single element is sealedusing a flange, bolting andTFM gaskets. All elements aretested prior to operation toensure that they are 100%leakproof. Costly jackscrewsystems, such as those usedin filter-press electrolysers,are not necessary.

The anode compartment (Ti),cathode compartment (Ni),gaskets (TFM) and tubes(PTFE) are all made from corrosion-resistant materialand guarantee a maximumservice life for the single elements. The electrolyserheaders are long-service-lifecomponents and are made ofpure GRP or titanium on theanode side and of PP/GRP onthe cathode side.

Membrane stability Individual sealing systemHigh material quality

17

The modular design of single-element electrolysers allowsthe cell room to be configuredin a number of different ways.

Each electrolyser can have upto 200 elements whilst thereis no limit to the number ofelectrolysers permitted ineach cell room. Consequently,the cell rooms can be adaptedfor different capacities, areasof application and operationsetc. whilst the same cell typecan be used in all cases. Existing cell rooms can alsobe easily expanded.

Single-element cells can beoperated at a current densityof up to 7 kA/m2. The cell itself could be run at evenhigher current densities if itweren’t for the membranesused. The actual operatingparameters must be set inconjunction with the mem-brane suppliers.

Hardly any stray currents exist, even in the largest elec-trolysers which can have up to 200 cell elements. This isattributable to the fact that theelectrolyte enters and leavesthe cells via long tubes whichare situated outside the singleelement and act as insulators.

Our single-element technologyand chlor-alkali technologyare under constant develop-ment and are continually being adapted to meet cus-tomer demands. This ensuresthat our technology is alwaysleading-edge. Each new el-ement generation is compatiblewith previous generations.Older elements can be re-placed during remembraningand recoating processes.

Modular design High current densities No stray currents State-of-the-art technology

VESTOLIT GmbHMarl, GermanyCapacity: 237,000t/year NaOH210,000t/year Cl2

18 10. Additional process features of the Uhde process

The robust design and excel-lent tightness of the cells allow them to be operated atpressures of up to 300mbarg.Blowers for the Cl2 and H2 arenot necessary as air cannotbe sucked into the Cl2 or H2lines.

Pressurised cell operation

Feed brine can be acidified toimprove the quality of the Cl2.Any risk of membrane de-struction in the single elementdue to over-acidification iseliminated through the internalcell design (downcomer plate),which ensures effective mix-ing within the cells.

The chlorine drying tower ispart of Uhde’s range of pro-prietary equipment. A specialfeature of the tower is thatsulphuric acid consumption isat its lowest when the ultimatehumidity of the chlorine isalso at its lowest. This isachieved through a two-stagedesign within a single tower,thus saving space and invest-ment costs.

Brine acidification

Any plant which uses gaseousor liquid chlorine must complywith strict environmental regulations. The waste gasdechlorination unit is an es-sential feature in this respectand the Uhde design ensuresthat chlorine cannot escapeinto the environment underany circumstances.

Waste gas dechlorination

Chlorine drying tower

No chlorine liquefaction, storage or evaporation isneeded when Uhde’s mem-brane electrolysis plant iscombined with EDC produc-tion. The gaseous chlorine isdirectly introduced into theEDC reactor. Investment andoperating costs are reducedand superior operability isguaranteed due to our in-depthknowledge of both chlorineand EDC production.

Combined Cl2/EDC production

The brine treatment unit is ofcentral importance for amembrane electrolysis plant.Efficient brine treatment pro-tects the membranes in theelectrolysis cells while at thesame time keeping both in-vestment costs and operationalcosts at a minimum.

With its Uhde BrineTechTM ap-proach Uhde is continuouslyimproving the design of brinetreatment units with respect tocombining operability with thelowest possible investmentcosts. Uhde can design cus-tomised and thus optimisedbrine systems based on a given salt quality through anelaborate layout programmestarting with laboratory andpilot-scale tests. Due to ourvast experience regardingprecipitation, filtration andother means of brine treat-ment, Uhde is considered asecond-to-none supplier ofcomplete brine treatment so-lutions.

Brine treatment concept(Uhde BrineTech

TM

)

19

Uhde’s integrated performanceanalysis system Uhde IntegratorTM ensures con-tinuous monitoring and investigation of cell assemblydata and essential operatingparameters. It provides in-formation for troubleshootingand optimising plant operation.

Performance optimisation

The material used to constructapprox. 80% of all piping andequipment in a chlor-alkaliplant is GRP or lined GRP (glass-fibre-reinforced plastic).Uhde’sintegrated GRP concept re-presents an essential part ofits chlor-alkali expertise and isbased on more than 30 yearsof plastics know-how and experience. Uhde’s standardpiping specification and accompanying support specification have been fullystress-analysed and broughtinto line with the relevant laying instructions, taking intoaccount the special require-ments of GRP. The entire sys-tem has been certified by theGerman notified body TÜV.The integrated GRP concept iscomplemented by standardisedpiping routing for recurringpiping arrangements, vastGRP fabrication know-how, a pool of qualified, auditedfabricators in Europe, andalso access to an excellentnetwork of specialists. Our extensive piping know-howhas been combined to yieldthe Uhde PipeTechTM system.

Integrated piping concept(Uhde PipeTechTM)

The Uhde ConvertTechTM

approach represents a changein process philosophy and layout arrangement. It putsspecial emphasis on equipmentand space saving, allowingeven more competitive invest-ment costs to be achieved byreducing the quantity of steelstructures needed in the pro-cess building and by optimallyusing the space underneaththe electrolysers – e.g. byplacing tanks, pumps andheat exchangers there. Pits in the cell house are avoidedand the catholyte system is integrated into the cell house.

Compact cell-house design(Uhde ConvertTechTM)

In order to maintain a con-stant sulphate level in thebrine, the conventional approachis to either treat the brinechemically and precipitate thesulphate or to purge out thesulphate with a certain quan-tity of brine. But neither thedisposal of sulphate-containingsludge nor the purging ofbrine are ideal from either aneconomic or an environmentalpoint of view.

The Uhde SulfTechTM tech-nology obviates the need forchemical treatment or brinepurging. Instead, the sulphateis physically removed fromthe brine and then chemicallytreated to form gypsum, whichcan be disposed of as a solidproduct.

Purge-free sulphate concept(Uhde SulfTechTM)

cell In order to transport largeamounts of salt by pipeline,Uhde offers a salt slurry system developed by BayerTechnology Services and Bayer MaterialScience. Thesalt delivered is suspended in transport brine and a saltslurry is produced. This slurrycan be pumped to the elec-trolysis plant over distances ofseveral kilometres if needed.Once the salt has been separated out in a storagesilo, the transport brine canbe reused for transportation.Some of the advantages ofthe slurry system are:

transportation costs from the salt unloading bay to the plant site can be drastically reduced

storing the salt slurry in silos minimises the risk of corrosion to adjacent equipment

anti-caking agents for the salt are almost superfluous

environmental protection due to a reduction in salt transportation, e.g. by road

Salt slurry system

Level 1:Uhde GuardTM, Uhde AdministratorTM, Uhde ScanTM

Level 2:Uhde EvaluatorTM

Level 3:

Remote data analysis

20 11. Technology and customer services

Our customer services in thefield of electrolysis do not stopon plant completion, but alsoinclude:

consultancy visits

technical exchange meetings

Chlorine Symposium

plant performance optimisation

benchmarking

remembraning/recoating

revamps

delivery of spare parts

element upgrades.

Our regular consultancy visitsto customers keep them in-formed about the latest technicaldevelopments or revamping activities, and by organisingand supporting technical ex-change meetings and symposia,for example the Chlorine Sym-posium held every 3 years atUhde’s head office in Germany,we promote active communica-tion between customers, part-ners and our own specialists.This enables our customers tobenefit from the developmentof new technologies and the exchange of experience as wellas troubleshooting information.

We monitor, analyse and opti-mise plant performance duringthe entire lifetime of a plant,applying our integrated per-formance analysis systemUhde IntegratorTM,which con-sists of three different levels:

Level 1:Electrolyser interlocking system Uhde GuardTM. This mandatory safety device pro-tects the electrolysers should malfunctioning occur.Element administration pro-gram Uhde AdministratorTM. This program is used to ad-ministrate cell components and to record and analyse cell assembly data as well as operating data.Uhde data acquisition terminal Uhde ScanTM. This unit reads information on the electrolysis cell compart-ments from a bar code and transfers this information to the Uhde AdministratorTM. It also offers forms for docu-mentation and administrationpurposes.

Level 2:Single-element analyser Uhde EvaluatorTM. This sys-tem monitors cell element voltages and analyses mem-brane and coating perform- ance.

Level 3:Remote data analysis. Data acquired with the Uhde EvaluatorTM can be sent by automatic data transfer to Uhde to permit further analysis by our specialists in Germany.

Integrated performance analysis system Uhde IntegratorTM

21

Uhde offersoptimum solutionsright down to the last detail.

We also provide a support service for our customers during the remembraning andrecoating of single elements,i.e. the renting out of cell elements or supervision of cell assembly by our specialists.And the direct delivery of spareparts has always been part ofour technology services, too.

On top of this, it has alwaysbeen Uhde’s aim to enable allcustomers to profit from newdevelopments. The "Single-Element Upgrade" programmefor performance improvementis one of these recent develop-ments. By removing the anodein the anode compartment ofolder versions of the Uhde single element and replacing itwith the latest anode type, element performance can besignificantly improved, resultingin:

massive power savings as well as a reduction of CO2 emissions.

Ideally, an element upgrade iscarried out during the regularelement recoating phase. Whilethe cathodes are being recoat-ed as usual, the anode isequipped with brand new,freshly coated electrodes. Thisapproach minimises both thedowntime of the electrolysisplant and maintenance costs.

22

Bayer AG,Leverkusen/GermanyCapacity:395,000 t / year NaOH,350,000 t / year Cl2

2312. A full range of services from a single source

Uhde is dedicated to providingits customers with a wide rangeof services and to supportingthem in their efforts to succeedin their line of business. Withour worldwide network of sub-sidiaries, associates and experi-enced local representatives, aswell as first-class backing fromour head office, Uhde is in anideal position to achieve thisgoal.

We at Uhde place particular im-portance on interacting withcustomers at an early stage tocombine their ambition and ex-pertise with our experience.Whenever necessary we givepotential customers the oppor-tunity to visit operating plantsand to personally evaluate suchmatters as process operability,maintenance and on-streamtime. We aim to build our futurebusiness on the confidence ourcustomers place in us. Fromthe initial feasibility study,through financing and projectmanagement to the commis-sioning of units and grassrootsplants, Uhde's range of ser-vices goes beyond those com-monly associated with an EPCcontractor.

Our impressive portfolio of services includes:

Feasibility studies/technologyselection

Project management

Arrangement of financing

Financial guidance based on intimate knowledge of local laws, regulations and tax procedures

Environmental studies

Basic/detail engineering

Utilities/off-sites/infrastructure

Procurement/inspection/ transportation services

Civil works and erection

Commissioning

Training of operating personnel

Plant operation/maintenance

Customer services.

The policy of the Uhde group isto ensure utmost quality in theimplementation of our projects.Our head office and subsidiariesworldwide are certified to theDIN / ISO 9001 / EN29001quality standard + SCC.

And our services don't stop onproject completion. Partneringis our byword. We promote active communication betweencustomers, partners, operatorsand our specialists.

We like to cultivate our businessrelationships and learn moreabout the future goals of ourcustomers.

Uhde stands for tailor-madeconcepts and internationalcompetence – competence that is based on more than 200 plants featuring Uhde electrolysis technology world-wide.

For more information contactone of the Uhde offices nearyou or visit our web-site:

www.thyssenkrupp.com/uhde

Further information on this subject can also be found on the DVD:

The next generation

which is available in Englishfree of charge from:

Ms Klimeck,

Public Relations,

info.uhde@thyssenkrupp.com

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