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TRANSCRIPT
PHARMACOTHERAPY
PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE
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NOTICE
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge,
changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked
with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally
in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human
error or changes in medical sciences, neither the editors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been
involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is
in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for
the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm
the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to
check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be
certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the
recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular
importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
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PHARMACOTHERAPY
PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE
EDITORS
MARIE A. CHISHOLM-BURNS, PHARMD, FCCP, FASHP
Professor and HeadDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceThe University of Arizona College of PharmacyTucson, Arizona
BARBARA G. WELLS, PHARMD, FASHP, FCCP, BCPP
Professor and DeanSchool of PharmacyThe University of MississippiUniversity, Mississippi
TERRY L. SCHWINGHAMMER, PHARMD, FCCP, FASHP,BCPS
Professor and Chair of Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West Virginia
PATRICK M. MALONE, PHARMD, FASHP
Assistant Dean and Professor of Pharmacy PracticeSchool of PharmacyUniversity of FindlayFindlay, Ohio
JILL M. KOLESAR, PHARMD, BCPS
Associate ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin School of PharmacyFaculty SupervisorAnalytical Instrumentation LaboratoryMadison, Wisconsin
JOHN C. ROTSCHAFER, PHARMD, FCCP
ProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota
JOSEPH T. DIPIRO, PHARMD, FCCP
Professor and Executive DeanSouth Carolina College of PharmacyUniversity of South Carolina, ColumbiaMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, South Carolina
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico CityMilan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
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PHARMACOTHERAPY PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE
Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rightsreserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as per-mitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part ofthis publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form orby any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of the publisher.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 xxx/xxx 0 9 8 7
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-144880-2ISBN-10: 0-07-144880-2
This book was set in Minion by International Typesetting andComposition.The editors were Michael Brown, Jason Malley, Robert Pancotti, andRegina Y. Brown.The production supervisor was Philip Galea.The text designer was Joan O’Connor.The cover designer was __________.The indexer was __________.____________ was printer and binder.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Please tell the author and publisher what you think of this book bysending your comments to [email protected] the author and title of the book in the subject line.
Cover images copyright © 2006 by Obi-Tabot Tabe, PharmD. Theimages used on the cover and spine are taken from an 18'' × 24'' oilpainting by Obi-Tabot Tabe, PharmD, a painter, graphic designer,scientific illustrator, and pharmacist. Dr. Tabe, originally fromCameroon, is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh, School ofPharmacy. The painting represents the use of loop diuretics in thetreatment of edema and hypertension. A schematic drawing of thenephron and skeletal representations of molecular structures of twoloop diuretics (furosemide and ethacrynic acid) are incorporated intothe design. Two pharmacokinetic curves (IV bolus infusion and oraldrug administration) associated with drug monitoring and drugregimen adjustments are also evident in this abstract design.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pharmacotherapy principles & practice / editors,Marie A. Chisholm-Burns . . . [et al.].
p. ; cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 978-0-07-144880-2 (alk. paper)ISBN-10: 0-07-144880-2 (alk. paper)1. Chemotherapy—Textbooks. I. Chisholm, Marie A. II. Title:
Pharmacotherapy principles and practice.[DNLM: 1. Drug Therapy. WB 330 P53592 2007]
RM262.P475 2007615.5′8—dc22
2006046830
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CONTENTS
v
Contributors ixReviewers xxiPreface xxix
PART ONE. BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY PRINCIPLESAND PRACTICE 1
1. Introduction 3Jack E. Fincham
PART TWO. DISORDERS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS 7
Section 1. Cardiovascular Disorders 9
2. Hypertension 9Robert J. Straka, R. Todd Burkhardt, and David Parra
3. Heart Failure 33Orly Vardeny and Tien M. H. Ng
4. Ischemic Heart Disease 63Larisa H. Cavallari and Robert J. DiDomenico
5. Acute Coronary Syndromes 83Sarah A. Spinler and Simon de Denus
6. Arrhythmias 107James E. Tisdale
7. Venous Thromboembolism 133Stuart T. Haines and Edith A. Nutescu
8. Stroke 161Susan R. Winkler
9. Hyperlipidemia 175Matthew K. Ito
10. Hypovolemic Shock 195Bradley A. Boucher and G. Christopher Wood
Section 2. Respiratory Disorders 209
11. Asthma 209W. Greg Leader
12. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 231Tara R. Whetsel and Nicole D. Verkleeren
13. Cystic Fibrosis 245Kimberly J. Novak
Section 3. Gastrointestinal Disorders 257
14. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 257Dianne B. Williams and Marie A. Chisholm
15. Peptic Ulcer Disease 269Jeffrey J. Fong and John W. Devlin
16. Inflammatory Bowel Disease 281Brian A. Hemstreet
17. Nausea and Vomiting 295Sheila Wilhelm
18. Constipation, Diarrhea, and IrritableBowel Syndrome 307Beverly Mims and Clarence Curry
19. Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis 323Laurajo Ryan
20. Pancreatitis 337Joseph J. Kishel
21. Viral Hepatitis 345Juliana Chan
Section 4. Renal Disorders 361
22. Acute Renal Failure 361Mary K. Stamatakis
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23. Chronic and End-Stage Renal Disease 373Kristine S. Schonder
24. Fluids and Electrolytes 403Mark A. Malesker and Lee E. Morrow
25. Acid-Base Disturbances 419Lee E. Morrow and Mark A. Malesker
Section 5. Neurologic Disorders
26. Multiple Sclerosis 431Melody Ryan
27. Epilepsy 443Timothy E. Welty and Edward Faught
28. Status Epilepticus 461Gretchen M. Brophy and Eljim P. Tesoro
29. Parkinson’s Disease 473Mary L. Wagner
30. Pain Management 487Christine K. O’Neil
31. Headache 501Leigh Ann Ross and Brendan S. Ross
Section 6. Psychiatric Disorders
32. Alzheimer’s Disease 513Gary M. Levin, Toya M. Bowles, and Megan J. Ehret
33. Substance-Related Disorders 525Sally K. Guthrie, Kirk J. Brower,and Maher Karam-Hage
34. Schizophrenia 549Deanna L. Kelly and Elaine Weiner
35. Major Depressive Disorder 569Marshall Cates, Angela Passero,and Jacqueline Feldman
36. Bipolar Disorder 585Brian L. Crabtree and Martha J. Faulkner
37. Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder,and Social Anxiety Disorder 605Sheila Botts, Tawny Bettinger, and Brian Greenlee
38. Sleep Disorders 621John M. Dopp and Bradley G. Phillips
39. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 633Kevin W. Cleveland and John Erramouspe
Section 7. Endocrinologic Disorders
40. Diabetes Mellitus 643Christopher L. Cook, John T. Johnson,and William E. Wade
41. Thyroid Disorders 667Michael D. Katz
42. Adrenal Gland Disorders 685Devra K. Dang, Judy T. Chen, Frank Pucino, Jr.,and Karim Anton Calis
43. Pituitary Gland Disorders 701Judy T. Chen, Devra K. Dang, Frank Pucino, Jr.,and Karim Anton Calis
Section 8. Gynecologic and Obstetric Disorders
44. Pregnancy and Lactation: TherapeuticConsiderations 721Deborah Sturpe and Kari Alperovitz-Bichell
45. Contraception 737Julie M. Koehler and Kathleen B. Haynes
46. Pharmacotherapy Essentials 751Elena M. Umland, Lara C. Weinstein,and Abby Morris
47. Hormone-Replacement Therapy in Menopause 765Nicole S. Culhane and Melissa A. Somma
Section 9. Urologic Disorders
48. Erectile Dysfunction 779Cara Liday and Catherine Heyneman
49. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 791Mary Lee and Roohollah Sharifi
50. Urinary Incontinence and Pediatric Enuresis 803David R.P. Guay
Section 10. Immunologic Disorders
51. Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions 819J. Russell May and Philip H. Smith
52. Solid-Organ Transplantation 829Steven Gabardi and Ali J. Olyaei
vi CONTENTS
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Section 11. Bone and Joint Disorders 853
53. Osteoporosis 853Beth Bryles Phillips
54. Rheumatoid Arthritis 867Susan P. Bruce
55. Osteoarthritis 879Benjamin J. Epstein, John G. Gums, and Karen Hall
56. Gout and Hyperuricemia 891Geoffrey C. Wall
57. Musculoskeletal Disorders 899Jill S. Burkiewicz
Section 12. Disorders of the Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat 909
58. Glaucoma 909Mikael D. Jones
59. Allergic Rhinitis 925Kristi N. Hofer and Michelle W. McCarthy
60. Minor Ophthalmic Disorders 935Kendra J. Grande
Section 13. Dermatologic Disorders 949
61. Psoriasis 949Rebecca M.T. Law
62. Common Skin Disorders 959Angie L. Goeser
Section 14. Hematologic Disorders 975
63. Anemia 975Edward C. Li and James M. Hoffman
64. Coagulation Disorders 987Alma Hamidovic
65. Sickle Cell Disease 1003Tracy M. Hagemann and Teresa V. Lewis
Section 15. Diseases of Infectious Origin 1019
66. Antimicrobial Regimen Selection 1019Catherine M. Oliphan and Karl Madaras-Kelly
67. Central Nervous System Infections 1033S. Diane Goodwin and Charles E. Hartis
68. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 1049Diane M. Cappelletty
69. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 1061Heather L. VandenBussche
70. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections 1075A. Christie Graham and Randy Wesnitzer
71. Infective Endocarditis 1089Ronda L. Akins
72. Tuberculosis 1105Charles A. Peloquin and Rocsanna Namdar
73. Gastrointestinal Infections 1117Elizabeth D. Hermsen and Ziba Jalali
74. Intraabdominal Infections 1129Joseph T. DiPiro and Thomas R. Howdieshell
75. Parasitic Diseases 1139J.V. Anandan
76. Urinary Tract Infection 1151Brian A. Potoski
77. Sexually Transmitted Infections 1159Marlon Honeywell and Michael Thompson
78. Osteomyelitis 1177Melinda M. Neuhauser and Susan L. Pendland
79. Sepsis and Septic Shock 1185S. Scott Sutton
80. Superficial Fungal Infections 1199Lauren S. Schlesselman
81. Invasive Fungal Infections 1211Russell E. Lewis and P. David Rogers
82. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery 1231Jeremy A. Schafer and John C. Rotschafer
83. Vaccines and Toxoids 1239Marianne Billeter
84. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 1253Amanda Corbett, Rosa Yeh, Julie Dumond,and Angela D.M. Kashuba
CONTENTS vii
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Section 16. Oncologic Disorders 1277
85. Cancer Chemotherapy and Treatment 1277Dianne Brundage
86. Breast Cancer 1303Kristine Hahn and Laura Boehnke Michaud
87. Lung Cancer 1323Val Adams and Justin Balko
88. Colorectal Cancer 1341Patrick J. Medina
89. Prostate Cancer 1357Jill M. Kolesar
90. Malignant Lymphomas 1371Chris Fausel
91. Ovarian Cancer 1385Judith A. Smith
92. Acute Leukemias 1397Nancy Heideman
93. Chronic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma 1415Amy M. Pick and Timothy R. McGuire
94. Skin Cancer 1425Trinh Pham
95. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation 1447Jeannine S. McCune
96. Oncologic Emergencies 1467Brad L. Stanford
Section 17. Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders 1493
97. Parenteral Nutrition 1493Michael D. Kraft and Imad F. Btaiche
98. Enteral Nutrition 1511Sarah J. Miller
99. Overweight and Obesity 1529Maqual R. Graham and Cameron C. Lindsey
Appendices 1541
Appendix A: Conversion Factors and Anthropometrics 1541
Appendix B: Common Laboratory Tests 1545
Appendix C: Common Medical Abbreviations 1551
Appendix D: Glossary 1557
Index 0000
viii CONTENTS
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CONTRIBUTORS
ix
Val R. Adams, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of KentuckyOncology Clinical SpecialistMarkey Cancer CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 87: Lung Cancer
Ronda L. Akins, PharmDAssistant Professor–Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Louisiana at MonroeCollege of PharmacyMonroe, LouisianaChapter 71: Infective Endocarditis
Kari Alperovitz-Bichell, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorFamily MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineUniversity of Maryland Medical SystemBaltimore, MarylandChapter 44: Pregnancy and Lactation: Therapeutic Considerations
J. V. Anandan, PharmDAdjunct Associate Professor of PharmacyEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityPharmacy SpecialistHenry Ford HospitalDetroit, MichiganChapter 75: Parasitic Diseases
Justin M. Balko, PharmDGraduate StudentUniversity of KentuckyPharmacistUK Chandler Medical CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 87: Lung Cancer
Tawny L. Bettinger, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas at AustinCollege of PharmacyAustin, TexasChapter 37: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder,and Social Anxiety Disorder
Marianne Billeter, PharmD, BCPS Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistInfectious DiseasesOchsner Clinic FoundationNew Orleans, LouisianaChapter 83: Vaccines and Toxoids
Sheila R. Botts, PharmD, BCPPAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistPsychiatryLexington Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 37: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder,and Social Anxiety Disorder
Bradley A. Boucher, PharmD, FCCP, FCCMProfessor of PharmacyDepartment of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterClinical PharmacistRegional Medical Center at MemphisMemphis, TennesseeChapter 10: Hypovolemic Shock
Toya M. Bowles, PharmD, BCPPSenior Medical Science ManagerOrganon USAHallandale Beach, FloridaChapter 32: Alzheimer’s Disease
Gretchen M. Brophy, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP, FCCMAssociate Professor of Pharmacy and NeurosurgeryClinical SpecialistNeuroscience Intensive Care UnitVirginia Commonwealth UniversityMedical College of Virginia CampusRichmond, VirginiaChapter 28: Status Epilepticus
Kirk J. Brower, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolExecutive DirectorChelsea Arbor Addiction Treatment CenterAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 33: Substance-Related Disorders
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Susan P. Bruce, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeAlbany College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistThe Center for RheumatologyAlbany, New YorkChapter 54: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Dianne Brundage, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCOPOncology Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistMethodist Hospital/Park Nicollet Health ServicesMethodist HospitalMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 85: Cancer Chemotherapy and Treatment
Imad F. Btaiche, BS, PharmD, BCNSPClinical Associate Professor of PharmacyDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistUniversity of Michigan Hospitals and Health CentersAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 97: Parenteral Nutrition
R. Todd Burkhardt, PharmDResearch FellowCardiovascular PharmacotherapyExperimental and Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 2: Hypertension
Jill S. Burkiewicz, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor and DirectorPrimary Care Residency ProgramMidwestern University Chicago College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistMercy Family Health Center–ChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 57: Musculoskeletal Disorders
Karim Anton Calis, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, BCNSP, FASHP, FCCPClinical ProfessorUniversity of MarylandShenandoah University, and Medical College of VirginiaVirginia Commonwealth UniversityClinical SpecialistEndocrinology and Women’s HealthDirectorDrug Information ServiceMark O. Hatfield Clinical Research CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesda, MarylandChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders
Diane M. Cappelletty, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeThe University of Toledo College of PharmacyAdjunct Assistant ProfessorDepartment of MedicineMedical University of OhioToledo, OhioChapter 68: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Marshall E. Cates, PharmD, BCPP, FASHPAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeSamford University McWhorter School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavorial NeurobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 35: Major Depressive Disorder
Larisa H. Cavallari, PharmDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 4: Ischemic Heart Disease
Juliana Chan, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeCollege of PharmacyDepartment of MedicineSections of Digestive Diseases and NutritionSection of HepatologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 21: Viral Hepatitis
Judy T. Chen, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticePurdue UniversitySchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesPharmacotherapistTippecanoe Community Health ClinicWest Lafayette, IndianaChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders
Marie A. Chisholm-Burns, PharmD, FCCP, FASHPProfessor and HeadDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceThe University of Arizona College of PharmacyTucson, ArizonaChapter 14: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Kevin W. Cleveland, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorIdaho State UniversityPocatello, IdahoChapter 39: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
x CONTRIBUTORS
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Christopher L. Cook, PharmD, PhDClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyAthens, GeorgiaChapter 40: Diabetes Mellitus
Amanda H. Corbett, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorSchool of PharmacyUniversity of North CarolinaClinical PharmacistUniversity of North Carolina Health CareInfectious Disease ClinicChapel Hill, North CarolinaChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Brian L. Crabtree, PharmD, BCPPAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeClinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry,University of Mississippi School of PharmacyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterSchool of MedicinePsychopharmacologistMississippi State HospitalWhitfield, MississippiChapter 36: Bipolar Disorder
Nicole S. Culhane, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeWilkes UniversityNesbitt College of Pharmacy and NursingClinical Pharmacist FacultyWyoming Valley Family Practice ResidencyWilkes-Barre, PennsylvaniaChapter 47: Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause
Clarence E. Curry, Jr., PharmDAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyCPNAHSHoward UniversityClinical PharmacistAmbulatory CareHoward University Hospital ClinicsWashington, DCChapter 18: Constipation, Diarrhea, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Devra K. Dang, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Connecticut School of PharmacyClinical FacultySt. Francis Hospital/UCONN Primary Care Center at Burgdorf Health CenterInstructorDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineHartford, ConnecticutChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders
Simon de Denus, BPharm, MScAssistant ProfessorFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Montreal Pharmacy DepartmentFellow in Cardiovascular ResearchMontreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebec, CanadaChapter 5: Acute Coronary Syndromes
John W. Devlin, PharmD, BCPS, FCCMAssociate ProfessorNortheastern University School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistMedical Intensive Care UnitTufts-New England Medical CenterBoston, MassachusettsChapter 15: Peptic Ulcer Disease
Robert J. DiDomenico, PharmDClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of IllinoisCardiovascular Clinical PharmacistUniversity of Illinois Medical Center at ChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 4: Ischemic Heart Disease
Joseph T. DiPiro, PharmD, FCCPProfessor and Executive DeanSouth Carolina College of PharmacyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, South CarolinaChapter 74: Intraabdominal Infections
John M. Dopp, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison School of MedicineClinical PharmacistUniversity of Wisconsin Sleep Disorders CenterMadison, WisconsinChapter 38: Sleep Disorders
Julie Dumond, PharmDUniversity of North Carolina–Chapel HillSchool of PharmacyChapel Hill, North CarolinaChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Megan J. Ehret, PharmDClinical Psychopharmacology and Pharmacogenomics FellowNova Southeastern UniversityFort Lauderdale, FloridaChapter 32: Alzheimer’s Disease
CONTRIBUTORS xi
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Benjamin J. Epstein, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartments of Pharmacy Practice and Internal MedicineColleges of Pharmacy and MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FloridaChapter 55: Osteoarthritis
John Erramouspe, PharmD, MSProfessorIdaho State University College of PharmacyPocatello, IdahoChapter 39: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Edward Faught, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineDirectorUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Epilepsy CenterBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 27: Epilepsy
Martha J. Faulkner, BSN, MSW, MSN, LISW, CNPNurse PractitionerUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 36: Bipolar Disorder
Christopher A. Fausel, PharmD, BCOPAdjunct Associate Professor of MedicineIndiana University Cancer CenterClinical PharmacistHematology/Oncology/BMTIndiana University HospitalIndianapolis, IndianaChapter 90: Malignant Lymphomas
Jacqueline Maus Feldman, MDPatrick H. Linton ProfessorUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineDirectorDivision of Public PsychiatryCommunity Psychiatry ProgramBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 35: Major Depressive Disorder
Jack E. Fincham, BS, PhDA.W. Jowdy Professor of Pharmacy CareThe University of Georgia College of PharmacyInterim Department ChairDepartment of Clinical and Administrative PharmacyAthens, GeorgiaChapter 1: Introduction
Jeffrey J. Fong, PharmDCritical Care FellowNortheastern University School of PharmacyTufts-New England Medical CenterBoston, MassachusettsChapter 15: Peptic Ulcer Disease
Steven Gabardi, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Clinical ProfessorNortheastern UniversityBouvé College of Health SciencesRenal Transplant Clinical SpecialistBrigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MassachusettsChapter 52: Solid Organ Transplantation
Angie L. Goeser, PharmDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeCreighton University School of Pharmacy and Health ProfessionsOmaha, NebraskaChapter 62: Common Skin Disorders
S. Diane Goodwin, PharmD, FCCPClinical Pharmacist Tex HealthcareRaleigh, North CarolinaChapter 67: Central Nervous System Infections
A. Christie Graham, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Wyoming School of PharmacyCasper, WyomingChapter 70: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Maqual R. Graham, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Missouri–Kansas CityClinical Pharmacy SpecialistVeterans Affairs Medical Center–Kansas CityKansas City, MissouriChapter 99: Overweight and Obesity
Kendra J. Grande, RPhConsultant PharmacistAbelian ConsultingStevensville, MarylandChapter 60: Minor Ophthalmic Disorders
Brian A. Greenlee, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryNeuropsychiatry Clinic DirectorUniversity of KentuckyLexington, KentuckyChapter 37: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and SocialAnxiety Disorder
David R. P. Guay, PharmDProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaConsultantDivision of GeriatricsHealthPartners Inc.Minneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 50: Urinary Incontinence and Pediatric Enuresis
xii CONTRIBUTORS
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John G. Gums, PharmDProfessor of Pharmacy and MedicineDepartments of Pharmacy Practice and Community Health and Family MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FloridaChapter 55: Osteoarthritis
Sally K. Guthrie, PharmDAssociate Professor of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy and Department of PsychiatryThe University of MichiganThe University of Michigan HospitalsAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 33: Substance-Related Disorders
Tracy M. Hagemann, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Oklahoma College of PharmacyClinical Pediatric SpecialistOklahoma City, OklahomaChapter 65: Sickle Cell Disease
Kristine Hahn, PharmDPostdoctural FellowUniversity of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer CenterMadison, WisconsinChapter 86: Breast Cancer
Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, FCCP, FASHPProfessor and Vice ChairPharmacotherapy SpecialistUniversity of Maryland School of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceUniversity of Maryland Medical Center-Antithrombosis ServicesBaltimore, MarylandChapter 7: Venous Thromboembolism
Karen L. Hall, MDAssociate Professor and Residency Program DirectorDepartment of Community Health and Family MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesville, FloridaChapter 55: Osteoarthritis
Alma Hamidovic, PharmDPostdoctoral Oncology FellowUniversity of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer CenterMadison, WisconsinChapter 64: Coagulation Disorders
Charles Hartis, PharmDAntibiotic Management/Clinical Improvement PharmacistForsyth Medical CenterWinston-Salem, North CarolinaChapter 67: Central Nervous System Infections
Kathleen B. Haynes, PharmD, BCPSAdjunct Assistant ProfessorButler UniversityDisease Management PharmacistVEI/Community Health NetworkCarmel, IndianaChapter 45: Contraception
Nancy Heideman, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of New Mexico College of PharmacyUniversity of New Mexico Children’s HospitalAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 92: Acute Leukemias
Brian A. Hemstreet, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Colorado School of PharmacyDenver, ColoradoChapter 16: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Elizabeth D. Hermsen, PharmD, MBAAntimicrobial SpecialistThe Nebraska Medical CenterAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center College of PharmacyOmaha, NebraskaChapter 73: Gastrointestinal Infections
Catherine A. Heyneman, MS, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeIdaho State University College of PharmacyDirector of Idaho Drug Information ServicePocatello, IdahoChapter 48: Erectile Dysfunction
Kristi N. Hofer, PharmDScientific Project ManagerASHP AdvantageCharlottesville, VirginiaChapter 59: Allergic Rhinitis
James M. Hoffman, PharmD, MSMedication Outcomes CoordinatorPharmaceutical DepartmentSt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphis, TennesseeChapter 63: Anemias
Marlon Honeywell, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeFlorida A&M UniversityClinical PharmacistBond Community Health CenterTallahassee, FloridaChapter 77: Sexually Transmitted Infections
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
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Thomas R. Howdieshell, MD, FACS, FCCPAssociate Professor of SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of New Mexico Health Science CenterDivision of Trauma/Surgical Critical CareAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 74: Intraabdominal Infections
Matthew K. Ito, PharmD, FCCP, BCPSChair, Department of Pharmacy PracticeProfessor of Pharmacy PracticeCollege of PharmacyOregon State UniversityPortland, OregonChapter 9: Hyperlipidemia
Ziba Jalali, MDUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NebraskaChapter 73: Gastrointestinal Infections
Tommy Johnson, PharmD, CDEClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyAthens Primary CareMercy Health CenterAthens, GeorgiaChapter 40 : Diabetes Mellitus
Mikael D. Jones, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky College of PharmacyLexington, KentuckyChapter 58: Glaucoma
Maher Karam-Hage, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganMedical DirectorChelsea Arbor Addiction Treatment CenterAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 33: Substance-Related Disorders
Angela D. M. Kashuba, BScPharm, PharmD, DABCPAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North CarolinaChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Michael D. Katz, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Arizona College of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceTucson, ArizonaChapter 41: Thyroid Disorders
Deanna L. Kelly, PharmD, BCPPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MarylandMaryland Psychiatric Research CenterBaltimore, MarylandChapter 34: Schizophrenia
Joseph J. Kishel, Jr., PharmD, BCPSAdjunct Instructor of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineClinical Pharmacy Specialist–Infectious DiseasesM.S. Hershey Medical CenterHershey, PennsylvaniaChapter 20: Pancreatitis
Julie M. Koehler, PharmDAssociate Professor and Chair of Pharmacy PracticeButler University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesClinical PharmacistFamily MedicineClarian Health Partner and the Indiana University-MethodistFamily Residency ProgramIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IndianaChapter 45: Contraception
Jill M. Kolesar, PharmD, BCPS, FCCPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin School of PharmacyFaculty SupervisorAnalytical Instrumentation LaboratoryMadison, WisconsinChapter 89: Prostate Cancer
Michael D. Kraft, PharmDClinial Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyClincial Pharmacist-Surgery/Surgical ICU/Nutrition SupportUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn Arbor, MichiganChapter 97: Parenteral Nutrition
Rebecca M. T. Law, BScPharm, PharmDAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyMemorial University of NewfoundlandNewfoundland, CanadaChapter 61: Psoriasis
Cara Lawless-Liday, PharmDAssociate ProfessorIdaho State UniversityIntermountain Medical ClinicPocatello, IdahoChapter 48: Erectile Dysfunction
xiv CONTRIBUTORS
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W. Greg Leader, PharmDAssociate DeanAcademic AffairsUniversity of Louisiana MonroeCollege of PharmacyMonroe, LouisianaChapter 11: Asthma
Mary Lee, PharmD, BCPS, FCCPDean and ProfessorMidwestern University Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 49: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Gary M. Levin, PharmD, BCPP, FCCPProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeNova Southeastern UniversityCollege of PharmacyFort Lauderdale, FloridaChapter 32: Alzheimer’s Disease
Russell E. Lewis, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Houston College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistInfectious DiseasesDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TexasChapter 81: Invasive Fungal Infections
Teresa V. Lewis, PharmDPediatric Pharmacotherapy FellowUniversity of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOU Medical CenterOklahoma City, OklahomaChapter 65: Sickle Cell Disease
Edward C. Li, PharmDAssistant ProfessorWilkes University–Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and NursingWilkes-Barre, PennsylvaniaChapter 63: Anemias
Cameron C. Lindsey, PharmD, BC-ADMAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Missouri–Kansas City School of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistVeterans Affairs Medical Center–Kansas CityKansas City, MissouriChapter 99: Overweight and Obesity
Karl Madaras-Kelly, PharmDAssociate ProfessorCollege of PharmacyIdaho State UniversityBoise, IdahoChapter 66: Antimicrobial Regimen Selection
Mark A. Malesker, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy Practice and MedicineClinical Pharmacy SpecialistCreighton University Medical CenterOmaha, NebraskaChapter 24: Fluids and ElectrolytesChapter 25: Acid-Base Disturbances
J. Russell May, PharmD, FASHPClinical ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistMedical College of Georgia Health SystemAugusta, GeorgiaChapter 51: Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions
Michelle W. McCarthy, PharmDDrug Information SpecialistUniversity of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesville, VirginiaChapter 59: Allergic Rhinitis
Jeannine S. McCune, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of WashingtonAffiliate InvestigatorFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WashingtonChapter 95: Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Timothy R. McGuire, BS, PharmD, FCCPAssociate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterCollege of PharmacyOmaha, NebraskaChapter 93: Chronic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma
Patrick J. Medina, PharmD, BCOPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOklahoma City, OklahomaChapter 88: Colorectal Cancer
Laura Boehnke Michaud, PharmDClinical Pharmacy SpecialistThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TexasChapter 86: Breast Cancer
Sarah J. Miller, PharmD, BCNSPUniversity of Montana Skaggs School of PharmacyPharmacy Clinical CoordinatorSaint Patrick HospitalMissoula, MontanaChapter 98: Enteral Nutrition
CONTRIBUTORS xv
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Beverly Mims, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeHoward University School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistHoward University HospitalWashington, DCChapter 18: Constipation, Diarrhea, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Abby Morris, MDFamily Medicine ResidentThomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 46: Menstruation-Related Disorders
Lee E. Morrow, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineCreighton University Medical CenterOmaha, NebraskaChapter 24: Fluids and ElectrolytesChapter 25: Acid-Base Disturbances
Rocsanna Namdar, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of New MexicoCollege of PharmacyAlbuquerque, New MexicoChapter 72: Tuberculosis
Melinda Margaret Neuhauser, PharmDClinical Pharmacy SpecialistInfectious DiseasesU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsPharmacy Benefits Management Strategic Health GroupHines, IllinoisChapter 78: Osteomyelitis
Tien M. H. Ng, BSPharm, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmaceuticalEconomics and PolicyDepartment of PharmacyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CaliforniaChapter 3: Heart Failure
Kimberly J. Novak, PharmDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorThe Ohio State University College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy Specialist/Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildren’s HospitalColumbus, OhioAdjunct Assistant ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantown, West VirginiaChapter 13: Cystic Fibrosis
Edith A. Nutescu, PharmDClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeDirectorAntithrombosis CenterUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 7: Venous Thromboembolism
Catherine M. Oliphant, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeIdaho State University College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistSt. Luke’s Internal MedicineBoise, IdahoChapter 66: Antimicrobial Regimen Selection
Ali J. Olyaei, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of MedicineDirectorClinical ResearchNephrology and HypertensionOregon Health and Sciences UniversityClinical PharamcotherapistUniversity HospitalPortland, OregonChapter 52: Solid Organ Transplantation
Christine K. O’Neil, PharmD, BCPS, CGP, FCCPAssociate ProfessorDuquesne UniversityMylan School of PharmacyDirectorCenter for Pharmacy CarePittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 30: Pain Management
David Parra, PharmD, BCPSClinical Pharmacy Specialist in CardiologyDepartment of CardiologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterClinical Assistant ProfessorExperimental and Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 2: Hypertension
Angela Ann Passero, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorAuburn UniversityHarrison School of PharmacyClinical PharmacistDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 35: Major Depressive Disorder
xvi CONTRIBUTORS
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Charles A. Peloquin, PharmDAdjoint Professor of Pharmacy and MedicineUniversity of ColoradoDirectorInfectious Disease Pharmcokinetics LaboratoryNational Jewish Medical and Research CenterDenver, ColoradoChapter 72: Tuberculosis
Susan L. Pendland, MS, PharmDAdjunct Associate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IllinoisChapter 78: OsteomyelitisTrinh Pham, PharmD, BCOPAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Connecticut School of PharmacyAssistant Clinical ProfessorYale New Haven HospitalNew Haven, ConnecticutChapter 94: Skin Cancer
Beth Bryles Phillips, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor (Clinical)University of Iowa College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy SpecialistAmbulatory CareUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa City, IowaChapter 53: Osteoporosis
Bradley G. Phillips, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of IowaCollege of PharmacyIowa City, IowaChapter 38: Sleep Disorders
Amy Marie Pick, PharmDAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeCreighton UniversityOncology Clinical PharmacistNebraska Methodist HospitalOmaha, NebraskaChapter 93: Chronic Leukemias and Multiple Myeloma
Brian A. Potoski, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyClinical SpecialistAntibiotic Management ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPresbyterian University HospitalPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 76: Urinary Tract Infection
Frank Pucino, Jr., PharmD, BCPS, FASHP, FDPGECAmbulatory Care Clinical Pharmacy Team LeaderNational Institutes of Health Clinical CenterBethesda, MarylandChapter 42: Adrenal Gland DisordersChapter 43: Pituitary Gland Disorders
Phillip David Rogers, PharmD, PhD, FCCPAssociate Professor of PharmacyAssistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences and PediatricsMemberChildren’s Foundation Research Center of MemphisUniversity of Tennessee College of PharmacyMemphis, TennesseeChapter 81: Invasive Fungal InfectionsBrendan S. Ross, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Mississippi School of PharmacyStaff PhysicianG. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical CenterJackson, MississippiChapter 31: Headache
Leigh Ann Ross, PharmD, BCPS, CDEAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Mississippi School of PharmacyDirectorPharmaceutical Care ServicesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, MississippiChapter 31: Headache
John C. Rotschafer, PharmD, FCCPProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 82: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery
Laurajo Ryan, PharmD, BCPS, CDEClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan Antonio, TexasChapter 19: Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis
Melody Ryan, PharmDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky College of PharmacyClinical Specialist in NeurologyVeterans Affairs Medical CenterLexington, KentuckyChapter 26: Multiple Sclerosis
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
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Jeremy A. Schafer, PharmDInfectious Diseases Research FellowUniversity of Minnesota College of PharmacyMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 82: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery
Lauren S. Schlesselman, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Connecticut School of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeStorrs, ConnecticutChapter 80: Superficial Fungal Infections
Kristine S. Schonder, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyClinical SpecialistThomas E. Starzl Transplantation InstitutePittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 23: Chronic and End-Stage Renal Disease
Roohollah Sharifi, MD, FACSProfessor of UrologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoCollege of MedicineSection Chief of UrologyWestside Veterans Administration HospitalChicago, IllinoisChapter 49: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Judith A. Smith, PharmD, BCOPAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TexasChapter 91: Ovarian Cancer
Philip H. Smith, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineAllergy and ImmunologyMedical College of GeorgiaAssistant ProfessorMedical College of GeorgiaChildrens’ Medical CenterAugusta, GeorgiaChapter 51: Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions
Melissa A. Somma, PharmD, CDEAssistant Professor of Pharmacy and Family MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineDirectorUniversity of Pittsburgh/Rite Aid Patient Care InitiativeRite Aid CorporationPittsburgh, PennsylvaniaChapter 47: Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause
Sarah A. Spinler, PharmD, FCCPProfessor of Clinical PharmacyResidency and Fellowship Program CoordinatorPhiladelphia College of PharmacyUniversity of the Sciences in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 5: Acute Coronary Syndromes
Mary K. Stamatakis, BS, PharmDAssistant Dean and Associate ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantown, West VirginiaChapter 22: Acute Renal Failure
Brad L. Stanford, PharmD, BCOPOncology Regional Medical LiaisonAmgen Medical AffairsWolfforth, TexasChapter 96: Oncologic Emergencies
Robert J. Straka, PharmD, FCCPAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaChapter 2: Hypertension
Deborah Sturpe, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimore, MarylandChapter 44: Pregnancy and Lactation: Therapeutic Considerations
S. Scott Sutton, PharmD, BCPS Associate Clinical ProfessorUniversity of South Carolina–South Carolina College of PharmacyClinical PharmacistDorn Veterans Affairs Medical CenterColumbia, South CarolinaChapter 79: Sepsis and Septic Shock
Eljim P. Tesoro, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoPharmacotherapistDepartment of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IllinoisChapter 28: Status Epilepticus
Michael D. Thompson, PharmD, BCNSPAssistant Dean for Clinical Affairs and Professor of Pharmacy PracticeFlorida A&M UniversityTallahassee, FloridaChapter 77: Sexually Transmitted Infections
xviii CONTRIBUTORS
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James E. Tisdale, PharmDProfessorSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesPurdue UniversityAdjunct ProfessorSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolis, IndianaChapter 6: Arrhythmias
Elena M. Umland, BS, PharmDBarbara H. Korberly Professor in Women’s Leadership and HealthAssociate Professor of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of the Sciences in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia College of PharmacyAdjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Family MedicineDepartment of Family MedicineThomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 46: Menstruation-Related Disorders
Heather L. VandenBussche, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeFerris State University College of PharmacyKalamazoo, MichiganChapter 69: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Orly Vardeny, PharmDAssistant ProfessorPharmacy Practice DivisionUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonSchool of PharmacyMadison, WisconsinChapter 3: Heart Failure
Nicole D. Verkleeren, PharmDAdjunct Clinical ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyPharmacy Practice ResidentWest Virginia University HospitalsMorgantown, West VirginiaClinical PharmacistThe Western Pennsylvania HospitalForbes Regional CampusMonroeville, PennsylvaniaChapter 12: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
William E. Wade, PharmDProfessorCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaClinical PharmacistSaint Mary’s Health Care SystemsAthens, GeorgiaChapter 40: Diabetes Mellitus
Mary Louise Wagner, MS, PharmDAssociate ProfessorErnest Mario School of PharmacyRutgers–State University of New JerseyPiscataway, New JerseyChapter 29: Parkinson’s Disease
Geoffrey C. Wall, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeDrake UniversityCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesInternal Medicine Clinical PharmacistIowa Methodist Medical CenterDes Moines, IowaChapter 56: Gout and Hyperuricemia
Elaine Weiner, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Maryland Medical SchoolMedical DirectorMaryland Psychiatric Research CenterOutpatient Research ProgramCatonsville, MarylandChapter 34: Schizophrenia
Lara Carson Weinstein, MDInstructorDepartment of Family and Community MedicineJefferson Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityJefferson Family MedicinePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaChapter 46: Menstruation-Related Disorders
Timothy E. Welty, PSPharm, MA, PharmDProfessorMcWhorter School of PharmacySamford UniversityAdjunct Associate Research ProfessorDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Alabama BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaChapter 27: Epilepsy
Randy Wesnitzer, BS Pharm, PharmDClinical CoordinatorWyoming Medical CenterCasper, WyomingChapter 70: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Tara Whetsel, PharmDClinical Assistant ProfessorWest Virginia University School of PharmacyMorgantown, West VirginiaChapter 12: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CONTRIBUTORS xix
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Sheila Wilhelm, PharmDAssistant ProfessorWayne State UniversityClinical Pharmacy SpecialistInternal MedicineHarper University HospitalDetroit, MichiganChapter 17: Nausea and Vomiting
Dianne B. Williams, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Georgia College of PharmacyDrug Information and Formulary CoordinatorMCG Health, Inc.Augusta, GeorgiaChapter 14: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Susan R. Winkler, PharmD, BCPSClinical Associate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeAssistant DirectorAmbulatory Clinical ServicesDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, IllinoisChapter 8: Stroke
G. Christopher Wood, PharmDAssociate Professor of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterClinical PharmacistRegional Medical Center at MemphisMemphis, TennesseeChapter 10: Hypovolemic Shock
Rosa F. Yeh, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Houston College of PharmacyHouston, TexasChapter 84: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
xx CONTRIBUTORS
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REVIEWERS
Beth Alexander, PharmD, BCPSAssociate Professor of Physician Assistant StudiesAugsburg CollegeMinneapolis, Minnesota
Rita Alloway, PharmD, BCPSResearch ProfessorUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati, Ohio
Buge Apampa, PhD, BPharm, MRPharmSClinical LecturerPharmacy PracticeUniversities of Kent and Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom
Laurel Ashworth, PharmDProfessor Clinical and Administrative Sciences & DirectorDrug Information CenterMercer University School of Pharmacy and Allied Health SciencesAtlanta, Georgia
Sara Augustin, PharmD, BCPPClinical PharmacistDekalb Regional Crisis CenterDecatur, Georgia
Ebrahim A. Balbisi, PharmDAssistant Clinical ProfessorSt. John’s University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York
Phyllis Barks, PA, MPHAssistant Professor & Technology Development CoordinatorOregon Health & Science University School of MedicineDivision of Physician Assistant EducationPortland, Oregon
Bonnie Bata-Jones, MS, RN, FNPInstructorUniversity of MinnesotaExcelsior, Minnesota
Kathryn R. Bauer, MA, MS, APRN InstructorUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Texas
Kathleen L. Becker, MS, CRNPAssistant Professor and CoordinatorAdult Nurse Practitioner ProgramThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingAdult Nurse Practitioner
Health Care for the HomelessBaltimore, Maryland
Judith L. Beizer, PharmD, CGP, FASCPClinical ProfessorSt. John’s University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York
Renee Bellanger, PharmD, BSPharmAssistant ProfessorPharmacy PracticeThe University of the Incarnate WordSan Antonio, Texas
Mary Mescher Benbenek, MS, RN, CFNP, CPNPTeaching SpecialistUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota
Marialice Bennett, RPh, FAPhAProfessor of Clinical PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
Heather K.T. Bidinger, MMS, PA-CClinical Coordinator and Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Physician Assistant EducationAugsburg CollegeMinneapolis, Minnesota
Sarah Bland, RPhClinical InstructorUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin
Patricia J. Blumi, MSN, ARNPAdvanced Registered Nurse Practitioner—Radiation TherapyVia-Christi Cancer CenterWichita, Kansas
xxi
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John A. Bosso, PharmD, FCCP, BCPSProfessor and ChairSouth Carolina College of PharmacyClinical Specialist in Infectious DiseasesMedical University of South Carolina HospitalCharleston, South Carolina
Margaret Bowers, MSN, APRN, BCAssistant Clinical ProfessorDuke University School of NursingDurham, North Carolina
Cleopatra Branch, BSc, PharmD, MRPharmSTeacher & PractitionerMedway School of PharmacyUniversities of Kent and Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom
Joyce Brewer, PhD, CNM, CFNPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, Mississippi
David M. Brissette, MMSc, PA-CAssistant ProfessorYale University School of Medicine Physician Associate ProgramPhysician AssistantInternal MedicineYale New Haven HospitalNew Haven, Connecticut
Cori M. Brock, PharmDClinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeXavier University College of PharmacyNew Orleans, Louisiana
Denise Buonocore, MSN, APRN, CCRNAcute Care Nurse PractitionerBridgeport Hospital, BridgeportConnecticut, and Yale University School of NursingNew Haven, Connecticut
Reamer L. Bushardt, PharmD, PA-CProgram Director and Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Clinical ServicesCollege of Health ProfessionsMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, South Carolina
Wesley G. Byerly, PharmDExecutive Director for Research Regulatory Affairs and Adjunct Assistant ProfessorWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina
Cynthia Carnes, PharmD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy and BiophysicsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
Barry L. Carter, PharmDProfessorColleges of Pharmacy and MedicineThe University of IowaIowa City, Iowa
Nina Cheigh, PharmDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Illinois and University of Florida Colleges of PharmacyRye, New York
Deborah Chyun, PhD, RN, FAHAAssociate Professor and DirectorAdult Advanced Practice NursingYale University School of NursingNew Haven, Connecticut
Lorraine Cicero, MS, PharmDAssociate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeLong Island University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesBrooklyn, New York
Donald Coerver, PhD, PA-CActing InstructorMEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant StudiesSpokane, Washington
Carmita A. Coleman, PharmDAssistant Dean for Student Affairs and Associate Professorof Pharmacy PracticeFeik School of PharmacyUniversity of the Incarnate WordSan Antonio, Texas
Lynn Convery, RN, MS, CNPGerontological Nurse PractitionerHealthPartners Partnering Care Senior ServicesMinneapolis, Minnesota
Keely L. Cook, MPAS, PA-CAssistant ProfessorDoisy College of Health SciencesSaint Louis UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri
Sarah Corlett, PhD, MRPharmSUniversity of GreenwichMedway School of PharmacyChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom
xxii REVIEWERS
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Joseph E. Crea, DO, MHAAssistant ProfessorThe University of Findlay School of PharmacyPowell, Ohio
Patricia Cunningham, DNSc, APRN, BCAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterCollege of NursingMemphis, Tennessee
Petra Czarniak, BPharm, MPSLecturer in PharmaceuticsDivision of Health SciencesMurcoch University School of PharmacyMurdochWestern Australia, Australia
Bonnie A. Dadig, EdD, PA-CChair, Physician Assistant DepartmentMedical College of GeorgiaDirectorPhysician Assistant ProgramMedical College of Georgia Hospitals and ClinicsAugusta, Georgia
Larry Danziger, PharmDProfessor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of PharmacyChicago, Illinois
Lawrence Davidow, PhD, RPhClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Kansas School of PharmacyLawrence, Kansas
Jillian H. Davis, PhDAssistant ProfessorHampton University School of PharmacyHampton, Virginia
Michelle Devereaux, MA, RN, CNPPartnering Care Senior ServicesBloomington, Minnesota
Thomas C. Dowling, PharmD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland
Allan Ellsworth, PharmD, PA-CProfessor of Pharmacy and Family MedicineUniversity of Washington Schools of Pharmacy and MedicineSeattle, Washington
Katherine Erdman, MPAS, PA-CAssistant DirectorPhysician Assistant ProgramBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas
Jingyang Fan, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor of Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Southern Nevada College of PharmacyHenderson, Nevada
Carl E. Fasser, PAAssociate Professor of Family & Community Medicine and Physician AssistantBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas
Maisha Kelly Freeman, PharmD, BCPSAssistant Professor and Drug Information SpecialistSamford University McWhorter School of PharmacyBirmingham, Alabama
Mark Garrison, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacotherapy & Assistant Dean of Student ServicesWashington State University-SpokaneSpokane, Washington
Margit B. Gerardi, MS, MSA, MSN, RN-WHNPClnical InstructorUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Texas
Stuart Gill-Banham, MRPharmS, MCMHPTeacher PractitionerUniversities of Kent and Greenwich at MedwayMedway School of PharmacyChatham MaritimeKent, United Kingdom
Sveinbjörn Gizurarson, PhDProfessor of PharmaceuticsBiopharmaceutics and Clinical TherapeuticsUniversity of IcelandReykjavík, Iceland
Nancy Goldstein, MSN, CRNP, RNCInstructorThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingBaltimore, Maryland
Justine Schuller Gortney, PharmD, BCPSClinical Assistant ProfessorMercer UniversityAtlanta, Georgia
Erich J. Grant, MMS, PA-CInstructorPhysician Assistant ProgramWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina
Hillary Wall Grillo, PharmDAdjunct Assistant ProfessorShenandoah University School of PharmacyWinchester, Virginia
REVIEWERS xxiii
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Sara Haddow, MSA, PA-CInstructorPhysician Assistant DepartmentMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta, Georgia
Robert Hadley, PhD, PA-CAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky Physician Assistant ProgramLexington, Kentucky
David Hawkins, PharmDSenior Associate DeanProfessor of Pharmacy PracticeSouth University School of PharmacySavannah, Georgia
Mary S. Hayney, PharmD, BCPS, FCCPAssociate Professor of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin School of PharmacyMadison, Wisconsin
Mark A. Heisler, PharmD, BCPSAdjunct FacultyGrand Canyon University College of NursingPhoenix, ArizonaAdjunct FacultyArizona State University College of NursingTempe, ArizonaClinical PharmacistBanner Desert Medical CenterMesa, Arizona
Pamela Helms, RN, MN, FNP-CAssistant Professor & Clinical DirectorUNACARE Health CenterUniversity of Mississippi School of NursingRidgeland, Mississippi
Elizabeth Hermsen, PharmD, MBAAntimicrobial SpecialistThe Nebraska Medical CenterAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center College of PharmacyOmaha, Nebraska
Michael K. Jensen, BSPharm, MSClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy ServicesJohn A. Moran Eye CenterUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City, Utah
Jill T. Johnson, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of PharmacyLittle Rock, Arkansas
June Felice Johnson, PharmD, BCPS, FASHP, CDM-diabetesAssociate Professor of Pharmacy Practice & Director of Faculty & Site DevelopmentDrake University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesDes Moines, Iowa
Nikki L. Katalanos, PhD, PA-CAssistant Professor and Physician AssistantPhysician Assistant ProgramDepartment of Family & Community MedicineThe University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerque, New Mexico
Nancy Kawahara, PharmD, MSEdAssociate Professor and ChairDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeLoma Linda University School of PharmacyLoma Linda, California
Michael Kelsch, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorNorth Dakota State University College of PharmacyFargo, North Dakota
Lynn G. Kirkland, DNSc, WHNP, CNMAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterWomen’s Health Nurse Practitioner/Certified Nurse MidwifeMemphis Obstetrics and Gynecological Association P.C.Bartlett, Tennessee
Michael E. Klepser, PharmD, FCCPProfessor of PharmacyFerris State University College of Pharmacy and Borgess Medical CenterKalamazoo, Michigan
Carrie Foust Koenigsfeld, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeDrake College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesDes Moines, Iowa
Annette C. Larson, MSPASAssistant ProfessorUniversity of North Dakota School of MedicinePhysician AssistantAltru Health Care SystemGrand Forks, North Dakota
Esther Law Shopper’s Drug MartNorth YorkOntario, Canada
Rebecca M. Law, BScPhm, PharmDAssociate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
xxiv REVIEWERS
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Helen Leather, BPharm, Grad Dip Hosp Pharm (Dist) Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Leukemia Shandsat the University of FloridaClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Florida College of PharmacyGainesville, Florida
Tom Lenz, PharmD, MAAssistant ProfessorCreighton UniversityOmaha, Nebraska
Sonia Lin, PharmD, BCPSClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode Island
Michael Mancano, PharmDAssociate ChairDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, and Clinical Associate ProfessorTemple University School of PharmacyPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania
Donald Maner, PharmD, MHSc, PA-CAssistant ProfessorMedical College of GeorgiaPhysician Assistant DepartmentEvans, Georgia
Harold J. Manley, PharmD, FASN, FCCP, BCPSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeAlbany College of PharmacyAlbany, New York
Henry J. Mann, PharmD, FASHP, FCCM, FCCPProfessorUniversity of Minnesota College of PharmacyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyDirectorCenter for Excellence in Critical CareUniversity of MinnesotaAcademic Health CenterMinneapolis, Minnesota
Karen F. Marlowe, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorAuburn University Harrison School of PharmacyAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of South Alabama School of MedicineMobile, Alabama
Phyllis Mason, MS, RN, CRNPInstructorThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingBaltimore, Maryland
Jeanie McHugo, MS, PA-CAssistant ProfessorUniversity of North Dakota Physician Assistant ProgramGrand Forks, North Dakota
Kimberly Ann Meyer, MPASInfectious Diseases Physician AssistantUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska
Candis M. Morello, PharmD, CDE, FCSHPAssistant Professor of Clinical PharmacySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa Jolla, California
Carla Moschella, PA-C, MS, RDAssistant Professor and Academic CoordinatorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesMassachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesBoston, Massachusetts
Jadwiga Najib, BS, PharmDAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeArnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesLong Island UniversityBrooklyn, New York
Jacquelin S. Neatherlin, RN, PhD, CNRNAssociate ProfessorBaylor UniversityDallas, Texas
Robert Nelson, PharmD, BCPSAssistant ProfessorNorth Dakota State University College of PharmacyNursing, and Allied SciencesClinical Pharmacy ManagerMeritCare Health SystemFargo, North Dakota
Christopher Nemergut, PharmDClinical PharmacistCenter for Drug PolicyUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadison, Wisconsin
Ayman Noreddin, PhD, RPhAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota College of PharmacyDuluth, Minnesota
Deborah A. Opacic, EdD, PA-CAssistant ProfessorRangos School of Health SciencesDuquesne UniversityPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
REVIEWERS xxv
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Victor A. Padron, RPh, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Pharmacy SciencesCreighton UniversityOmaha, Nebraska
Amy Pakyz, PharmD, MSAssistant ProfessorVirginia Commonwealth University Schoolof Pharmacy/Medical College of Virginia CampusRichmond, Virginia
Cynthia Pentz, EdD, PA-CDirectorPhysician Assistant ProgramUniversity of FindlayFindlay, Ohio
Todd Pillen, PA-C/SA, MPASManagerSolid Organ TransplantChildren’s Healthcare of Atlanta-Egleston and Emory University HospitalAtlanta, Georgia
Therese I. Poirier, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, FASHP, FCCPProfessor and Associate DeanAcademic AffairsSouthern Illinois University-EdwardsvilleEdwardsville, IIllinois
Jane Pruemer, PharmD, BCOP, FASHPAssociate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy PracticeUniversity of Cincinnati College of PharmacyCincinnati, Ohio
Edward W. Randell, PhD, DCC, FCACBChiefDivision of Biochemical Pathology Health Sciences CentreAssociate ProfessorLaboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineMemorial UniversitySt. John’s, Newfoundland and LabradorSt. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
Mette Rasmussen, PhDProfessorFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
Michael D. Reed, PharmD, FCCP, FCPDirectorPediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Professor of PediatricsSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio
Kathleen Reeve, DrPH, AOCN, ANPAssociate Professor of Clinical NursingThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, Texas
Suzanne Reich, PA-C, MPASAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina
Warren Richards, BSPharm, MBA, PhDAssociate ProfessorLloyd L. Gregory School of PharmacyPalm Beach Atlantic University School of PharmacyWest Palm Beach, Florida
Keith A. Rodvold, PharmDProfessor of Pharmacy Practice & Associate Professor of Medicine in PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, Illinois
Carol Rollins, PharmD, BCNSPProgram Director: Nutrition Support Pharmacy PracticeArizona Health Sciences CenterClinical Associate ProfessorCollege of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucson, Arizona
Wendella Rose-Facey, APRN, CCRN, FNP, MSNAdjunct ProfessorAdelphi UniversityCritical Care Specialist at Kingsbrook Jewish Medical CenterBrooklyn, New York
Elaine Rosenblatt, MSN, APRN, BCClinical ProfessorUniversity of WisconsinDirector of Health Services and Quality ImprovementUniversity of Wisconsin Medical FoundationMadison, Wisconsin
Polly Royal, MS, RN-BCClinical Assistant ProfessorPurdue University School of NursingWest Lafayette, Indiana
Michael Rybak, PharmD, MPHAssociate Dean for Research & Professor of Pharmacy and MedicineDirector of Anti-Infective Research LaboratoryWayne State University College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesDetroit, Michigan
xxvi REVIEWERS
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Kiranpal S. Sangha, PharmDClinical Pharmacy Specialist-CNSThe University HospitalCincinnati, OhioAdjunct Assistant Professor of Clinical PharmacyThe University of Cincinnati College of PharmacyCincinnati, Ohio
JoAnne M. Saxe, RN, MS, ANPClinical Professor & Director of the Adult Nurse Practitioner ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco School of NursingSan Francisco, California
Dana Sayre-Stanhope, EdD, PA-CAssociate ProfessorSaint Louis UniversityDoisy College of Health SciencesSt. Louis, Missouri
Sarah L. Scarpace, PharmD, BCOPAssistant ProfessorAlbany College of PharmacyAlbany, New York
Denise Schentrup, MN, ARNP, BCClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of FloridaCollege of NursingGainesville, Florida
Karin Schurrer-Erickson, MA, RN, CNPTeaching SpecialistUniversity of Minnesota School of NursingMinneapolis, Minnesota
Catherine Shull, PA-C, MPASInstructorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-Salem, North Carolina
Candace Smith, PharmDAssociate Clnical ProfessorSt. John’s University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York
Susan M. Stein, MS, RPhAssistant Dean for Clinical Education and Student DevelopmentPacific University School of PharmacyHillsboro, Oregon
Henry Stoll, PA-CSenior LecturerUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle, Washington
Christopher J. Sullivan, MD, FACPAdjunct Professor of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaBirchwood Village, Minnesota
Marc A. Sweeney, RPh, MDiv, PharmDChair & Associate ProfessorPharmacy PracticeThe University of Findlay School of PharmacyFindlay, Ohio
Mohammad J. Tafreshi, PharmD, BCPSAssociate ProfessorMidwestern University College of Pharmacy-GlendaleGlendale, Arizona
Brenda J. J. Talarico, MPAS, PA-CAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesAugsburg CollegeMinneapolis, Minnesota
Damary Castanheira Torres, PharmD, BCOP Associate Clinical ProfessorSt. John’s University College of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsJamaica, New York
Mary Fran Tracy, PhD, RN, CCRN, CCNS, FAAN Critical Care Clinical Nurse SpecialistUniversity of Minnesota Medical CenterFairviewMinneapolis, Minnesota
Marianne Vail, MS, PA-CDepartment of Physician Assistant StudiesMassachusetts College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesBoston, Massachusetts
Lee Vermeulen, RPh, MS, FCCPDirectorCenter for Drug PolicyUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadison, Wisconsin
Angie Veverka, BS, PharmDAssistant Professor of PharmacyWingate University School of PharmacyWingate, North Carolina
Heather Vezina, PharmDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota School of Medicine & College of PharmacyMinneapolis, Minnesota
REVIEWERS xxvii
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Vicki Waters, MS, PA-CAssistant Director for Experiential LearningPhysician Assistant ProgramSchool of Allied Health SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas
Christine Werner, PA-C, PhDAssistant ProfessorSaint Louis UniversityDoisy College of Health SciencesSt. Louis, Missouri
Thomas White, JD, PA-CAcademic CoordinatorPhysician Assistant ProgramUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerque, New Mexico
Siu-Fun Wong, PharmD, FASHP, FCSHPAssociate Professor of Pharmacy PracticeWestern University of Health SciencesFaculty-in-ResidenceHematology-Oncology Medical Group of Orange County, Inc.Pomona, California
Daniel Wood, MPAS, PA-CClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, Texas
Kathleen Woodruff, MS, CRNPInstructorThe Johns Hopkins University School of NursingBaltimore, Maryland
Monty Yoder, PharmD, BCPSPharmaceutical Care CoordinatorWake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterWinston-Salem, North Carolina
Dawn Zwick, MSN, CRNPLecturerKent State UniversityKent, Ohio
xxviii REVIEWERS
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PREFACE
Practitioners who design, implement, monitor, and evaluatemedication therapy bear an important responsibility totheir patients and society. Development of these abilitiesrequires an integration of knowledge, skills, attitudes, andvalues that can be acquired only through a structured learningprocess that includes classroom work, independent study,hands-on practice, and, ultimately, involvement with actualpatients.
Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice is designed to meetthe classroom and independent study needs of today’s learnersin the health professions. Chapters are written or reviewed bypharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, andphysicians who are authorities in their fields and were sub-jected to rigorous review by experts. The book is written in aconcise style that facilitates an in-depth level of understandingof the essential concepts. The disease states covered and thedrugs discussed in the text focus on those disorders mostoften seen in actual practice.
Each chapter reviews etiology, epidemiology, pathophysio-logy, and disease presentation, followed by clear therapeuticrecommendations for drug selection, dosing, and patientmonitoring. The learning features used in PharmacotherapyPrinciples & Practice were designed in collaboration with edu-cational design specialists to enhance learning and retention.These features include:
• Structured learning objectives. These are listed at the begin-ning of each chapter, and information in the text that corre-sponds to each learning objective is identified by a verticalrule in the margin, which allows the reader to find contentrelated to each objective quickly.
• Key concepts related to patient assessment and treatment.Designed to help focus learning, these key concepts are listed atthe beginning of each chapter. Textual material that developsthese concepts is easily identified by numbered icons through-out the chapter.
• Patient encounter vignettes. Distributed throughout each chap-ter, these case scenarios facilitate critical thinking skills andlend clinical relevance to the scientific foundation provided.
• Patient care and monitoring guidelines. This section, placednear the end of each chapter, is designed to assist students intheir general approach to assessing, treating, and monitoringpatients for therapeutic response and adverse events.
• Up-to-date literature citations. A comprehensive reference listfor each chapter is provided on the Online Learning Centerto substantiate treatment recommendations.
• Key references and readings. Placed at the end of eachchapter, this list provides a mechanism to acquire a deeperunderstanding of the subject matter.
• Generous use of tables, figures, text boxes, and algorithms.These visual features enhance understanding of pathophysio-logy, clinical presentation, drug selection, pharmacokinetics,and patient monitoring.
• Medical abbreviations and their meanings. Placed at the endof each chapter, these lists facilitate learning the acceptedshorthand used in real-world medical practice.
• Glossary of medical terms. The glossary is one of the appen-dices at the end of the book; the first use of each glossaryterm in a chapter appears in bold font.
• Self-assessment questions and answers for each chapter.Located in the Online Learning Center, these questions aredesigned to evaluate student learning and may be used toobtain approximately 170 hours of continuing educationcredit for licensed pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physi-cians, and physician assistants.
• Laboratory values expressed as both conventional units andSystemè International (SI) units. Including both units of meas-urement facilitates use of this book throughout the world.
• Appendices useful to students and practitioners. Theseappendices include: 1) conversion factors and anthropomet-rics; 2) common laboratory tests and their reference ranges;and 3) common medical abbreviations.
An electronic version of Pharmacotherapy Principles &Practice can be downloaded to a desktop or laptop computerusing the access number that appears on the card inserted in themiddle of this book. The Online Learning Center [McGraw-Hill:Please provide URL] provides the complete reference lists,self-assessment questions, a testing center that has the ability tograde and provide immediate feedback on the self-assessmentquestions as well as reporting capabilities, and other featuresdesigned to support learning.
Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice is a valuable andunique learning tool that combines state-of-the-art, compre-hensive, yet concise chapters, unique learning features, andthe Online Learning Center.
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We would like to acknowledge the commitment and dedi-cation of the 157 contributing authors and 142 reviewers ofthe chapters contained in this text. (A list of contributors and alist of reviewers are included in the frontmatter of this book.) Wealso extend our thanks to the McGraw-Hill Medical PublishingDivision, especially Michael Brown, Maya Barahona, and RobertPancotti, for their dedication to this project. Finally, we thank our
families for their patience and support of this work and of ourgoal to improve patient care by enhancing learning of pharma-cotherapeutics across the health professions.
The EditorsJanuary 2007
xxx PREFACE
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