china - sui, tang, and song
TRANSCRIPT
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China - Sui, Tang, & Song DynastiesSui 589-618
Tang 618-907Song 960 -1279
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Background After the fall of the Han Empire (220 c.e.)
Northern China was invaded by nomadic groups -who assimilated Chinese culture and influenced Chinese culture.
No leader in southern China was strong enough to control the entire region -30 dynasties in about 300 years claimed the Mandate of Heaven.
For 350 years, regional rule was the political reality.
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CHANGES Buddhism spread & changed Migration of people into southern China Destruction of old growth forests and
animal species
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China during the Sui, Tang, & Song Dynasties
Sui 589-618Tang 618-907
Song 960 -1279
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Economic Revolution in Tang & Song China
Agricultural production improvedcrop specialization intensified with
improved infrastructure, iron implements, & printing.
RESULT – Population dramatically increased
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Grand Canal
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ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
INDUSTRY increased in manufacturing Metals Silk Porcelain
Producing goods for the market instead of local consumption became common
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TRADE Indian Ocean trade
increased with control over coastal Southern China
Silk Road trade increased
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Commercial developmentsBanking and Credit systemGovernment issued paper money.
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Commercial developmentsTang and Song China had some of the
largest cities in the world. (Population over a million in some increases industry and trade.)
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Technology and InnovationFirst chain driven mechanism - the clock
(1088)Gunpowder
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Technology and InnovationPaper production and block printing
techniques were invented and then advanced—moveable type.
Boat building and navigational technology was more advanced than the rest of the world.
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Other Advancements included:Song Chinese were the first to use
fractions in computations and equations.Solar year was accurately measured.Doctors in Song China compiled and
printed medical texts.
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CONTINUITIES from the Classical Period through the Sui, Tang, & Song Dynasties.
Confucianism remained a foundation of government, social structure, and family.
Agriculture remained the foundation of the economy.
Strong central government continued with a powerful emperor (mandate of heaven) & scholar-bureaucracy (examination system).
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Gender RolesWomen’s status remained low
(despite attempts at reform by several empresses).
The Song Period saw women at a very low social status.Evidence: Seclusion, lack
of property rights, polygamy and use of concubines, exclusion from education, &FOOTBINDING.
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Written language was separate from spoken languages
The social class structure & patriarchy remained relatively constant.
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Social Classes (continuities)Landowners (landed gentry) Scholar-bureaucrats (scholar gentry) &
military leaders Merchants and artisans were still in the
lower classes.
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Interaction with nomadic groups to the North continued to influence the politics, economy, and culture of China.
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Chinese cultural influence on its neighbors remained strong.