China Responds

Reading: 371-375

Warm Up: Why do people use drugs such as marijuana, opium or cocaine?

Attempt at foreign Influence

• West Tech- clock, globe, instruments , hot air balloon- Emperor unimpressed

• Chinese self sufficient• Limited Foreign

influence by limiting ports

Opium War

• Attempt to sell everything failed…until Indian Opium… by 1835 12 million addicts

• Chinese government makes Trade illegal. British refuse to stop selling and balance of Trade shifts.

Letter to Queen Victoria:

“ By what right do they (merchants) use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people… I have heard that the smoking of opium is strictly forbidden in your country…” -Lin Zexu

Opium War

• Chinese Burn opium ships at Guangzhou after ship refuse to give up cargo and Brittan declares war.

• 1842 War ends with –

- Extraterritorial rights

- Opening of ports

- Treaty of Nanjing- gives up Hong Kong

Taipang rebellion

• 1850 Peasant Rebellion breaks out against the Qing Dynasty

• Hong Xiuquan captures Yongan and proclaims a new Dynasty

• Qing beg for help from British and French 20 million die in 14 year struggle

• Results in Treaty of Tanjin- legalize opium, new ports are open and Kowloon Peninsula given to British

1870’s Self Strengthening Movement and decline

• Empress Cixi – modernize or Honor traditions?

• Russia takes portion of Siberia, Tibet lost to Great Britain

• Spheres of Influence

• Era of Warlords

• Sino Japanese War

• Open door policy- US Economics

Society of Harmonious Fists-Boxers

• Anti Qing and anti foreigner

• Cixi- tries to play both sides

• Foreign troops (Brits, French, US, Russian, Italy, Japan, Germany, Austria) all join to defeat boxers

• Foreign Nations demand payment for losses

Collapse of Qing

• Empress tries reforms • In 1908 she dies and

Henry Pu Yi is placed on the throne he would be China’s last Emperor

• Nationalist party formed under Sun Yat-sen

Summary Questions1) What island did the Treaty of Nanjing give to the British?2) Regions of China dominated by foreigners?3) Emperor who tried to modernize but was overthrown by a more

powerful ruler?4) What allowed foreigners to not follow Chinese Law?5) This was declared by the US in order to allow them to trade with

China6) Who Ruled China between 1861-19087) Clash Between British and China that ended in China’s humiliating

defeat?8) Largest armed rebellion in 19th century China lasted 14 years and

was finally crushed by the Qing after they asked for help from Britain and France

9) Revolt that was a violent reaction to foreigners was defeated by a multi national force.