china presentation
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China Presentation. By: Andrew Ratzlaff, Jack Hayes, Chad Watwood , Luke Clayton and Jonathan Martin. Basic Information. Largest population of any country- 1.35 billion 3 rd largest land size 2 nd largest economy in the world. Levels of Government. 22 provinces 5 Autonomous regions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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China Presentation
By: Andrew Ratzlaff, Jack Hayes, Chad Watwood, Luke Clayton and Jonathan
Martin
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Basic Information
• Largest population of any country- 1.35 billion• 3rd largest land size• 2nd largest economy in the world
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Levels of Government
• 22 provinces• 5 Autonomous regions• 4 Centrally Administered Municipalities
(Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing)• 2 Administrative regions (Hong Kong and
Macau)
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Centralization Trends
• Economic• Politically• People lack various rights
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Executive Branch
• Dual Executive branch• President is Head of State (Xi Jinping currently)• Premier is Head of Government (Li Keqiang
currently)
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Executive Branch
• Premier approved by Central Committee• Premier powers• Non-competitive
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Executive Branch
• Recent Elections• Referendums for approval• Cabinet• Chosen by party• Technocrats
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Legislative Branch
• Asymmetric Bicameral• Central Committee-204 (Upper)• National People’s Congress-2100 (Lower)
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Legislative Branch
• No runoffs, “competitive elections”• Hierarchy• Politburo influence• All CCP
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Political System
• Loose parliamentary system• Party Lines• “Fusion of Powers”
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Political Culture
• Prideful, people seem to respect central government as long as economy grows
• Long lasting from dynastic rule• Deng Xiaoping Theory• Communist mentality• No “I” in team
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Political Socialization
• Family• Media• While censored, can still show different view
points • Government • Implements a class on the party in schools
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Political Cleavage
• Location, Location, Ethnicity • NW part of China- Tibet, Uighers (~90 Han Chinese)• Urban-RuralLarge gap in income and overall lifestyle• Non coinciding• Bring revolutions/uprisings in the country
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Media Role in China
• Watchdog• Television- CCTV, Xinhua• Papers-People’s Daily• “Internet”- Great Firewall• Not all is censored
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Media Roles
• Government control has lessened over some outlets
• Government still can interfere if they go “too far”
• Heavily monitored internet• #nohashtagsforyou
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Political Participation • Voting
– Increased in recent years as more competitiveness increases• All elections are indirect and already created bodies vote
for higher up• Chinese Communist Party
– State party where most people express interest • Youth League
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Political Violence
• Tiananmen Square (1989)• Kashgar attack (2008)• Xinjiang Ethnic Clashes (2013)
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Women in Politics/China
• Women make up 22% of Chinese law makers1/5 of CCP • Women have made strides in China in
education• Freedoms are still restricted• Workplace• One Child
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Minorities
• Extremely small percentage are present in county (~8%)
• All live in separate regions of country• Many have different political identities- Tibet • 15% are in lawmaking position• Minorities are given some free range in
region • Uighers allowed to practice Islam
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Policy Making
• Policy Decisions and Executives– President & Premier– Standing Committee of Politburo
• Legislative– Both houses– Approval
• Judicial Branch
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Policy Making
• Fragmented Authoritarianism• Politburo power• Two sides• Secretive
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Political Party
• Chinese Communist Party (CCP)• Competition?• Marxism-Leninism
– Karl Marx – Vladimir Lenin
• Source of power
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Elites
• CCP Members• Guanxi • Actual power• Symbolic positions
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Interest Groups
• None• “threat to the state”• Restricted speech
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Bureaucracy
• 3.6 million Primary Party Organizations(branches)– Businesses– Government Offices– Schools– Neighborhoods– Wal-Mart Headquarters
• Party Secretary & Party Committee
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Military
• “A people’s army created and led by the Communist Party of China”
• Central Military Commission(CMC)– Members
• 2% of GDP goes to Military– $245.2 Billion(2012)
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Military
• People’s Armed Police(PAP)– Guards– Border Patrol– Counter-terrorism– Public Disturbances
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Military
• Ministry of Public State Security– 1.7 million– Secret Police– Intellegence
• Serious crimes– Laogai– Laojiao– 3 years without trial
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Military
• Bureaucracy• Political motivation• Judicial
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Judiciary
• Judicial independence• Party control• Reform
– Number of lawyers– Number of lawsuits
• Appointments approved• Lawyers harassed
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Judiciary
• Supreme People’s Court• Higher Courts(Provinces)• Intermediate Courts(Cities)• Grassroots Courts(Counties and Townships)• Judicial Review?
– Legislative Approval
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Judiciary
• Official investigations• Swift & harsh• Predetermined• 99% conviction• Capital Punishment
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Judiciary
• Constitution• Code law• Rule by law• Rule of law• Common law
– Guanxi
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Conflict in China
• Civil War (1930s)• Nationalists in Taiwan• Invasion of Tibet (1950)• Conflicts with Soviets
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Social Movements
• Tiananmen Square -1989– Lack of political freedom
• Protests over corruption, regional inequalities, etc.
• Liu Xiaobo– Nobel Peace Prize in 2010
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Political Characteristics under Mao
• Very totalitarian– No political dissent– Communist Party ideals
• Cultural Revolution(1966-1976)• Mao’s “iron rice bowl”
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Politics under Deng
• Softer Authoritarianism • Technocrats and other young officials• Constitution of 1982 • Lack of major political reform
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Economy under Mao
• Centrally-planned, socialistic economy • Private property reform• Resource waste• Great Leap Forward(1958)
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Economy under Deng
• Shift towards market economy• Private business• Change in philosophy• Economic growth • Regional inequalities
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Effects of Reforms• Huge inequalities • Corruption• Historical reform trends
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Globalization
• Increased globalization• Foreign investments and trade • 2nd largest trading nation
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Public policy
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Major Influences Communist Party of China United States and Russia WTOXi JinpingLi KeqiangZhang DejiangYu ZhengshengLiu YunshanWang QishanZhang Gaoli
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Russia and the US Constant struggle for worldwide supremacy Economic competition between US and China American pressure to change to a more
market economy Cooperation with Russia in Central Asia
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Social Class Welfare reforms since 1990 Imbalance of wealth distribution A nationwide minimum wage at 40% average
urban salaries Rapidly growing middle class Gini index is slowly getting better
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Civil Liberties Re Education camps abolished Great Firewall Criminal Executions
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Environment China is not in Mother Nature's Fave 5 Government does little to regulate dumping No Car Days Attempting to reduce air pollution by 25% by
2017 Green Wall of China
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Population Loosening of the one-child policy Current population is aging China favors males over females
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Terrorism Since 9/11 China increased cooperation with
worldwide counter terrorist efforts Uyghur People China does not mess around with terrorists
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Corruption In 2013 China was ranked 80th out of 178 Bribing is quite common Politicians are unusually wealthy