china mr. dodson. china acts as a cultural hearth* in east asia. most of the region’s nations...
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ChinaMr. Dodson
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• China acts as a cultural hearth* in East Asia.
• Most of the region’s nations have, at one time, been controlled by China or influenced by its culture.
• China is the world’s most populous country.
China Overview
* a hearth is a starting place, an origination point
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China Part 1Pre-Revolution
Construction of the Great Wall of was started by the Qin Dynasty to repel nomadic invaders. Hundreds of thousands of peasants were forced to construct the wall.
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Early Civilization and the Dynasties
• Oldest continuous civilization; a settled society for 4,000 years
• Stone Age cultures later ruled by dynasties—series of family rulers – First is Shang in 1700s B.C.;
overthrown in 1100s by Zhou Dynasty
– Qin Dynasty unites small states in 221 B.C. Great Wall construction starts
– Han Dynasty rulers push empire into central Asia
– In 1644, Manchu begin Qing Dynasty; ended by 1911 revolution
The First Emperor of China: Qinshi Huang Di (221-210 B.C.).
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Religious and Ethical Traditions
• Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 B.C.) inspires Confucianism
• Confucianism orderly, educated society has respect for past ancestors– children obey parents; parents
obey government, emperor – this was needed to help control
such a large population
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Religious and Ethical Traditions
• Taoism—from Tao-te Ching - book of Lao-tzu teachings (500s B.C.)– preserve, restore harmony
in individual, universe
• Indian Buddhism grows in China, influenced by Confucianism, Taoism
The Symbol of Taoism Yin and Yang
Taoism/Daoism – literally the “way or
path” is about keeping a balance in
one’s life.
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A Rich and Complex Culture
From Pottery to Painting • Early pottery, bronzes, jade
disks, wall paintings found in tombs
• artists used clay, bronze, jade, ivory, lacquer
Chinese Inventions • Paper, printing, gunpowder,
compass, porcelain, silk cloth
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Chinese Writing
• Chinese calligraphy (lettering) is both a form of writing and an art form.
• It is the basis of both Chinese and Japanese writing.
• Every word has a character (symbol) for it. The average person knows (and uses) more than 4,000 characters
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Europeans Arrive
• China isolated until Europeans arrive in 1200s
• In 1800s, European powers seek access to Chinese markets
• Treaties force a weak China to give Europeans trade privileges
• Spheres of influence - territory awarded to European nations & Japan
• Chinese anger over outside control leads to 1900 Boxer Rebellion*– Chinese militants kill Europeans, Chinese
Christians – stopped by multinational European force
*The Boxer Rebellion got its name from the Secret Society which in Chinese meant “Fists of Righteous Fury.” Europeans just called them “Boxers” for ease.