china, hong kong, and the long 1970s: global …978-3-319-51250-1/1.pdfchina, people’s republic of...
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INDEX
AAam Aadmi (Common Man)
party, 90, 106Academia Sinica, Beijing, 223, 231n84Accommodative elitism, 12,
89, 102, 105Addis, Sir John, 309, 311Afghanistan, 3, 6, 20, 121–123, 126Africa
relations with China, 14Afro-Asian bloc, 14, 159, 161, 162,
164, 175Agreement on Cultural Cooperation,
Australia and China (1981), 224Agricultural People’s Communes,
China, 12Agricultural research and extension
system, China, 58, 59, 70, 75, 81Agriculture, China
machinery, 77productivity, 56, 76, 191technology, 60
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, 96Albania, 14, 35, 159, 164,
167–170, 175Albinski, Henry, 207, 216Ali, Liaquat, 89
Ali, Muhammad, 123Alma Ata (Almaty) conference
(1978), 151“American Century,” 4American Consulate General, Hong
Kong, 284Antonioni, Michelangelo, 63Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 316Asia Foundation, 313, 314Asian Development Bank (ADB), 17Asia Society, 20, 304,
311, 312, 315Atlanta, Georgia, 173, 196Australia
relations with China, 206, 221, 226relations with United States, 10, 15,
111, 119, 171, 172, 182, 330Australia-China Business Council
(ACBC), 216, 218Australia-China Council, 223Australia-China Friendship Day, 224Australia-China Student Exchange
Scheme, 223Australia, Department of Foreign
Affairs, 217, 224Australia, Department of Overseas
Trade, 220
© The Author(s) 2017P. Roberts, O.A. Westad (eds.), China, Hong Kong, and the Long1970s: Global Perspectives, Cambridge Imperial and Post-ColonialStudies Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51250-1
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Australia, Export Finance andInsurance Corporation, 221
Australia, Joint IntelligenceOrganization, 220
Australian Academy of Sciences, 223Australia New Zealand and United
States Pact (ANZUS), 213Australian Labor Party (ALP), 207,
212, 213, 215, 219, 225, 226Australian Wheat Board (AWB), 215,
219, 221Austria, 303Awami League, 102–103
BBachchan, Amitabh, 91, 92, 105Bai Xiangguo, 214Ball, George W., 119Bandung, Age of, 7Bangkok, Thailand, 143, 240, 290Bangladesh, 2, 11, 13, 90, 97, 102,
103, 105, 147Bank of America, 282Bank of China, 195Bank of England, 18, 234,
244–249, 254n67Bardhan, Pranab, 104, 105“Barefoot doctors,” 13–14, 135–157Barefoot Doctors of Red China (Film)
(1972), 143Barnds, William, 317Barnett, A. Doak, 15, 313,
314, 318, 319Barnett, Robert W., 311Basic Democracy (Pakistan), 96, 102Baum, Richard, 193Beam, Jacob, 139Beijing, 3, 10, 14, 18, 20, 26, 32, 33,
35, 38–40, 42–48, 60, 62, 63, 77,112, 113, 115–118, 120–128,139, 140, 148, 159–170, 172,
174, 175, 182, 185–190,192–194, 196, 198, 211, 214,215, 219, 220, 223, 224, 236,237, 240–242, 246, 258, 260,261, 264, 269, 271, 272, 282,289–290, 293, 303–304,306–310, 317, 320, 329,330, 331
“Beijing Consensus,” 26Belgium, 304Benin, 161Bernstein, Thomas, 64Bhoodan movement, India, 101Bhutto, Benazir, 13Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 13, 107Bickers, Robert, 244Bihar state, India, 98Birth control, China, 63, 136Blocked claims and assets, 192Blumenthal, W. Michael, 196Blum, Robert, 313, 314Boatpeople, Vietnamese, 19, 279–301
See also Refugees, VietnameseBonavia, David, 238Border clashes, Sino-Soviet, 38, 42“Bourgeois economism,” 187Brandt, Willy, 7Brement, Marshall, 123–124, 126Bretton Woods system, 5, 235, 249,
268, 273, 327, 328Brezhnev, Leonid, 35, 36, 42, 43, 46Brinck, Per, 71British Academy, 309Bruce, David, 3, 4, 9Brunei, 5, 26Bryant, John, 143–144Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 124–126, 171,
188, 189, 194, 196, 197, 319Bulgaria, 36Bundy, McGeorge, 137–138, 316Bundy, William P., 119Bush, Richard, 316
334 INDEX
CCairns, Jim, 214–216, 219Calcutta, India, 96, 104, 105Callaghan, James, 258, 262, 263, 265,
270–273, 309Cambodia (Kampuchea), 16Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam, 16Canada, 17, 21, 119, 122, 209,
239, 284–285, 292, 303, 306,309, 316
Canberra, Australia, 207, 208, 220Canton (Guangzhou), 236Canton Trade Fair, 189, 219, 248Capital, China
depreciation, 56, 69, 75formation, 9, 16, 23, 55–58, 68,
74–81, 269, 273investment, 23
Capitalism, 3, 6, 14, 23–26, 151, 154,198, 271, 273
Carter, Jimmy, 4, 15, 20,121–126, 171, 172, 174, 183,193–197, 319
Caryl, Christian, 3Cater, Jack, 240–241CBS News, 135Chad, 161Chai Zemin, 320Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 92Chartered Bank (later Standard
Chartered Bank), 234Chase Manhattan Bank, 191, 282, 318Chatham House, 21, 304–307, 320
See also Royal Institute ofInternational Affairs
Chen Boda, 243Chen Jian, 16Chen Yi, 10, 40, 46, 113, 241Chey, Jocelyn, 223Chicago school, 23China Council for the Promotion of
International Trade, 218, 236
“China Dream,” 153China Medical Association
(CMA), 135“China Model,” 26China National Metals and Minerals
Import and ExportCorporation, 215
China National Technical ImportCorporation(TECHIMPORT), 191
China, People’s Liberation Army(PLA), 47, 167, 184,187, 237, 242
China, People’s Republic offoreign policies, 159; aid programs,
economic, 26; aid programs,humanitarian, 136; relationswith Africa, 144, 145, 146,153; relations with communistbloc states, 212, 280, 287;relations with Europe, 89, 165,185, 262, 269, 306, 311, 331;relations with Hong Kong, 18,22, 23, 26, 236, 237, 238, 243,244–250, 260–273; relationswith Soviet Union, 9, 10, 11,14, 16, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37,41, 44, 45, 47, 112, 113, 124,125, 127, 128, 146; relationswith Third World, 20, 25, 148,149, 160, 162, 170; relationswith United Kingdom, 219,225; relations with UnitedStates, 10, 15, 16, 20, 23,33, 39–42, 44, 45, 46, 49,111–114, 116, 118, 119,120, 136, 137, 138, 172, 182,185, 190, 194, 197, 205,206, 208, 211, 213, 217,218, 225, 312–318,320, 321; relations withVietnam, 330
INDEX 335
China, People’s Republic of (cont.)trade and economic policies,
171, 211, 257, 269,328, 329
China, Republic of (Taiwan), 281China Resources, 237Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, 59Chinese Academy of Medical
Science, 136–137Chinese Academy of Sciences
(CAS), 140, 224, 310Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
(CASS), 304, 310Chinese Civil War (1945-1949), 205Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Eleventh Party Congress(1979), 269
Ninth Party Congress (1969), 31,33, 47
Chinese Foreign Ministry, 169,241, 307
Chinese Health and Family PlanningCommission, 153
Chinese Military Commission(CMC), 37
Chinese Ministry of Foreign andEconomic Liaison (MFEL), 167
Chinese Ministry of LightIndustry, 161
Chinese People’s Institute of ForeignAffairs (CPIFA), 21, 304, 307
Christian Medical Commission, 143,144, 147
Clark, Gregory, 208Clark, Grenville, 137Clinton, Bill, 26Cohen, Gerald Anthony, 319Cohen, Jerome A., 15Cold War, 1–4, 6, 7, 9, 17, 19, 22, 25,
32, 140, 148, 153, 160, 175,183, 189, 239, 280–287,
289–291, 293, 295,296, 330, 331
Colombia, 116Committee on Scholarly
Communication with the PRC(CSCPRC), 193
“Common man” South Asian, 90Communism, 32, 35, 140, 142,
191–193, 207Comprehensive Plan for Action, 296Compton Foundation, 318Confucianism, 11Conservative Party, Great Britain, 18,
23, 257, 271–272, 309Cortazzi, Hugh, 262, 272Costa Rica, 149Council on Foreign Relations, 21,
304, 312, 3161980s Project, 317
Cowperthwaite, Sir John, 247Cradock, Percy, 185, 310–311Crisis, sense of, 3, 92
in India, 92Crosland, Anthony, 263, 265Cuba, 8, 113, 147Cultural Revolution, China
causes, 243effects on Hong Kong, 238impact, diplomatic, 120impact, economic, 193impact, political, 193
Cumings, Bruce, 9Cutler, Lloyd, 121–124Czechoslovakia, 34–36, 47, 48
DDatcu, Ion, 316Davies Foundation, 246Dazhai commune, 82n1Decline, Western, 6Decollectivization, China, 58, 75, 79Delhi, India, 96, 106, 108n10
336 INDEX
Deng Xiaoping, 3, 11, 23, 24, 26, 27,34, 121, 125, 159, 162, 170,171, 172, 191, 258, 262, 264,287, 310, 318, 319, 320,322n15, 328, 330, 332n8
tour of United States, 3, 121, 125,159, 171, 172, 191, 320
Denmark, 284Dernberger, Robert F., 318, 319Development aid, 14–15, 26,
159–170, 175Dhaka University, 96Dikötter, Frank, 11, 24, 181, 198n3Dimond, E. Grey, 136, 137, 139, 140Diplomacy, cultural, 274n14Diplomacy, economic, 159,
164, 170, 175Ditchley Park, 311Dobrynin, Anatolii, 44Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, 260, 261, 307Doyle, Michael W., 26Dubcek, Alexander, 35, 47Dulles, Allen W., 314Dunn, Lydia, 294
EEckstein, Alexander, 184,
187, 188, 313Economic growth
China, 9, 24, 26, 173, 187, 205,220, 329
Hong Kong, 235, 263, 267, 269,271, 273
India, 96, 98, 102Pakistan, 94, 95, 102
Ecuador, 306Educational exchanges, 174Educational system
China, 68India, 98Pakistan, 95, 96
Egypt, 40, 149Eisenhower, Dwight D., 136Eisenman, Joshua, 12, 55, 185Electricity generation, China, 77Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 283Emergency Defence Regulatory Acts,
Hong Kong (1967), 246Employment, China, 61, 312Epoca (magazine), 136Eurocommunism, 3Europe, 4, 21, 36, 41, 124, 167, 225,
235, 239, 258, 269, 311, 331European Economic Community, 225Europe, Eastern, 8, 36, 41, 46, 127,
139, 165Europe, Western, 2, 3, 27n9, 185,
282, 327Evening News, 47Exchanges, diplomatic
cultural, 17, 120, 173, 174, 190,192, 210, 214, 216, 261
economic, 174educational, 174scientific, 189, 216, 310technical, 189
FFairbank, JohnKing, 119, 307, 313, 314Fang Yi, 161Federation of Hong Kong
Industries, 239Ferguson, Niall, 3, 27n1,
198n2, 198n3Fertilizers, 70, 71, 72, 77, 95, 168,
187, 191Fitzgerald, Stephen, 220, 221, 222,
224, 227Ford Foundation, 305Ford, Gerald, 4, 15, 170Foreign Affairs (journal), 39, 314,
316, 319, 320
INDEX 337
Foreign aid, China, 14, 20, 160, 162,163, 170
“Four marshals,” 10, 40, 41,42, 44, 46, 129n5
“Four modernizations,” 172, 196,269, 311
France, 241, 284, 285, 292, 303Franklin, George W., 313, 316Fraser, Malcolm, 212, 216, 217, 218,
224, 226Free-market economics, 6, 257, 264Friedman, Edward, 66Friedman, Milton, 23, 24Fujian province, 218, 329Fulbright, J. William, 314Fung, Edmund, 224, 227n14
GGabon, 161Galston, Arthur, 68, 70, 140Gandhi, Indira, 13, 90, 93, 101, 105Gandhi, Mohandas K., 88Gandhi, Rajiv, 13“Gang of Four,” 13, 15, 185, 192,
194, 264, 318General Agreement on Trade and
Tariffs (GATT), 17Geneva, Switzerland, 139, 147, 149,
150, 294Germany, Nazi, 10Germany, West, 123, 304Ghana, 161Glasgow University, 306Globalization, 143, 198n2,
257, 268, 269, 273Gompert, David, 317Grain sales, 56, 61, 72,
73, 74, 75, 186,187, 190, 191
Gramdan movement, India, 88, 101Gray, Jack, 306Great Britain
relations with China, 17, 21, 22, 89,141, 304, 305, 308, 309
relations with Hong Kong, 233,234, 238, 244–250
relations with United States, 5, 303,306, 321
Great Britain-China Centre, 304, 309Great Britain-China Committee, 21,
305, 308Great Britain, Committee on Hong
Kong, 259Great Britain, Defence and Overseas
Policy Committee, 260, 261Great Britain, Department of
Defence, 244Great Britain, Department of
Economic Affairs, 244, 249Great Britain, Foreign and
Commonwealth Office, 247Great Britain, Treasury
Department, 245Great Famine, China, 32, 56, 62Great Leap Forward, 11, 32, 34, 56,
187, 328Great Neglected Disease (GND)
Network, 152Great Society, 5Greece, 7Green Revolution, China, 58, 59, 74Green Revolution, South Asia, 90–91Gromyko, Andrei, 127Guam, 5, 283, 284Guangdong province, 236Guinea, 306Gujarat University, 96Guo Moruo, 140
HHabib, Philip C., 317Haddon-Cave, Sir Philip, 266, 267Haiphong, Vietnam, 115, 119Hamersley Iron Ore, 215
338 INDEX
Han Dongping, 66Hanoi, Vietnam, 44, 119,
140, 164, 165,166, 167, 169
Harding, Harry, 77, 316Harriman, W. Averell, 137Harvard University, 27n1,
109n14, 198n2Haslam, Eric Percival, 247Hatem, Shafick George, 142, 143Hawke, Robert, 206Healey, Denis, 307Healthcare as international issue, 149Heath, Edward, 7, 260, 262Hebei province, 74Heilongjiang, 37Henan province, 74Heseltine, Michael, 261High Yield Variety (HYV) crop
varieties, 73Hill, Edward, 36Hinton, William, 141Hitler, Adolf, 46Ho Chi Minh, 44,
166, 282, 287Hogan, Patrick Colm, 92Holbrooke, Richard, 319Hong Kong
handover to China (1997), 271immigration policy, 281, 283, 288,
290, 294Kowloon, 237, 251n8New Territories, 258,
259, 260, 270relations with Britain, 233, 234,
238, 244–250relations with China, 18, 22,
23, 26, 236, 237, 238,243, 244–250, 260–273
riots (1966), 235riots (1967), 237–243social reforms, 19
Hong Kong Artificial FlowerWorks, 237
Hong Kong Association, 238, 239Hong Kong, Executive Council,
247, 267Hong Kong General Chamber of
Commerce, 239Hong Kong, Legislative Council, 19Hong Kong Management
Association, 238Hong Kong, Protection of Investors
Ordinance (1974), 269Hong Kong, Securities Ordinance
(1974), 269Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation (HSBC),234, 250n1
Hong Kong Trade DevelopmentCouncil, 239
Honigmann, John J., 96Hopson, Donald, 241Horn, Joshua, 141, 142, 143Hottelet, Richard, 135, 146Houston, Texas, 173Hoxha, Enver, 14, 168, 169Hua Guofeng,
15, 82n2, 126,169, 192,263, 264
Huang Hua, 40, 194,260, 310, 316, 319
Huang Jiasi, 136Huang Zhen, 136Hughes, Thomas, 195Hui county, 74Humanitarianism and diplomacy,
136, 289Human rights,
2, 7, 21, 191,194, 201n43
Hundred Flowers campaign, 11Hutchison, Alan, 145
INDEX 339
IIndia
relations with China, 165, 166, 175,208, 281
Indian National Congress, 87, 88, 105India-Pakistan War (1971), 99Indonesia, 26, 234, 241Industrialization, China, 32, 55, 58,
60, 62, 65, 81Industry, China
investment, 23, 26, 69productivity, 56, 65, 72,
74, 76, 78, 80Inner Mongolia, 218Institute of Pacific Relations
(IPR), 312International Economic Emergency
Control Act (IEECA), 122International Labour Organization
(ILO), 265, 266International Monetary Fund (IMF), 5International Olympic Committee
(IOC), 122, 126Iran, 3, 149Iraq, 162Ireland, 294, 295Irrigation, 65, 75, 76, 78, 82Islam, 3, 121Israel, 124, 328Italy, 303, 306, 331
JJackson-Vanik Amendment, 192, 196,
201n43Jamaica, 116James, Francis, 214Japan, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 21, 26, 41, 48,
116, 117, 124, 126, 185, 198n3,215, 216, 220, 234, 235, 246,266, 303, 306, 311
Jardine Matheson, 309
Jenkyns, Henry, 244Jiang Qing, 13Jiangxi province, 65Jilin province, 145Jimo county, 70Ji Pengfei, 307, 308John Paul II, Pope, 3Johnson, Lyndon B., 5, 137Joint Trade Committee (Australian-
Chinese), 215, 220, 221Jones, Dawn, 98, 109n14Jones, Rodney, 98, 109n14Joseph, Sir Keith, 23Judt, Tony, 3
KKaohsiung, Taiwan, 290, 291Kazakh National Medical
University, 150Kazakhstan, 43, 47, 149, 150Kennedy, Edward M., 15, 292, 319Kennedy, Paul M., 9Kenya, 309Keswick, Sir John, 309, 310, 311Kettering Foundation, 318Keynesianism, 1, 23, 258,
271, 272, 273Khabarovsk, 38Khan, Ayub, 89, 96, 102Khan, Nur, 41Khan, Rasheeduddin, 97Khan, Yahya, 103Khmer Rouge, 16Khrushchev, Nikita, 36, 37, 42, 44Kim Il Sung, 48Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 6Kissinger, Henry, 4, 10, 11, 44, 48,
113, 114, 115, 118, 125, 170,198n2, 213, 306, 316, 320
Korea, 21, 23, 36, 41, 95,116, 280, 312
340 INDEX
Korea, North (Democratic People’sRepublic of Korea), 48, 113, 116
Korean War, 23, 95, 312Korea, South (Republic of Korea), 95Kosygin, Alexei, 10, 40, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48Kothari, Rajni, 89Kowloon, Hong Kong, 237, 251n8Kreps, Juanita, 196Kung Sheung Daily News
(newspaper), 283Kunming, 34
LLabour mobility, China, 60, 63Labour Party, Great Britain, 265Land reclamation, 65, 69, 70, 74Langwick, Stacey, 145Lardy, Nicholas, 316Latin America, 2, 6, 14, 116, 144,
145, 160Le Ban, 164, 165Le Duan, 166Lee, Phillip, 143Lenin, Vladimir, 25Le Thanh Nghi, 164, 166Liang Shangyuan, 242Liberal-Country Party, Australia, 207Liberation Army Daily
(newspaper), 187Li Bin, 153Library of Congress, 62Lieberthal, Kenneth W., 316Life (magazine), 136Li Fuchun, 65, 236Lin Biao, 11, 31, 48Lin Chi-hsin, 195Lin county, 74Lin, Justin Yifu, 60Li Qiang (Li Chiang), 166, 269, 270Literacy, China, 66
Litsios, Socrates, 146Liu Shaoqi, 34, 186, 328Liu, Zhinan, 47Liuzhou, China, 165Li Xiannian (Li Hsien-nien), 217London Philharmonic Orchestra, 261London School of Economics, 246London University, 306Lon Nol, 116Lord, Winston, 320Lo Tak-shing, 294Louis, Victor, 47Luce Foundation, 319Luce, Henry, 4Lumumba Friendship University,
Moscow, 145Lutheran World Federation, 143
MMacao, 242, 244, 259, 260MacDonald, Malcolm, 260, 308, 310,
311, 322n11, 322n15MacFarquhar, Roderick, 306, 307Ma Chia-chun, 306Mackerras, Colin, 224MacLehose, Murray, 19, 243, 258,
261, 264, 265, 266, 267,269–273
Madagascar, 161Mahler, Halfdan, 146, 147,
148, 151, 152Malaysia, 26, 234, 247, 304, 330Manning, Bayless, 316, 317, 318Mansfield, Mike, 42Mao Zedong
death, 15, 151, 159, 169, 197, 264,304, 318, 328
succession, 192, 305, 310Mao Zedong thought, 14, 145Mark, Chi-kwan, 18, 29n28, 257Market forces, 258, 268, 273
INDEX 341
Market reforms, 26, 184, 280Marxist-Leninism, 24Marx, Karl, 25Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT), 313, 314McCarthyism, 140McMahon, William, 211, 212, 213,
218, 219, 225McNamara, Robert S., 7, 138Medical relations,
international, 13–14, 135–154Melbourne, Australia, 122, 218Menzies, Robert G., 205, 207Mercantile Bank, 234Middle East, 3, 36, 46,
194, 253n52, 311Migration, to Hong Kong, 290Migration, rural-urban, China, 63Modernization, Chinese, 9, 12, 15,
16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 58, 66, 75,82n1, 86n75, 86n78, 150, 176,183, 185, 190, 191, 194, 195,198, 202n55, 210, 305, 319,323n25, 325n48
Modi, Narendra, 100, 107Mondale, Walter, 196, 197Mongolia, 11, 36, 43, 218Montreal, Canada, 122Moscow, 20, 32, 33, 34, 36, 42, 43,
44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 53n42,53n52, 112, 120–128, 133n64,137, 145, 148, 149, 166, 167,175, 192
Mosely, Philip, 313Most-favored-nation trade status, 171Movies, Indian, 108n6Mozambique, 145Muskie, Edmund S., 127
NNagorski, Zygmunt, 317, 324n29Nagoya, Japan, 116
Narayan, J. P., 101, 109n18National Academy of Sciences, United
States, 59, 83n12National Committee on US-China
Relations, 20, 194, 304, 314,318, 324n36, 324n37, 324n39,324n40, 325n47
National Conferences on Learningfrom Dazhai in Agriculture, 55
National Council for US-ChinaTrade, 15, 190
National Science Foundation, UnitedStates, 72
National Union of Tailors andGarment Workers, UK, 265
Nav Nirman movement, 99, 100, 101Naxalite movement, 90Nehru, Jawaharlal, 87–89, 104Neoliberalism, 14, 24, 151, 154Nepal, 162Netherlands, 39, 207, 304Newell, Bryan, 146, 147, 150, 152New Left, 6“New Socialist Man,” 66, 84n40New South Wales, Australia, 218New Territories, Hong
Kong, 258–260, 270New York Times, 41,
52n39, 53n42, 191New Zealand, 303Nie Rongzhen, 36, 40, 52n37, 113Niger, 147, 161Nigeria, 147, 161Nitze, Paul, 6Nixon doctrine (Guam doctrine), 42Nixon, Richard, 4, 5, 10, 39, 41, 42,
43, 44, 46, 49, 113, 114, 115,118, 119, 120, 125, 136, 188,189, 268, 314, 315
Non-governmental organizations(NGOs), 118, 173, 190, 304,312, 321
342 INDEX
Normalization of diplomatic relationsChina and Australia, 210China and United States, 312
North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO), 2, 307
Northern Districts AgriculturalConference (August-September1970), 55
Nuclear weapons, 32, 45, 208, 217
O“Occupy Central” movement (Hong
Kong), 26Offshore islands (Jinmen and
Mazu), 307Ōhira, Masayoshi, 124Oksenberg, Michel, 125, 189, 193,
194, 197, 200n30, 202n46,202n47, 202n49, 316, 319
Olympic boycotts, 123, 132n51Olympic Games, Berlin (1936), 121,
128Olympic Games, Los Angeles
(1932), 127, 128Olympic Games, Los Angeles
(1984), 127, 128Olympic Games, Montreal
(1976), 122Olympic Games, Moscow
(1980), 112, 120, 121, 123, 124,126, 127, 133n64
Olympic Games, Winter, Lake Placid(1980), 124
Olympic movement, 120, 124, 128“Operation Junkheap,” 245, 247Orderly Departure Program, 294, 296Orleans, Leo, 62, 77, 83n15Overseas Chinese, 14, 17, 19, 23, 166,
167, 245Owen, David, 270Oxnam, Robert, 315
PPachetti, Federico, 15, 181–203Pakistan, 2, 11, 13, 46, 89, 94–96, 98,
99, 102, 103, 105, 107, 162Palliser, Michael, 262, 272Patel, Chimanbhai, 99Patterson, James T., 3, 27n7Peacock, Andrew, 223, 224Pearl Harbor (December 1941), 48Peking Institute of Genetics, 60Peking University, 68, 307Peng Dehuai, 34People’s Daily (Renmin Ribao), 114,
186, 187, 198n1, 236, 243Perkins, Dwight, 75Peruzzi, Roberto, 18, 233–254Pesticides, 70, 71Peters, Theo, 236Philippines, 26, 238, 304, 330Pickowicz, Paul, 66“Ping-pong diplomacy,” 13, 112,
118, 120, 129, 130n17Poland, 3, 139, 154n13Pol Pot, 16, 25Population, China
control, 58, 62–63dispersal, 66, 81distribution, 58, 72, 76, 78, 97,
186, 191growth, 55–86, 185
Portugal, 7“Positive non-interventionism”
(Hong Kong), 19, 23, 266, 273Powell, Jody, 123Prague spring (1968), 35Press, Frank, 171Primary Health Care
movement, 135–157Public health, China, 13, 136,
138–145, 148, 150,154n11, 156n45
Pullman Kellogg Company, 191
INDEX 343
Putin, Vladimir, 26Putterman, Louis, 58Pye, Lucian W., 313–315
QQiao Guanhua, 263, 307Qiliying commune, 74
RRadchenko, Sergey, 10, 31–54, 182Raghavan, Srinath, 2, 109n14Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur, 13, 102Rahman, Ziaur, 90Rapprochement, Sino-American, 8, 9,
10, 22, 25, 33, 45, 49, 50,51n14, 51n18, 60, 115,129n4, 139, 176, 182, 189, 190,192, 194, 198n2, 199n4, 217,310, 314
Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 102Ray, Satyajit, 92, 105Reagan, Ronald, 6, 20,
28n14, 53n42, 332n3Red Flag (newspaper), 187Red Guards, 32, 115, 199n6, 236,
237, 239, 241Reforms, China, 11, 12, 19, 24, 26,
95, 101, 102, 111, 175, 184,194, 198n3, 234, 243, 280,311, 330
Refugees, Vietnamese, 19, 20,280, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286,288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293,295, 296
See also Boatpeople, VietnameseReischauer, Edwin O., 313Renmin Ribao (People’s Daily), 39Resistance to state power, China, 11,
105, 257, 268Rice, 72, 73, 95, 165, 186, 200n24
Roberts, Priscilla, 1–30,274n14, 303–325
Rocca, B.T., Jr., 189, 201n32Rockefeller Brothers Fund, 322n17,
323n26, 324n39, 325n47Rockefeller, David, 191, 192, 194,
312, 314, 315, 317–319, 323n26Rockefeller Foundation, 143, 152Rockefeller III, John D., 312Rogers, William P., 115Rolls Royce, 261Romania, 35, 46Rosen, Arthur H., 318, 324n36Rosen, Samuel, 139Royal Academy, 309Royal Institute of International Affairs
(RIIA), 305–307, 321n2, 321n3See also Chatham House
Royal Society, 309, 322n11, 322n13Rozelle, Scott, 72Rusk, Dean, 138, 139Rwanda, 161
SSaigon (Ho Chi Minh City),
Vietnam, 19, 280, 281–283, 285San Po Kong, Kowloon, Hong
Kong, 237Sargent, Daniel, 27n1, 198n2, 198n3,
268, 273n2Saunders, Sir John, 247Scalapino, Robert, 313–314Schenk, Catherine R., 235, 245,
250n2, 250n5, 254n66School of Oriental and African Studies
(SOAS), LondonUniversity, 252n22, 303, 322n13
Seattle, Washington, 173, 323n18Second World War, 1, 5, 23,
142, 280, 317Segal, Ronald, 104
344 INDEX
Selden, Mark, 66Self-reliance, 66, 182,
184, 191, 201n38Senegal, 161“Sent Down Campaign” China,
62, 63–66Shandong province, 70Shanghai, 70, 187, 217, 234,
236, 244, 250n1, 254n62, 303,309, 332n6
Shantou Special Economic Zone, 269Shanxi province, 47, 74, 82n1Sharif, Nawaz, 107Sharmanov, Turgeldy S., 149, 150Sha Tau Kok incident (1967), 241Shenyang, 38Shenzhen Special Economic
Zone, 269Shonfield, Andrew, 307, 322n6Shulu county, 74Siberia, 36, 49, 149Sichuan province, 145, 298n46Sidel, Ruth, 139–140Sidel, Victor, 140–141, 155n14Sierra Leone, 161Sihanouk, Norodom, 42, 116Singapore, 8, 23, 234, 238, 247Sing Tao Daily News (newspaper), 286Sino-British Joint Declaration
(1984), 296Sino-British Trade Council, 304Sino-Indian War (1962), 87Sino-Soviet split, 9, 14, 45,
137, 185, 314Snow, Edgar, 38, 51n20, 113, 114,
136, 137, 141, 142, 154n2Socialism, 3, 6, 25, 35, 144, 151,
251n12, 271, 331Soft power, 14, 20, 156n29, 305Somalia, 144, 145, 162Soong Ching-ling (Madame Sun
Yatsen), 142
South Australia, 218, 224South China Morning Post
(newspaper), 251n9South China Sea, 26, 280Southeast Asia, 2, 22, 144, 145,
260, 290, 309, 309, 311, 319,330, 332n8
Southeast Asian Treaty Organization(SEATO), 213
Soviet Unionrelations with China, 10, 16, 49,
206–207, 306, 308relations with United States, 10, 16,
20, 113, 122Spain, 7, 124Special Economic Zones, China, 287Sports, diplomatic role of, 118,
121, 153Sri Lanka, 162Stalin, Josef, 9, 36, 150Steevenhoven, Graham B.,
119, 131n27Sterling area, 17, 235, 244, 245, 249,
250, 254n67Sterling devaluation (1967), 248Sterling differential, 17–18, 235,
244–247, 249–250Stone, Bruce, 70, 73, 84n47, 85n53,
86n75, 86n78Strange, Susan, 234, 250n2, 254n66Sudan, 162Suri, Jeremi, 2, 27n4, 198n2Sweden, 284Sydney, Australia, 219, 222Syria, 162
TTaiwan Relations Act (1979), 174Taiwan (Republic of China), 15, 16Taiwan Straits Crisis (1954), 207Taiwan Straits Crisis (1958-1959), 37
INDEX 345
Ta Kung Pao (newspaper), 282Tamsui, Taiwan, 303Tanzania, 144, 145, 147,
155n24, 155n26Tan Zhenlin, 64Tasmania, Australia, 218,
224, 230n61Tehran, Iran, 121Tejada de Rivero, David A., 148, 149,
151, 156n42, 156n46Texas, 108n6, 196Thailand, 304Thatcher, Margaret, 3, 6, 23, 28n14,
257, 268, 271, 273, 277n58Think tanks, 21, 304, 305, 312“Third Way,” 153“Third World,” 14, 160Thompson, Harold, 309, 310, 311,
322n11, 322n13Thomson, James, 138, 139,
154n8, 154n11Tiananmen demonstrations, 13Tiananmen Square, 113–114Tibet, 21Tielieketi/Zhalanashkol, 43Time (magazine), 113Tin Tin Daily News (newspaper), 286Tissue culture, 73Togo, 161Tongzhi restoration, 24Trade controls, 18, 172–173,
211–212, 244–245Trade Union Congress (TUC), 265,
266, 272, 273Transportation system, China, 236Trench, David, Sir, 18, 240,
243, 251n8Tretiak, Daniel,
190, 201n33Trevelyan, Hugh, 307, 309, 311Triangular diplomacy
Britain-Hong Kong-China, 273
PRC-Soviet-US, 249Turkey, 304
UUeberoth, Peter, 127, 133n67Ullman, Richard W., 91, 319United Nations, 14, 63, 87, 118, 135,
146, 153, 161, 175, 207, 211,213, 219, 225, 249, 260, 291,316
Chinese membership, 207, 211United Nations Children’s Emergency
Fund (UNICEF), 147, 156n40United Nations General
Assembly, 126, 135, 146, 161,260
United Nations High Commissionerfor Refugees (UNHCR), 291,292
United Nations PopulationCommission, 63
United Nations Security Council, 146,316
United Statesrelations with Australia, 16, 21, 212,
213relations with China, 20, 118, 173,
174, 181, 183, 194, 304, 314,318, 323n25, 324n36,324n39, 325n47
United States, Central IntelligenceAgency (CIA), 18, 313
United States, Congress, 174United States, Department of
Agriculture, 196United States, Department of
Commerce, 173United States, Department of
Education, 315United States, Department of
State, 53n49, 154n5, 202n50
346 INDEX
United States, Export-ImportBank, 192, 195
United States, Foreign AssistanceAct, 197
United States, House ofRepresentatives, 83n15, 195
United States, InformationAgency, 315
United States, National SecurityCouncil, 121, 189
United States, Office of Managementand Budget, 115, 195
United States Olympic Committee(USOC), 122–123
United States, Senate, 123, 292United States Table Tennis
Association (USTTA), 119United States, Trade Act (1974), 192,
201n43United States, Trade Representative,
83n15, 123, 195, 203n57University of California at Berkeley
(UCB), 313University of Hong Kong, 142,
155n17University of Michigan, 115,
131n27, 200n25Upper Volta, 161Urbanization, China, 63Ussuri River, 10, 33, 182Uttar Pradesh state, India, 95Uyghurs, 47
VVance, Cyrus R., 123, 172, 196, 317,
319Venediktov, Dimitri, 149Venezuela, 147Victoria, Australia, 218Vietnam, North (People’s Republic of
Vietnam), 113
Vietnam, South (Republic ofVietnam), 5, 16,166, 281, 283, 285
Vietnam War, 3, 22, 35, 112, 139,298n46, 317
Vladivostok, 38
WWalesa, Lech, 3Walker, Peter, 261Walsh, Julia, 152, 157n56Wang Bingnan, 139Wang Guizhen, 147Wang Li, 241, 252n34, 253n41Wang Ming, 34Wang Renzhong, 62, 83n20Warhol, Andy, 8Warren, Kenneth, 152, 157n56Warsaw talks, 39War scare, China (1969-1970), 33,
48, 49“Washington Consensus,” 26Washington, DC, 28n18, 51n10,
132n56, 154n11, 179n54, 194Water conservancy, 82Watergate, 4, 120Wazed, Sheikh Hasina, 107Weihai, 74Welfare state, 1, 4, 23, 257, 264, 271,
272, 273Westad, Odd Arne, 11, 200n14,
298n46, 327–331Western alliance, 331Western world, 6, 17, 143,
238, 303, 327Wheat
production in China, 70, 71, 74,208, 209, 211, 227n7
sales to China, 215, 219, 221, 225White House Conference on Health
(1965), 138
INDEX 347
White, Ina, 139White, Lynn T. III, 11, 82n7, 198n3White, Paul Dudley, 136,
137, 139, 154n5Whiting, Allen, 313,
318, 319, 324n34Whitlam, Gough, 207, 210,
211–219, 225, 226Wilbur, W. Martin, 313Wilson, Harold, 258, 262, 263, 265Wilson, Jon, 12, 87–106Wong, John D., 19, 279–297Woodcock, Leonard, 179n61World Council of Churches, 143World Health Assembly
(WHA), 146–148World Health Organization
(WHO), 14, 146World Table Tennis Championships
(1971), 116World Table Tennis Federation, 115Worthy, William, 137Wright, Elizabeth, 309, 310
XXiamen Special Economic Zone, 269Xi Jinping, 26, 153, 157n61Xinhua News Agency, 152, 242Xinjiang, 21, 47Xinxiang county, 74Xiyang county, 82n1Xu Guoqi, 10, 20, 111, 153Xu Haifeng, 128Xu Xiangqian, 40, 52n37, 113
YYangtze river, 115Yao Dengshan, 241, 252n34
Yao Wenyuan, 185Ye Jianying, 40, 52n37, 113Yemen, 162Yep, Ray, 243, 253n46, 277n64Yost, Charles, 318Youde, Edward, 264Younger, Kenneth, 306Young Men’s Christian Association
(YMCA), 128Youth movement, 6, 63–65, 239Yuen, Susan, 238, 239,
252n23, 252n24Yugoslavia, 147, 153
ZZaire, 161Zanier, Valeria, 18, 233–250Zhang Jingfu, 320Zhang, Shu Guang, 14, 15, 16, 153,
159–176Zhang Wenjin, 320Zhao Ziyang, 13, 271Zhenbao Island, 10, 34, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 48, 49, 50Zhenbao Island (Damanskii
Island), 33Zhongshan University, 68Zhong Shitong, 127Zhou Enlai, 12, 31, 35, 40, 41, 42,
44, 45, 46, 48, 62, 114,116–119, 144, 160, 161, 162,165, 166, 167, 170, 176n3,186, 187, 212, 237, 241, 260,316, 328
Zhou Xun, 13Zhuhai Special Economic Zone, 269Zia-ul-Haq, Muhammad,
General, 107
348 INDEX