china grain data assembly -...

ISS Contemporary Chinese Research Series No.16

東京大学社会科学研究所

China Grain Data Assembly

張馨元　編

Edited byXin Yuan Zhang

China Grain Data A

ssembly

ISS Contem

porary Chinese Studies N

o.16

中国食糧データ集

現代中国研究拠点研究シリーズ No.16

Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo

2016.3.1 \\ws-svr02\Macshar\ したく \ 社会科学研究所 \現代中国語研究拠点研究シリーズ \No16\ 表紙 \No.16-Hyoshi.ai

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Edited by

Xin Yuan ZHANG

Corn silo at a peasant’s yard, November 2009.

Photographed by Xin Yuan Zhang

March, 2016

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�� .......................................................................................................... �� ..................................................................................... ��1-1-1 China's Grain Production, 1949-2014� .......................................................... �

1-1-2 China's Grain Production, % in total, 1949-2014� ........................................ �

1-2-1 Sown Areas of Major Grains, 1949-2014� .................................................... �

1-2-2 Sown Areas of Major Grains, % in total, 1949-2014� ................................... �

1-3 Population by Province, 1949-2014� ........................................................... ��

1-4 China's per Capita Grain Production, 1949-2014� ...................................... ��

1-5-1 Grain Production by Province, 1949-2014� ................................................ �

1-5-2 Grain Production by Province, per Capita, 1949-2014� .............................. �

1-6-1 Rice Production by Province, 1949-2014� .................................................. ��

1-6-2 Rice Production by Province, per Capita, 1949-2014� ................................ �

1-7-1 Wheat Production by Province, 1949-2014� ............................................... ��

1-7-2 Wheat Production by Province, per Capita, 1949-2014�............................. ��

1-8-1 Corn Production by Province, 1949-2014� ................................................. ��

1-8-2 Corn Production by Province, per Capita, 1949-2014� ............................... ��

�� .......................................................................... ��2-1-1 China's Grain Imports: Quantity, 1953-79� ................................................. ��

2-1-2 China's Grain Imports: Quantity, 1980-2014� ............................................. ��

2-2-1 China's Grain Exports: Quantity, 1953-79� ................................................. ��

2-2-2 China's Grain Exports: Quantity, 1980-2014� ............................................. �

2-3-1 Net Grain Imports: Quantity, 1953-79� ....................................................... ��

2-3-2 Net Grain Imports: Quantity, 1980-2014� ................................................... �

2-4-1 China's Rice Import: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ........................................................................................................ ��

2-4-2 China's Rice Export: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ........................................................................................................ �

2-5-1 China's Wheat Import: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ........................................................................................................ ��

2-5-2 China's Wheat Export: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ........................................................................................................ ��

2-6-1 China's Corn Import: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ........................................................................................................ ��

2-6-2 China's Corn Export: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ........................................................................................................ ��

2-7-1 China's Soybean Import: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ........................................................................................................ ��

2-7-2 China's Soybean Export: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ...................................................................................................... �

2-8-1 China's Barley Import: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ...................................................................................................... ��

2-8-2 China's Barley Export: Major Trade Partners and Domestic Customs

1996-2014� ...................................................................................................... �

2-9-1 China's Kidney Beans Import: Major Trade Partners and Domestic

Customs 1996-2014� ....................................................................................... ��

2-9-2 China's Kidney Beans Export: Major Trade Partners and Domestic

Customs 1996-2014� ....................................................................................... �

2-10-1 China's Grain Imports: Value and % in Total Imports, 1954-98� ............. ��

2-10-2 China's Grain Exports: Value and % in Total Exports, 1954-98� ............. ��

�� ...................... ��3-1 China's Grain Purchase and Rural Consumption, 1952-83� ...................... ��

3-2 Grain Purchase Volume at State-set Price, by Commodity, 1953-88� ...... ��

3-3 Grain Purchase Volume at State-set Price, by Province, 1953-88� ........... ��

3-4 Grain Purchase Volume at Negotiated Price, by Province, 1963-88� ....... ��

3-5 Provincial Grain Transfer: Inflow, 1953-77� ............................................ ��

3-6 Provincial Grain Transfer: Outflow, 1953-77� .......................................... ��

3-7 Provincial Grain Transfer: Net Outflow, 1953-88� ................................... �

3-8-1 Provincial Rice Transfer: Net Outflow, 1975-80� ..................................... ��

3-8-2 Provincial Wheat Transfer: Net Outflow, 1975-80� .................................. ��

3-8-3 Provincial Corn Transfer: Net Outflow, 1975-80� .................................... ��

3-8-4 Provincial Soybean Transfer: Net Outflow, 1975-80� .............................. ��

3-8-5 Provincial Tubers Transfer: Net Outflow, 1975-80� ................................. ��

3-9 Provincial �� Transfer: Inflow, 1981-88� ...................................... ��

3-10 Provincial �� Transfer: Outflow, 1981-88� ................................... ��

3-11 Grain Sales Volume at State-set Price, by Commodity, 1953-88� ............ ��

3-12 Grain Sales Volume at State-set Price, by Province, 1953-88� ................. ��

3-13 Grain Sales Volume at Negotiated Price, by Province, 1963-88� ............. �

3-14 Grain Purchase Volume by State-owned Grain Companies,

1978-2013� ...................................................................................................... ��

3-15 Grain Sales Volume by State-owned Grain Companies, 1978-2013� ....... �

3-16 Number of State-owned Grain Companies 2005-13� ................................ ��

3-17 Number of Employees at State-owned Grain Companies 2005-13� ......... ��

�� ........................................................ ��4-1 State-set Grain Purchase Price, 1950-90� .................................................. ��

4-2 State-set Grain Sales Price, 1950-90� ........................................................ ��

4-3-1 Price of Minor Grains and Byproducts, 1950-80: ��

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4-4 Operating Cost of Provincial Transfer, 1966-90s� .................................... ��

4-5-1 State-set Exchange Rate of Rice to Industrial Products, 1950-88� ........... ��

4-5-2 State-set Exchange Rate of Wheat to Industrial Products, 1950-88� ........ ��

4-5-3 State-set Exchange Rate of Corn to Industrial Products, 1950-88� ........... ��

4-6-1 State-set Prices of �� and ��: Indica Rice, Japonica

Rice 1950-80� .................................................................................................. ��

4-6-2 State-set Prices of �� and ��: Wheat, Corn

1950-80� .......................................................................................................... ��

4-6-3 State-set Prices of �� and ��: Millet, Sorghum

1950-80� .......................................................................................................... ��

4-7 Producer Price of Major Grains, 1975-2013� ............................................ ��

4-8 Market Retail Price of Major Grains, 1997-2013� .................................... ��

4-9 Grain Consumption of Urban and Rural Residents in Daily Life,

1952-1983� ...................................................................................................... ��

4-10 China's Grain Demand by Usage 1995-2005� ........................................... ��

4-11 China's Grain Demand by Commodity 1995-2006� .................................. ��

4-12 China's Grain Consumption by Commodity 2006-13� .............................. ��

��!�� ............................................................................................... ��

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i


��

China Grain Data Assembly offers its readers data on China’s grain

production, trade, provincial transfer, and prices from the 1950’s through the

2000’s. Data on grain production and trade for 2013 and 2014 are also presented

where the latest figures are available.

China’s grain security issue has been drawing intensive attention from

scholars in the fields of economics and agriculture as well as attention from policy

makers in China and abroad. With a current population of more than 1.3 billion

people and farmland constituting only 14% of the nation’s total area (China

Statistical Yearbook 2015), it may seem that China faces constant risks of grain

security and China’s grain situation threatens the stability of the international grain

market and food security of other countries, especially major grain importers such

as Japan and South Korea.

However, in reality, China has managed to expand its production of grains as

well as production of oilseeds and meat since the 1950s. To date, grain shortages

have not been seen at the national level for over 30 years. In addition, per capita

annual income of rural residents has increased in recent years from 1,577 yuan in

1995 to 7,916 yuan in 2012 ( , China Statistical Yearbook

2015). Though I cannot fully deny the existence of potential risks, as an economist,

I believe it is more constructive to put strength into analyzing the factors that have

been changing the structure of China’s grain economy than to estimate how much

grain shortage China might face in the long run.

To do this, let’s first summarize China’s grain situation after the 1950s into

three periods. (1) The grain shortage period. This period is characterized by an

absolute grain shortage from the 1950s to the early-1980s. All grains were

considered to be staple foods, and grain prices were kept low to support the

industrial sector. (2) The grain stagnation period. This period is characterized by a


ii

stagnation of grain production in the economy from the mid-1980s to the early

2000s. Grain production reached higher levels; however, long-term production was

not certain, and the price was unstable while changes in people’s food consumption

pattern emerged. (3) The grain boom period. This period is characterized by a

boom in grain production and consumption from 2004 to 2014. Grain production

and price increased while more grains were consumed as animal feed than as staple

food for people.

So far, most of my academic writings have explored changes in China’s grain

market depicted in Periods (2) and (3). I focused my studies on structural changes

in the corn market and the dry bean market after the 1980s (for details, see Tajima

& Zhang et al. 2016, Zhang 2014a, Zhang 2014b). However, neither my studies nor

any other existing economic studies provide the entire picture of China’s grain

system outlined in Period (1), particularly with regard to how grains were

transferred within the nation under the planned economy. One of the reasons for

this dearth in economic research is due to the lack of readily available data.

This book began, first, as a data collection and analyzation project that

commenced in April 2014. However, it is the joint fruit of projects: (1) Collection

and Analysis of Provincial and Company Grain Data in China (RICAS Research

Project, Year 2014–15, affiliated with Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia,

University of Tokyo) and (2) China’s Food Balance and the Role of Agribusinesses

(Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B, Year 2014–16. KAKENHI Research Project

No. 26850139, Xin Yuan Zhang as research representative).

Large portions of data were first discovered at the Universities Service Centre

for China Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Related material was

then found from online book stores, libraries at the University of Tokyo, and

various private book collections from my colleagues. Recent trade data was

collected via the Global Trade Atlas.

iii


This book comprises four chapters. Chapter 1 presents production data at both

the national and provincial levels. Per capita production of major grains is also

provided.

Chapter 2 provides data on overseas trade. Imports and exports of major

grains from the 1950s through 2014 are also included. Major trade partners and

domestic grain trade customs after 1996 are indicated in this chapter.

Chapter 3 is the most characteristic part of this book in that it comprises data

on China’s domestic grain trade and transfer ( � ) at the

provincial level under the planned economy. This chapter also contains purchase

and sales figures from state-owned grain companies after the 2004 reform in which

these companies were either privatized or reorganized to further promote the

marketization of the grain distribution system.

The grain price system was a complex of state-set prices and negotiated prices

under the planned economy. Chapter 4 presents information on grain prices after

the 1950s. This chapter covers prices of major and minor grains as well as

operation costs when state-owned grain companies conducted provincial transfers.

The latter part of Chapter 4 shows the available, albeit scarce, data on grain

demand and consumption found in books published in China.

Most of the related data could only be found in materials made available by

the former Ministry of Grain (currently known as the State Administration of

Grain). In this regard, I made as few modifications as possible to the data to

preserve the original intentions of the ministry. However, as a result of my

diligence, many figures in this book differ from those announced by the National

Bureau of Statistics. Please be aware of the difference when using the data.

With the completion of this book, I owe a debt of gratitude to many of my

colleagues. The data assembled in this book could not have been completed

without the support of Prof. Toshio Tajima (Osaka Sangyo University) and Prof.

Shiho Matsumura (Hokkaido University). These individuals generously offered

valuable historical data as well as advice on their interpretation. Prof. Tomoo


iv

Marukawa, Lecturer Asei Ito and Dr. Yiqun Xue at the Institute of Social Science,

University of Tokyo offered the opportunity to publish this book, both digitally and

in print. Kotaro Fukuhara (PhD candidate at the Graduate School of Agricultural

and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo; EHESS Air Liquide-FFJ Fellow 2016)

offered beneficial advice on how to distinguish various grain commodities across

time and helped analyze the data. Yayoi Kasami (PhD student at the Graduate

School of Humanities and Sociologies, University of Tokyo) worked diligently in

sorting and inputting all the raw data into a digital database. Many other scholars in

China and Japan supported my work on this book through debates at international

conferences and daily discussions. In this regard, I would like to thank them all.

As a final thought, all the data assembled here are far from revealing the entire

picture with regard to China’s grain economy after the 1950s. By allowing free

online access, I would like to call for cooperation, critique, and review from

scholars all over the world. And I look forward to opportunities for future

collaboration.

Xin Yuan Zhang

Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia

University of Tokyo

#��

Tajima, T., Zhang, X.Y. & Li ed., 2016. Adzuki and East Asia. Ochanomizu Shobo (in

Japanese),

Zhang, X.Y., 2014a. Development of China’s Corn Industry. Keiso Syobo (in Japanese).

Zhang, X.Y., 2014b. “China's Exports of Dry Beans: The Reverse Side of the Domestic Grain

Market”. Journal of Social Science, 66(1). ISS, University of Tokyo.

v


��

i.� Grain refers to the Chinese word, liangshi ( ). According to China

Statistical Yearbook, grain (liangshi) consists of three categories: cereals

(corn, rice, wheat and minor cereals such as millet, buckwheat etc.), beans

(soy bean, broad bean, kidney bean and other dry beans) and tubers.

ii.� Grain production ( ) consists of production of the same

commodities from the three categories above. However, 4kg of tubers were

counted as 1kg of grain from 1949 to 1963, and 5kg counted as 1kg of grain

from 1964 to present.

iii.� See Document List at the end for details on data sources.

iv.� See Index at the end for technical terms in English and Chinese.

v.� Blank means data do not exist or are not available according to original data

sources. Zero means the figure is smaller than 0.01.

vi.� Grain year and calendar year are both used in this book for the distinction of

the two is not clearly indicated in various data sources. See Document List

for possible details.

vii.� In production and trade data, China’s number doesn’t match the total of all

provinces according to original data sources.

viii.� Hainan was designated province in 1988. Chongqing was designated

municipality (the same administrative level as a province) in 1997.

ix.� Data in this book differ from those announced by the National Bureau of

Statistics due to different sources.

x.� Full version of this book is available online from April 2016.

http://web.iss.u-tokyo.ac.jp/kyoten/

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7


(Unit: 1,000 hectares)Total Grains

Sown Area Rice Wheat Corn Soybean Potato1949 124,286 109,959 25,709 21,515 12,915 8,3191950 128,826 114,406 26,149 22,800 12,953 9,6021951 132,860 117,769 26,933 23,055 12,455 10,8011952 141,256 123,979 28,382 24,780 12,566 11,6791953 144,035 126,637 28,321 25,636 13,134 12,3621954 147,925 128,995 28,722 26,967 13,171 12,6541955 151,081 129,839 29,173 26,739 14,639 11,4421956 159,173 136,339 33,312 27,272 17,662 12,0471957 157,244 133,633 32,241 27,542 14,943 12,7481958 151,995 127,613 31,915 25,775 16,213 9,5511959 142,405 116,023 29,034 23,575 13,002 9,8631960 150,642 122,429 29,607 27,294 14,090 9,3481961 143,214 121,443 26,276 25,572 13,602 9,9571962 140,229 121,621 26,935 24,075 12,817 9,5041963 140,218 120,741 27,715 23,771 15,376 9,6331964 143,531 122,103 29,607 25,408 15,363 10,0091965 143,291 119,627 29,825 24,709 15,671 8,5931966 146,829 120,988 30,529 23,919 16,008 8,4251967 144,943 119,230 30,436 25,299 15,095 8,5031968 139,827 116,157 29,894 24,658 14,578 8,3631969 140,944 117,604 30,432 25,162 14,578 8,3291970 143,487 119,267 32,358 25,458 15,831 7,9851971 145,684 120,846 34,918 25,639 16,726 7,7911972 147,919 121,209 35,143 26,302 16,703 7,5831973 148,547 121,156 35,090 26,439 16,571 7,4081974 148,635 120,976 35,512 27,061 17,410 7,2611975 149,545 121,062 35,729 27,661 18,598 6,9991976 149,723 120,743 36,217 28,417 19,228 6,6911977 149,333 120,400 35,526 28,065 19,658 6,8451978 150,104 120,587 34,421 29,183 19,961 7,1441979 148,477 119,263 33,873 29,357 20,133 7,2471980 146,379 117,234 33,879 28,844 20,087 7,2271981 145,157 114,958 33,295 28,307 19,425 8,0231982 144,755 113,463 33,071 27,955 18,543 8,419 2,4541983 143,993 114,047 33,137 29,050 18,824 7,567 2,5621984 144,221 112,884 33,179 29,577 18,537 7,286 2,562

Table 1-2-1 Sown Areas of Major Grains, 1949-2014 (1)

Year


8

(Unit: 1,000 hectares)Total Grains

Sown Area Rice Wheat Corn Soybean Potato1985 143,626 108,845 32,070 29,218 17,694 7,718 2,4781986 144,204 110,933 32,266 29,616 19,124 8,295 2,5071987 144,957 111,268 32,193 28,798 20,212 7,445 2,5881988 144,869 110,123 31,987 28,785 19,692 7,120 2,7471989 146,554 112,205 32,700 29,841 20,353 8,057 2,8231990 148,362 113,466 33,064 30,753 21,401 7,560 2,8651991 149,586 112,314 32,590 30,948 21,574 7,041 2,8791992 149,007 110,560 32,090 30,496 21,044 7,221 2,9951993 147,741 110,509 30,355 30,235 20,694 9,454 3,0871994 148,241 109,544 30,171 28,981 21,152 9,222 3,2081995 149,879 110,060 30,744 28,860 22,776 8,127 3,4341996 152,381 112,548 31,406 29,611 24,498 7,471 3,7361997 153,969 112,912 31,765 30,057 23,775 8,346 3,8241998 155,706 113,787 31,214 29,774 25,239 8,500 4,0641999 156,373 113,161 31,283 28,855 25,904 7,962 4,4182000 156,300 108,463 29,962 26,653 23,056 9,307 4,7232001 155,708 106,080 28,812 24,664 24,282 9,482 4,7192002 154,636 103,891 28,202 23,908 24,634 8,720 4,6682003 152,415 99,410 26,508 21,997 24,068 9,313 4,5222004 153,553 101,606 28,379 21,626 25,446 9,589 4,5972005 155,488 104,278 28,847 22,793 26,358 9,591 4,8802006 152,149 104,958 28,938 23,613 28,463 9,304 4,2112007 153,464 105,638 28,919 23,721 29,478 8,754 4,4302008 156,266 106,793 29,241 23,617 29,864 9,127 4,6632009 158,614 108,986 29,627 24,291 31,183 9,190 5,0812010 160,675 109,876 29,873 24,257 32,500 8,516 5,2052011 162,283 110,573 30,057 24,270 33,542 7,889 5,4242012 163,416 111,205 30,137 24,268 35,030 7,172 5,5322013 164,627 111,956 30,312 24,117 36,318 6,791 5,6152014 165,446 112,723 30,310 24,069 37,123 6,800 5,573

Table 1-2-1 Sown Areas of Major Grains, 1949-2014 (2)

Year

Data Source: Document 3, 7, 18, 20, 21 Note: Potato prior to 1982 is not available. Grains include minor grains that are not listedabove such as sorghum, kidney beans etc.

9


(Unit: %)Total Grains

Sown Area Rice Wheat Corn Soybean Potato1949 100.0 88.5 20.7 17.3 10.4 6.71950 100.0 88.8 20.3 17.7 10.1 7.51951 100.0 88.6 20.3 17.4 9.4 8.11952 100.0 87.8 20.1 17.5 8.9 8.31953 100.0 87.9 19.7 17.8 9.1 8.61954 100.0 87.2 19.4 18.2 8.9 8.61955 100.0 85.9 19.3 17.7 9.7 7.61956 100.0 85.7 20.9 17.1 11.1 7.61957 100.0 85.0 20.5 17.5 9.5 8.11958 100.0 84.0 21.0 17.0 10.7 6.31959 100.0 81.5 20.4 16.6 9.1 6.91960 100.0 81.3 19.7 18.1 9.4 6.21961 100.0 84.8 18.3 17.9 9.5 7.01962 100.0 86.7 19.2 17.2 9.1 6.81963 100.0 86.1 19.8 17.0 11.0 6.91964 100.0 85.1 20.6 17.7 10.7 7.01965 100.0 83.5 20.8 17.2 10.9 6.01966 100.0 82.4 20.8 16.3 10.9 5.71967 100.0 82.3 21.0 17.5 10.4 5.91968 100.0 83.1 21.4 17.6 10.4 6.01969 100.0 83.4 21.6 17.9 10.3 5.91970 100.0 83.1 22.6 17.7 11.0 5.61971 100.0 83.0 24.0 17.6 11.5 5.31972 100.0 81.9 23.8 17.8 11.3 5.11973 100.0 81.6 23.6 17.8 11.2 5.01974 100.0 81.4 23.9 18.2 11.7 4.91975 100.0 81.0 23.9 18.5 12.4 4.71976 100.0 80.6 24.2 19.0 12.8 4.51977 100.0 80.6 23.8 18.8 13.2 4.61978 100.0 80.3 22.9 19.4 13.3 4.81979 100.0 80.3 22.8 19.8 13.6 4.91980 100.0 80.1 23.1 19.7 13.7 4.91981 100.0 79.2 22.9 19.5 13.4 5.51982 100.0 78.4 22.8 19.3 12.8 5.8 1.71983 100.0 79.2 23.0 20.2 13.1 5.3 1.81984 100.0 78.3 23.0 20.5 12.9 5.1 1.8

Table 1-2-2 Sown Areas of Major Grains, % in total, 1949-2014 (1)

Year


10

(Unit: %)Total Grains

Sown Area Rice Wheat Corn Soybean Potato1985 100.0 75.8 22.3 20.3 12.3 5.4 1.71986 100.0 76.9 22.4 20.5 13.3 5.8 1.71987 100.0 76.8 22.2 19.9 13.9 5.1 1.81988 100.0 76.0 22.1 19.9 13.6 4.9 1.91989 100.0 76.6 22.3 20.4 13.9 5.5 1.91990 100.0 76.5 22.3 20.7 14.4 5.1 1.91991 100.0 75.1 21.8 20.7 14.4 4.7 1.91992 100.0 74.2 21.5 20.5 14.1 4.8 2.01993 100.0 74.8 20.5 20.5 14.0 6.4 2.11994 100.0 73.9 20.4 19.5 14.3 6.2 2.21995 100.0 73.4 20.5 19.3 15.2 5.4 2.31996 100.0 73.9 20.6 19.4 16.1 4.9 2.51997 100.0 73.3 20.6 19.5 15.4 5.4 2.51998 100.0 73.1 20.0 19.1 16.2 5.5 2.61999 100.0 72.4 20.0 18.5 16.6 5.1 2.82000 100.0 69.4 19.2 17.1 14.8 6.0 3.02001 100.0 68.1 18.5 15.8 15.6 6.1 3.02002 100.0 67.2 18.2 15.5 15.9 5.6 3.02003 100.0 65.2 17.4 14.4 15.8 6.1 3.02004 100.0 66.2 18.5 14.1 16.6 6.2 3.02005 100.0 67.1 18.6 14.7 17.0 6.2 3.12006 100.0 69.0 19.0 15.5 18.7 6.1 2.82007 100.0 68.8 18.8 15.5 19.2 5.7 2.92008 100.0 68.3 18.7 15.1 19.1 5.8 3.02009 100.0 68.7 18.7 15.3 19.7 5.8 3.22010 100.0 68.4 18.6 15.1 20.2 5.3 3.22011 100.0 68.1 18.5 15.0 20.7 4.9 3.32012 100.0 68.1 18.4 14.9 21.4 4.4 3.42013 100.0 68.0 18.4 14.6 22.1 4.1 3.42014 100.0 68.1 18.3 14.5 22.4 4.1 3.4

Data Source: calculated from Table 1-2-1.

Table 1-2-2 Sown Areas of Major Grains, % in total, 1949-2014 (2)

Year

11


(Unit: 1,000)

Province 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957

�� $ �%&'( $$�%)&( $&�%((( $' %*�( $*'%)&( &(�%&&( &� %&$( &�*%�*( & &%$�(

Beijing 2,031 2,043 2,220 2,488 2,766 3,104 3,201 3,832 4,011Tianjin 4,030 4,070 4,240 4,390 4,620 4,780 4,870 5,070 5,300Hebei 30,860 31,470 32,050 32,720 33,430 34,430 35,290 35,890 36,700Shanxi 12,809 13,116 13,519 13,952 14,268 14,645 15,087 15,536 15,867

Inner Mongolia 6,080 6,600 6,870 7,160 7,580 8,010 8,430 8,970 9,360Liaoning 18,310 18,760 18,890 19,320 20,390 21,530 22,170 23,070 23,950

Jilin 10,085 10,295 10,398 10,646 11,332 11,647 12,021 12,245 14,281Heilongjiang 10,119 10,370 10,728 11,105 11,897 12,502 13,212 14,182 14,785

Shanghai 5,029 4,927 5,522 5,726 6,152 6,627 6,231 6,349 6,897Jiangsu 35,120 35,830 36,560 37,390 38,170 38,920 39,840 40,890 41,830

Zhejiang 20,830 21,210 21,620 22,130 22,690 23,260 23,870 24,430 25,030Anhui 27,860 28,420 29,140 29,660 30,660 31,490 32,010 32,430 33,370Fujian 11,879 12,105 12,334 12,592 13,025 13,385 13,666 14,004 14,525Jiangxi 13,140 15,680 16,440 16,560 16,950 17,300 17,630 18,000 18,510

Shandong 45,490 46,400 47,320 48,270 49,240 50,520 51,740 52,560 53,730Henan 41,740 42,820 43,420 43,710 44,250 45,600 46,520 47,330 48,400Hubei 25,809 26,336 26,876 27,512 28,070 28,654 29,119 29,633 30,624Hunan 29,868 30,743 31,907 32,712 33,497 34,290 34,727 35,074 36,032

Guangdong 27,827 28,489 28,715 29,105 29,827 30,876 31,506 32,142 33,018Guangxi 18,750 19,060 19,430 19,760 20,180 20,530 20,920 21,470Hainan 2,590 2,660 2,730 2,780 2,860 2,910

ChongqingSichuan 57,300 58,300 61,200 64,110 65,080 66,490 67,910 69,450 70,810Guizhou 14,160 14,170 14,450 14,900 15,220 15,570 15,870 16,280 16,810Yunnan 15,950 16,270 16,600 16,950 17,310 17,680 18,060 18,420 18,970

TibetShaanxi 13,170 14,000 14,850 15,280 16,150 16,510 17,160 17,560 18,030Gansu 9,680 10,130 10,370 10,650 11,000 11,180 11,550 12,180 12,550

Qinghai 1,480 1,520 1,560 1,610 1,640 1,730 1,790 2,000 2,050Ningxia 1,200 1,260 1,330 1,420 1,510 1,580 1,650 1,720 1,790Xinjiang 4,330 4,440 4,550 4,650 4,780 5,000 5,120 5,330 5,580

Table 1-3 Population by Province (1)1949-57


12

(Unit: 1,000)

Province 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966

�� &$)%) ( &'�%('( &&�%('( &$*%$)( &'�%)$( &)�%'�( '( %))( '�$%�*( ' $% �(







Guangdong 33,718 34,334 34,714 34,909 35,754 36,705 37,548 38,655 39,693Guangxi 21,860 22,050 21,720 21,590 22,180 23,000 23,620 24,450 25,280Hainan 3,030 3,120 3,170 3,270 3,350 3,430 3,530 3,660 3,780


Tibet 1,210 1,230 1,270 1,300 1,300 1,320 1,350 1,370 1,400Shaanxi 18,320 18,810 19,440 19,680 20,080 20,560 21,000 21,440 21,930Gansu 12,820 12,930 12,440 12,110 12,400 12,490 12,900 13,450 13,930



13


(Unit: 1,000)

Province 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975

�� '&�%&*( '*$%� ( *(&%'�( *�)%)�( *$�%�)( *'�%''( *)�%��( )(*%$)( )� %�((













14

(Unit: 1,000)

Province 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

�� )�'%�'( ) )%' ( )&�%$)( )'$% �( )*'%($( �%(((%'�( �%(�$%)(( �%(�'%& ( �%(�*%'&(












15


(Unit: 1,000)

Province 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

�� %($(% ( �%(&$%�)( �%(*(%'�( �%()&%� ( �%��%)�( �%� �%��( �%�$*%��( �%�'�%'�( �%�*$%�'(













16

(Unit: 1,000)

Province 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

�� %�)*%$(( �%��%��( �%��%*)( �%��&%�&( �%� '%&�( �%�$'%*&( �%�&'% �( �%�'&%�'( �%�* %$�(








Chongqing 30,420 30,600 30,750 30,920 30,970 28,144Sichuan 109,980 113,250 114,300 84,300 84,930 85,500 86,020 86,400 81,100Guizhou 33,610 35,080 35,550 36,060 36,580 37,100 37,560 37,990 38,370Yunnan 38,320 39,900 40,420 40,940 41,440 41,920 42,410 42,870 43,330




17


(Unit: 1,000)

Province 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

�� %�)�%�'( �%�))%**( �%�('%$&( �%�� % *( �%��%�)( �%��*%(�( �%�� %$(( �%� (%)�( �%� '%�$(








Chongqing 28,032 27,933 27,980 28,080 28,160 28,390 28,590 28,846 29,190Sichuan 81,760 80,900 82,120 81,690 81,270 81,380 81,850 80,449 80,500Guizhou 38,700 39,040 37,300 36,900 36,320 35,960 35,370 34,790 34,690Yunnan 43,760 44,150 44,504 44,830 45,140 45,430 45,710 46,016 46,310





18

(Unit: 1,000)

Province 2012 2013 2014 2015 2030 2050 2100

�� %�$ %( ( �%�&(%'�( �%�&'%*�( �%�'&%( ) �% �$%$ $ �%� *%($& �%(( %�)�

Beijing 20,693 21,148 21,520Tianjin 14,132 14,722 15,170Hebei 72,875 73,326 73,840Shanxi 36,108 36,298 36,480

Inner Mongolia 24,899 24,976 25,050Liaoning 43,890 43,900 43,910

Jilin 27,504 27,513 27,520Heilongjiang 38,340 38,350 38,330

Shanghai 23,804 24,152 24,260Jiangsu 79,200 79,395 79,600

Zhejiang 54,770 54,980 55,080Anhui 59,880 60,298 60,830Fujian 37,480 37,740 38,060Jiangxi 45,039 45,222 45,420

Shandong 96,849 97,334 97,890Henan 94,062 94,134 94,360Hubei 57,790 57,990 58,160Hunan 66,389 66,906 67,370

Guangdong 105,940 106,440 107,240Guangxi 46,820 47,190 47,540Hainan 8,866 8,953 9,030

Chongqing 29,450 29,700 29,910Sichuan 80,762 81,070 81,400Guizhou 34,841 35,022 35,080Yunnan 46,590 46,866 47,140

Tibet 3,076 3,120 3,180Shaanxi 37,530 37,640 37,750Gansu 25,776 25,822 25,910

Qinghai 5,732 5,778 5,830Ningxia 6,472 6,542 6,620Xinjiang 22,328 22,643 22,980

Data source: 1949-89, Document 11. !"#"$!"%"�� 1990-2014, Document 9, 18. 2015-2100, estimated population, mediumvariant from UN �&��'��(��'&��)(��*+!, .Note: Estimated population at the end of each year.


19


��526��

�� %�"1� "�1" %$1$ %%1� �1 �$� %!�1 ��1" %#1! %$1% !1$�$ %$$1% �&1# !�1# % 1$ $1!�$% %"$1% �1� !1$ %�1! #1#�$! %"!1& %1% !1 %"1 #1��$ %"1! &1# !"1& %"1 $1�$$ %��1! %&1� !&1 !!1 1"�$# !�#1" !1! !�1$ !#1& #1!�$& !�1& ! 1% !#1# !!1% $1$�$" %��1$ %%1$ ! 1% !$1� !1�$� %$%1$ �!1% !!1� % 1" !1��#� %&1! ��1% !!1$ % 1% �1&�# %�&1! "1 %1# %!1$ �1 �#% %%�1$ �!1# % 1" % 1% �1&�#! % $1" �#1# %#1& %�1" �1��# %##1� &1& %�1# !%1% 1%�#$ %#"1% %�1� ! 1" !%1# "1$�## %"&1 %"1� !!1� !"1 1�#& %"$1% %%1& !&1! !$1� �1"�#" %##1% %�1 !$1� !1� �1%�#� %#1$ &1" !!1" !�1� �1$�&� %"�1 !%1$ !$1% !�1" �1$�& %�!1$ !$1% !"1% %1 �1�&% %&$1� !�1� 1! !#1" &1 �&! %�&1� !#1$ !�1$ !1! �1 �& !�!1� !#1 $1� &1% "1%�&$ !�&1� !$1� �1� $1 &1"� !�$1$ ! 1% $!1" $1 &1�&& %�&1& !$1 !1! $%1� &1#�&" !#1# %1! $$1� $"1 &1��&� ! �1$ &1 # 1! #1$ &1#�"� !% 1" 1& $$1� #!1 "1��" !% 1" !1� $�1# $�1% �1!�"% ! �1� $�1 #&1 $�1# "1� 1&�"! !� # 1! &�1% ##1 �1$ 1��" !�%1 &1# " 1$ &�1& �1! $1$

��' ��(�/��/��)��*�� '%� ��

+�� )��


20

��526��

�� "$ !#�1� #�1$ "1& #�1" �1� $1�"# !#&1$ #1& " 1$ ##1$ �1� $1��"& !&%1� #1% &�1$ &!1! 1$ 1��"" !$�1$ $ 1! &&1� &�1# �1# $1"�"� !##1$ #%1� "1& &1� �1% $1#�� !��1! #$1# "$1� " 1& �1# $1&�� !&$1" $"1& "%1" "$1! "1 $1!��% !&&1" $"1� "#1& "1 "1" #1$��! !"$1% �1" "�1" "#1& %1� &1"�� !&1 #1" "%1� "%1" !1! &1!��$ !"$1% $%1� " 1 �%1$ 1 &1$��# %1% $�1 ��1! � 1% �1" "1&��& !��1& #%1 ��1& " 1 1� �1!��" �1# $�1! "&1� �#1# %1 �1�� 1% $&1" ��1$ �$1& 1! "1�%�� !# 1& "1! &"1# "!1# %1% �1$%�� !$ 1& !�1 &!1# "�1 %1 �1%��% !$$1" !$1� &�1! � 1 %1" �1�%��! !!!1! % 1! ##1� "�1# 1� �1$%�� !#1% !&1" &�1& ��1% !1 1%��$ !&�1% !"1 & 1$ �#1# %1$ �1"%��# !&"1� !"1% "%1$ $1! 1$ �1"%��& !&�1# �1" "%1& $1! �1# �1"%��" !�"1 1$ " 1& % 1� 1& �1&%�� !�&1" #1% "#1! %%1� 1% 1�%�� &1$ #1� "$1� !%1% 1% %1%%� %!1� �1% "&1 !1 �1" !1%�% !$1 $�1" "�1 $1� �1# !1&%�! %1 �1# "�1# #�1# "1" 1%� !1" $1� �%1! $&1& "1� 1�

,��*�4��-��''��*��'!1

��' ��(�/��/��)��*�� '%� ��%�

+�� )��

21


(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957

�� %�*( ��%��( � �%&)( �&�%)�( �&&%*�( �&)%$�( �*�%' ( �)�%'$( �)$%($(

Beijing 417 540 623 733 801 582 734 570 784Tianjin 233 363 457 559 513 426 632 571 722Hebei 4,695 6,062 5,799 7,722 6,857 6,782 7,705 6,818 8,192Shanxi 2,596 3,009 3,191 3,840 4,322 4,117 3,728 4,337 3,567

Inner Mongolia 2,125 2,220 1,770 3,485 360 3,995 3,325 4,655 3,025Liaoning 4,053 5,133 4,641 5,440 5,599 6,079 6,166 7,432 5,870


Shanghai 702 893 858 970 1,120 1,033 1,129 1,219 1,018Jiangsu 7,485 8,490 9,305 9,976 10,638 10,492 11,792 10,819 10,636



Guangdong 6,859 6,908 7,339 7,974 8,701 9,219 9,237 9,882 10,072Guangxi 4,045 4,325 4,782 5,293 5,643 6,005 5,970 5,901 5,849Hainan 380 388 513 569 603 641 583 808 819


Tibet 155 168Shaanxi 3,311 3,702 4,240 3,975 4,815 5,045 4,515 5,435 4,440Gansu 2,060 2,200 2,520 2,680 2,610 3,170 3,310 3,800 3,150

Qinghai 296 319 340 371 331 526 589 611 585Ningxia 335 417 474 428 605 621 762 560Xinjiang 848 975 1,071 1,331 1,410 1,456 1,470 1,583 1,456

Table 1-5-1 Grain Production by Province (1) 1949-57


22

(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966

�� ((%((( �'(%((( � �%$(( � '%$(( �&(%((( �'(%((( �*'%$(( �) %$�( �� %(((

Beijing 844 579 552 608 792 855 975 1,192 1,102Tianjin 467 519 466 472 443 652 671 1,172 821Hebei 8,376 7,397 6,228 5,924 6,628 5,518 7,474 9,645 10,947Shanxi 4,624 4,074 3,372 3,537 3,746 4,174 4,888 4,629 4,720






Guangdong 9,756 8,306 8,141 8,293 9,296 10,192 10,599 12,277 12,266Guangxi 5,861 4,973 4,973 4,995 5,227 4,745 6,101 6,667 6,787Hainan 778 574 602 643 635 757 825 913


Tibet 175 183 206 225 240 265 273 291 314Shaanxi 5,135 4,740 4,095 3,760 4,000 4,405 4,475 6,075 5,895Gansu 3,400 2,900 2,010 1,950 2,100 2,900 3,030 3,710 3,060

Qinghai 586 521 414 392 415 611 629 671 593Ningxia 696 634 467 488 484 710 746 833 809Xinjiang 1,961 1,975 1,980 1,744 1,654 2,180 2,561 2,617 3,323


23


(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975

�� '%*�( �()%(&( ��(%)'( ��)%)&( �$(%� ( � (% *( �& %) ( �'$%�'( �* %$�(

Beijing 1,135 1,274 1,160 1,409 1,424 1,178 1,529 1,707 1,839Tianjin 1,022 1,059 848 1,175 1,189 776 985 1,384 1,293Hebei 10,629 9,775 11,062 12,725 12,812 11,545 13,881 15,686 15,434Shanxi 4,753 4,342 4,853 5,185 5,987 5,217 6,247 6,911 7,674






Guangdong 12,739 12,078 12,951 12,838 14,258 13,995 13,485 15,155 14,646Guangxi 7,183 7,010 7,520 8,197 8,974 9,484 10,044 10,354 11,269Hainan 984 1,233 1,301 1,250 1,458 1,520



Qinghai 568 505 558 649 639 793 838 853 932Ningxia 895 728 776 720 905 869 761 1,182 1,095Xinjiang 2,711 2,193 2,563 3,032 3,131 2,783 3,066 2,588 3,110



24

(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

�� *&%��( �*�%'�( �( %'&$ ��%��$ ��(%$$$ ��$%(�( �$ %$(( �*'%�'$ ('%�($

Beijing 1,704 1,504 1,860 1,730 1,860 1,805 1,855 2,015 2,175Tianjin 1,196 879 1,170 1,385 1,380 1,070 1,225 1,110 1,315Hebei 14,799 13,121 16,150 17,795 15,225 15,750 17,520 19,000 18,700Shanxi 7,069 7,134 6,740 8,005 6,855 7,250 8,250 8,060 7,820






Guangdong 14,295 15,949 16,320 17,380 18,085 16,555 19,430 19,605 19,725Guangxi 10,747 11,152 9,270 11,730 11,905 11,495 13,530 13,630 12,130Hainan 1,513 1,541



Qinghai 890 861 905 820 955 800 925 895 1,010Ningxia 756 990 1,180 1,060 1,200 1,265 1,195 1,450 1,540Xinjiang 3,397 3,228 3,750 3,935 3,885 3,900 4,075 4,535 4,970


25


(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

�� ')%�(* �)�%$�� (�%)'' �) %(*� ('%$ ) &%� � �$%�)� �%&$* $&% **







Guangdong 17,379 17,178 17,212 16,568 18,270 18,969 18,526 17,743 16,015Guangxi 11,171 11,181 12,184 10,450 12,708 13,631 13,410 14,189 14,565Hainan 1,335 1,198 1,518 1,696 1,777 1,933 1,841



Qinghai 1,003 984 1,035 1,058 1,108 1,140 1,146 1,185 1,186Ningxia 1,395 1,540 1,430 1,616 1,746 1,901 1,982 1,869 2,052Xinjiang 4,988 5,477 5,794 6,049 6,201 6,662 6,706 6,943 6,945



26

(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

�� $%�(� &&%&�* $( %$�$ ) %�'� $��%�)$ $(*%�*& &�%�'$ $�%&�' $'%($*

Beijing 2,762 2,598 2,374 2,375 2,392 2,010 1,442 1,049 823Tianjin 1,903 2,075 2,070 2,062 2,101 1,749 1,241 1,433 1,378Hebei 25,235 27,390 27,895 27,467 29,175 27,463 25,511 24,918 24,358Shanxi 8,904 9,171 10,771 9,014 10,815 8,217 8,534 6,921 9,255







Chongqing 11,577 11,225 11,116 11,069 10,235 10,824Sichuan 40,479 43,650 44,957 34,613 35,197 35,514 33,720 29,265 31,324Guizhou 9,387 9,489 10,126 10,259 11,000 11,252 11,613 11,003 10,342Yunnan 11,465 11,889 12,462 12,719 13,195 13,993 14,678 14,863 14,247


Qinghai 1,168 1,142 1,238 1,276 1,282 1,036 827 1,032 913Ningxia 2,041 2,032 2,579 2,566 2,949 2,933 2,527 2,748 3,019Xinjiang 6,435 7,185 8,053 8,300 8,366 7,993 7,837 7,800 8,356


27


(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

�� (%&)$ &)% &) * %(�� )*%( � $(�%&(� $�*%'() $�(%*�� $ &% '' $'�%�(*

Beijing 580 702 949 1,092 1,021 1,255 1,248 1,157 1,218Tianjin 1,193 1,228 1,375 1,419 1,472 1,489 1,563 1,597 1,618Hebei 23,878 24,801 25,986 27,806 28,416 29,058 29,102 29,759 31,726Shanxi 9,589 10,620 9,780 10,245 10,071 10,280 9,420 10,851 11,930



Shanghai 988 1,063 1,054 1,113 1,092 1,157 1,217 1,184 1,220Jiangsu 24,719 28,291 28,346 30,960 31,322 31,755 32,301 32,351 33,078




Chongqing 10,871 11,445 11,682 8,084 10,880 11,532 11,372 11,561 11,269Sichuan 30,541 31,467 32,111 28,597 30,270 31,400 31,946 32,229 32,916Guizhou 11,043 11,496 11,521 10,380 11,009 11,580 11,683 11,123 8,769Yunnan 14,710 15,095 15,149 14,576 14,607 15,186 15,769 15,310 16,736


Qinghai 868 885 933 997 1,062 1,018 1,027 1,020 1,034Ningxia 2,702 2,905 2,998 3,224 3,235 3,292 3,407 3,565 3,590Xinjiang 7,755 7,965 8,766 8,964 8,670 9,305 11,520 11,707 12,247



28

(Unit: 1,000 ton)

Province 2012 2013 2014

�� $*)%$*( &(�%)�* &('%(�&

Beijing 1,138 961 639Tianjin 1,618 1,747 1,760Hebei 32,466 33,650 33,602Shanxi 12,741 13,128 13,308

Inner Mongolia 25,285 27,730 27,530Liaoning 20,705 21,956 17,539

Jilin 33,430 35,510 35,328Heilongjiang 57,615 60,041 62,422

Shanghai 1,224 1,142 1,125Jiangsu 33,725 34,230 34,906

Zhejiang 7,698 7,340 7,574Anhui 32,891 32,796 34,158Fujian 6,593 6,644 6,670Jiangxi 20,848 21,161 21,435

Shandong 45,114 45,282 45,966Henan 56,386 57,137 57,723Hubei 24,418 25,013 25,842Hunan 30,065 29,257 30,013

Guangdong 13,963 13,159 13,573Guangxi 14,849 15,218 15,344Hainan 1,995 1,909 1,866

Chongqing 11,385 11,481 11,445Sichuan 33,150 33,871 33,749Guizhou 10,795 10,300 11,385Yunnan 17,491 18,240 18,607

Tibet 949 962 980Shaanxi 12,451 12,158 11,978Gansu 11,097 11,389 11,587

Qinghai 1,015 1,024 1,048Ningxia 3,750 3,734 3,779Xinjiang 12,730 13,770 14,145

Data source: a) Production of China: Table 1-1-1.

b) Provincial production: 1949-77, Document 11. 1978-2007, Document 20. 2008-14, Document 18.Note: China's production doesn't match the total of provincial production based on various data sources.


29


(Unit: kg)

Province 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957

�� () ��) �$$ �*$ �* �*� �)) �(' �(�

Beijing 205 264 280 295 290 188 229 149 195Tianjin 58 89 108 127 111 89 130 113 136Hebei 152 193 181 236 205 197 218 190 223Shanxi 203 229 236 275 303 281 247 279 225

Inner Mongolia 350 336 258 487 47 499 394 519 323Liaoning 221 274 246 282 275 282 278 322 245

Jilin 455 538 450 576 495 456 463 403 301Heilongjiang 571 662 657 724 600 563 621 559 450

Shanghai 140 181 155 169 182 156 181 192 148Jiangsu 213 237 255 267 279 270 296 265 254

Zhejiang 206 244 289 317 306 305 319 307 306Anhui 229 238 301 301 296 247 360 280 308Fujian 238 257 274 295 298 282 285 317 306Jiangxi 295 286 261 347 340 332 355 360 354

Shandong 191 223 216 248 213 247 247 261 210Henan 171 197 242 230 247 251 269 256 244Hubei 224 242 266 272 291 233 308 332 322Hunan 214 243 261 315 309 271 324 295 314

Guangdong 246 242 256 274 292 299 293 307 305Guangxi 231 251 272 286 298 291 282 272Hainan 147 220 227 235 210 282 281

ChongqingSichuan 261 249 251 256 275 286 289 310 301Guizhou 209 212 221 231 249 264 269 299 319Yunnan 246 248 252 266 276 289 300 326 307

TibetShaanxi 251 264 286 260 298 306 263 310 246Gansu 213 217 243 252 237 284 287 312 251

Qinghai 200 210 218 231 202 304 329 306 286Ningxia 266 313 334 283 383 376 443 313Xinjiang 196 220 235 286 295 291 287 297 261

Table 1-5-2 Grain Production by Province, per Capita (1) 1949-57


30

(Unit: kg)

Province 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966

�� (� �$� ��' �� * � & �&& �&* �*'







Guangdong 289 242 234 238 260 278 282 318 309Guangxi 268 226 229 231 236 206 258 273 268Hainan 257 184 190 197 190 221 234 250


Tibet 145 149 162 173 184 201 202 212 224Shaanxi 280 252 211 191 199 214 213 283 269Gansu 265 224 162 161 169 232 235 276 220

Qinghai 260 201 166 186 202 291 287 292 246Ningxia 359 303 219 240 243 343 347 367 344Xinjiang 337 304 289 246 237 306 344 332 397


31


(Unit: kg)

Province 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975

�� *$ �&& �&� �*) �)� �'& �)' �(� �(*







Guangdong 313 288 302 295 317 305 287 317 301Guangxi 278 264 275 291 310 319 329 331 352Hainan 229 271 278 261 299 306






32

(Unit: kg)

Province 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

�� (& �)* ��' � ( ��$ ��$ � ) �'' �)�







Guangdong 290 320 322 338 346 311 359 357 354Guangxi 329 335 272 338 336 318 367 365 319Hainan 300 299





33


(Unit: kg)

Province 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

�� &� �&* �'� �&( �&' �)( �'& �'* �*$







Guangdong 307 299 295 279 303 299 288 272 242Guangxi 288 283 303 256 306 320 310 324 328Hainan 217 191 238 256 264 282 263






34

(Unit: kg)

Province 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

�� '� �*$ �� (( �� ( �&$ �$$ �$&







Guangdong 239 253 264 269 273 271 228 206 167Guangxi 283 332 329 333 333 334 322 316 308Hainan 271 279 269 288 280 285 253 246 235

Chongqing 381 367 361 358 330 385Sichuan 368 385 393 411 414 415 392 339 386Guizhou 279 270 285 284 301 303 309 290 270Yunnan 299 298 308 311 318 334 346 347 329

Tibet 285 292 318 319 337 360 373 374 366Shaanxi

china grain data assembly -...

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