China – Firsttrials on carpfarming andfirst fisheriesinspectors andinstructors

2852 –2205 B.C

Egipt – in a tomb is found the image of a man harvesting tilapia from a pond

2052 -1786 BC

Bolivia -irrigationcombinedwith fish

200BC

200 BC

Etruscans - Start of “vallicoltura” onAdriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts

Fan Lai “The Classic of Fish Culture”

473 B.C

Marcus Terentius Varro– “Rerum rusticarum libri III”(About Agriculture)

36 B.C

Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella “De re Rustica” (About

Agriculture)

Chapter VIIIDE VILLATICIS PASTIONIBUS.

AVIARIUS ET PISCATOR (Growing farm animals: Birds and Fish)

50 A.D.

CharlemagneCodex “Capitulare de villis vel curtis

imperii Caroli Magni”

812 A.D.

• Hungary – Komarom and Szeged ponds (X)

• England (1086) – William the Conqueror in Domesday Book orders the registration of the properties of his kingdom and the Abbey of St. Edmonds registers “il viviariae piscinae” for the use of rectorium

• Poland – Zator ponds (XI)

• Bohemia (1115) – Kladruby Monastery

• Romania (Transilvania) (1247) Diploma of the Hospitaliers –Celei ponds, (1322 – 1329) –ponds near Timisoara and Cluj

• Romania – Muntenia (1247),

• France: 12th – 13 th century –Valois (1160), Dombes (1258)

• Germany – Regensburg (XI)

• Romania (Moldova) – 1421

Albertus Magnus – De

animalibus, 1260, BNF,

Gallica

Hildegard von Bingen(1098 – 1179) theabbess of Rupertsbergnear Bingen, Germany

Jan Dubravius, Bishop of Olomuc(Moravia) 1559 - De piscinis et pisciumqui in eis aluntur naturis (About pondsand fish growing in them).

Olbrycht Strumienski. 1573. Osprawie, sypaniu, wymierzaniu irybieniu stawów - On the repair,grading, measuring and stocking ofponds

John Taverner - Certaine experimentsconcerning fish and fruite: practised byJohn Tavernier Gentleman, and by himpublished for the benefit of others,London: Printed [by Richard Field] forWilliam Ponsonby, 1600.

Gervaise Markham (1614) –Cheape and Good Husbandryfor the well-ordering of AllBeasts, and Fowles, and for theGenerall Cure of Their Diseases

Roger North, an English lawyerpublishes in 1714 A Treatise onFish and Fish-Ponds, by the Hon.ROGER NORTH illustrated witheighteen beautifully-colouredspecimens, by ELEAZAR ALBINwhich will be republished in1794 as The history of esculentfish

1841 Anton Gehin and Joseph Remy were made famous by their skills in

trout artificial fecundation

1741 - Stephen Ludwig Jacobi started artificial propagation

in Germany

1768 – Lazare Spallanzidescribes the artificialfertilization of fish eggs

1841 – Gottlieb Boccius publishes ATreatise On the Management Of Fresh-Water Fish, With a View To MakingThem a Source Of Profit To LandedProprietors

1870

• Thomas Dublisch – develops the specialization of carp ponds

1872

• Common carp introduction in USA from Germany– by Julius Poppe

1879

• Rainbow trout introduction to Europe by U.S. Fish Commission

1884

• Josef Susta – On Nutrition of the Carp and its Fishponds Associates

Community polyculture

Industrial monoculture

Ecosystem approach

Social Ecosystem

Plant Agriculture Animal Agriculture

Intensive monoculture aquaculture

Pond multifunctional aquaculture

PROVIDER

Fish production

Fiber production

Irrigation and fertilizer source for agriculture

REGULATION

• Local climate regulation

• Water regulation

CULTURAL

Raising environmental awareness

Important part of the cultural heritage

Landscape as a source of inspiration, education and leisure, tourism, birdwatching

SUPPORT

• Nutrients sequestration (N, P, C)

• Wetland preservation

• Biodiversity preservation through resting, nesting and feeding areas