china
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CHINA. CHINA. In eastern AsiaWorld’s most populated country Fourth largest country in terms of area Beijing is the capitalShanghai is the largest city 70% of it is mountains, hills, and highlands Wide range of climatesMost farmland and people are in the east - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHINA
CHINA
In eastern Asia World’s most populated countryFourth largest country in terms of areaBeijing is the capital Shanghai is the largest city70% of it is mountains, hills, and highlandsWide range of climates Most farmland and people are in the eastMost live in towns or villagesRepublic government controlled by the Communist partyGovernment controls economy but is letting more free enterprise
1 in 5 people are ChineseMost work in agriculture90% live in eastern China92% are HanFamily is very importantLive modestlyMen marry after 22Women marry after 20Only allowed to have two kidsOne of the world’s oldest civilizationsDeveloped the compass, paper, and porcelain
less than 20 years
1/3 ½
traditions and rituals
less than 10%
Privatization – the government not owning everythingIt allows individuals to own land and start businesses
8 times larger
their writing
34 a minute and 7 million a year
construction projects
Chinese New Year
The Chinese language has over a ___________________ characters in it.
An ancient form of writing from China is called _________________.
The ________________ and _________________ are two symbols of Communism.
Besides rice the ______________________ plant has been grown in China for a long time.
____________ on the Chinese flag stands for revolution, the big starrepresents the _______________________, and the four smaller starsstand for the __________________________ .
China has a ___________________________ climate.
The Chinese were the first to use _______________________ and their currency is called the _______________________ .
China’s official national religion is ______________________.
The __________________________________ has the most fertile soil in China.
Countries Around the World: China
thousand
calligraphy
hammer sickle
soybean
RedCommunist Partypeople
diverse
paper moneyYuan
atheist
Yangtze River Delta
MODERN CHINA CROSSWORD PUZZLE
CHINA’S PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Yangtze River
Summer Temp. = 65° FWinter Temp. = 22° F
Annual Precipitation = 40 ins.Vegetation Type = rainforest
The Yangtze river (meaning “Long River”) is the longest river in Asia, and the fourth longest in the world. It runs for a good 3,859 miles. To some people, it is considered a dividing line between
northern and southern China.
The word “Gobi” means very large and dry in Mongolian. The Gobi Desert is the 5th largest desert in the world and is Asia’s largest. It covers an area of about 500,000 square miles. The Gobi Desert is a cold desert, and it is not uncommon to see frost or occasionally snow on its dunes.
Gobi Desert
Summer Temp. = 113° FWinter Temp. = -40° F
Annual Precipitation = 5.5 ins.Vegetation Type = desert
Summer Temp. = -13° FWinter Temp. = -100° FAnnual Precipitation = 80 inches Vegetation Type = none
Himalayan Mountains
. The Himalayan Mountains are the world’s highest mountain range and contain the world’s highest mountain, Mount Everest, which is over 25,000 feet high. The Himalayas extend for 1,500 miles. These mountains are extremely dangerous to travel through, not only because of their height, but
also because they are always covered in snow and ice.
Huang He (Yellow) River
Summer Temp. = variesWinter Temp. = varies
Annual Precipitation = 16 ins.Vegetation Type = sparse grasses
The Huang He River is the second longest river in China, as well as the sixth longest river in the world. It stretches about 3,395 miles. This river is commonly known as the Yellow River, because that is the color of the river from all of the sediment it carries. Another nickname for this river is
“China’s Sorrow”. It is called this because it has been known to have devastating floods.
North China Plain
Summer Temp. = 82° FWinter Temp. = 28° F
Annual Precipitation = 23 ins.Vegetation Type = grassland
The North China Plain is the largest flat lowland area in China. It stretches across an area of 158,000 square miles. The early Chinese considered this plain “the center of the world”.
Plateau of Tibet
Summer Temp. = 45° FWinter Temp. = 18° F
Annual Precipitation = 10 inchesVegetation Type = sparse grasses
The Tibetan Plateau is also called “the roof of the world”. It is the highest and largest plateau in the world covering an area about four times the size of Texas.
Taklimakan Desert
Summer Temp. = 100° FWinter Temp. = 15° F
Annual Precipitation = 5 inchesVegetation Type = desert
The Taklimakan Desert is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Many different mummies have been found in this desert, and some date back over four thousand years. The word
“taklimakan” is known to mean “desert of death” or “place of no return”.
Summer Temp. = 41° FWinter Temp. = 15° F
Annual Precipitation = 10 ins.Vegetation Type = forest
Tien Shan Mountains
The Tien Shan Mountains are one of the longest mountain ranges in Central Asia. Their name means “mountains of the spirits”. The mountains at their lower levels contain many spruce forests.
Manchurian Plain• Summer Temp. = 75° F• Winter Temp. = 10° F• Annual Precipitation = 20 ins.• Vegetation Type = sparse grasses
The Manchurian Plain is also known as the Northeast China Plain. It covers an area of over 135,000 square miles. There are almost no trees on this plain. This area is good for raising livestock and herding.
Yangtze River Location:flows through south central China from the mountains to the sea
Facts: -Also known as the Chang Jiang-Yangtze = Long River-Longest river in China and Asia and 4th in the world-It sometimes does flood-People use the river to move goods between eastern and western areas in the region -Its surrounding lands are very fertile
Gobi Desert • LocationIt covers part of China and Mongolia
Facts- one of the world’s largest deserts - Most of the desert is stony and its
surface is made up of small pebbles and tiny bits of sand
- It is a cold desert, and it is not uncommon to see frost and occasionally snow on its dunes
- Vegetation is sparse and the plants there tend to be small and widely spaced
Himalayan Mountains • LocationAlong China’s southern
border and forms a natural border between the Indian subcontinent
Facts- the highest mountain
range in the world - region is a bitterly cold
place - It is so cold that there is
very little or no vegetation.
Huang He (Yellow) River
• LocationIt bends through north central China from the
mountains to the sea
Facts - Second longest river in China, 6th in the
world - called the Yellow River because of the
enormous amounts of yellow silt- Very muddy river - Called "the cradle of Chinese civilization",
as its basin is the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations
- the river has flooded more than 1,500 times, causing much damage and loss of life. This has also earned the river the name "China's Sorrow".
North China Plain • Location- east central China
Facts- is a flat region of grassland and
temperatures range from very warm in the summer to cold in the winter.
- called the “Land of the Yellow Earth” because the ground is covered by yellow limestone silt from the Gobi Desert
- This flat yellow-soil plain is the main area of grains, corn, and cotton production in China. Wheat, sesame seed, and peanuts are also grown here.
- The plain is one of the most densely populated regions in the world.
Plateau of Tibet • LocationThe southwestern part of China is
dominated by the high Tibet Plateau
Facts- This area is often called the
“Roof of the World” since it is over two miles above sea level
- It is a very large area, covering almost a quarter of the land in China
- very cold and dry climate with sparse shrubs and grasses
- The natural vegetation is eaten by antelopes and yaks that roam the area
Taklimakan Desert • Location- located in western China, just
northwest of the Tibetan Plateau
Facts- Over 105,000 square miles- considered one of the most
dangerous deserts in the world - “once you go in, you will not come
out”- The desert’s huge sand dunes
shift and change as the wind blows the sand around and sandstorms arise with stunning speed
- the desert is very dry with vegetation near oases only
- Legend says that two armies and three hundred cities are buried in it
Tien Shan Mountains • Location- The northwestern tip of China and
lies to the north and west of the Taklimakan Desert
Facts- one of the longest mountain ranges in
Central Asia at 1700 miles long- The name Tien Shan literally means
“celestial mountains” and is sacred to those who practice Daoism
- Heavy rain and snowfall on the range create a mountain environment that contrasts dramatically with the arid desert terrain of the southern foothills
- On the lower slopes, there are flowery meadows and forests
- Top of them are covered with glaciers
Manchurian Plain
• Location- northeastern China - east of
Mongolia
Facts- Also known as Northeast China
Plain- is a land of low hills and plains
and the natural vegetation is mostly prairie grass
- It has short, warm summers and is cold in the winter – dry in the north and wetter in the south
- In general, the plain is too cold and dry to be a good place for growing crops but is good for herding and livestock
Map of China’s Physiographic Features
China Map KeyYangtze River Gobi DesertHimalayan MountainsHuang He/Yellow (River)North China PlainPlateau of TibetTaklimakan DesertTien Shan (Mountains)Manchurian Plain
It is said that nature has built a natural wall around China. List the names of the physiographic features which form China’s natural wall.
MOUNTAINS (4) DESERTS (2) SEAS (3)
What do you think will be the advantages and disadvantages to China having a “natural wall”?
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
HimalayaHindu KushTien ShanAltai
GobiTaklimakan
YellowEast ChinaSouth China
Safe from invaders/protectionWill have many natural resourcesEtc.
Difficult to trade/travel to/with othersCause isolationEtc.
HELPFUL or HARMFUL???
CHINA’S GEOGRAPHY
HELPFUL HARMFUL OTHER FACTSNatural barriers give protectionRivers link/bring the people togetherRivers flood and enrich the soil for farmingRivers used for their resources and as transportation/trade routes
Natural barriers make it hard to travel and communicateNumerous regions formed and developed their own ways and, therefore, the Chinese were not unifiedRivers flood, destroy, and killDeserts are dry wastelands
Southwest = mountainsNorth and west = mountains and desertsEast = oceanAll of the above act as barriers keeping China both isolated and safe
PREHISTORIC CHINA
Yangshao
Yangshao• Began 10,000 B.C.E• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River
in north central China.• Were farmers in China• Had houses built partially underground
with plastered floors and roofs supported by wooden beams
• Created painted pottery with geometric designs on it They used a kiln but no potter’s wheel
Lungshan
Lungshan• About 3000 B.C.E• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in
northeast China.• Farmers that raised cattle, sheep, pigs, and
dogs and grew wheat and millet• Eventually settled in southern China to grow rice• Leaders arose to complete projects to control
flooding• Created black pottery using a kiln and a potter’s
wheel• First to harvest silk from silkworms to weave
fabric which became a major export of China
Xia • Last of the Prehistoric settlements around 2000 B.C.E.
(ruled for about 300 years)• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in north central
China.• Know about them from legends and eventually what
archeologists have found• Had bronze weapons and tools• Were farmers• Made pottery• Rulers communicated with spirits for help and guidance• Defeated by the Shang, China’s first dynasty
Could eventually become China’s first dynasty when and if more evidence is found about them
The Shang Dynasty
A Shang dynasty tortoise shell with pictographs. The Shang dynasty is the earliest Chinese dynasty supported by archeological and written evidence.
The ruins of Yin date back to the Shang dynasty. A number of tombs were discovered at this site, but only one, that of Fuo Hao, was undisturbed.
A jade carving discovered in Fuo Hao's tomb. Fuo Hao was a wife of King Wu Ding during the Shang dynasty and is reported to have served as a military leader. Her tomb was untouched when discovered in 1976.
Evidence of human sacrifice is common in elite tombs of the Shang dynasty.
A Shang dynasty bronze zun or wine vessel, shaped in the form of an elephant with uplifted trunk.
A Chinese archeologist works at a newly discovered pit of chariots and horses in the ruins of Yin. Five of the seven pits are arranged in a line, with chariots and horses facing eastward.
SHANG DYNASTY
1) 1700-1050 BCE
2) On the Huang He River in the North China Plain
4) A series of rulers from the same family
5) From the tombs, artifacts, and writing we have found
3) The Shang dynasty is important because . . .CHINA’S FIRST DYNASTY
1) farmers
lived in the Wei Valley on the Huang He River
2) In 1050 BCE Wu the Martial and the Zhou conquered the Shang3) China’s longest lasting dynasty
4) Tian – impersonal power (heaven) worshiped by the Zhou that demanded right behavior and good government
Mandate of Heaven – getting heaven’s (tian) support if you ruled well
owned all of the land and granted Nobles complete control of the land given them, protects and defends the land and people, govern in the interest of the people
controls the land given to him from the king which consisted of a walled town and the farms around it, must give the king a portion of what the peasants produce from his land, must send the king soldiers in times of war
work the farmland and give the noble some of what they produce/make, are the soldiers
KING
NOBLES
PEASANTS
6) Dialects are different forms of the same language
7) Communication from region to region was difficult because people could not always understand each other when they spoke
8) Expanded the use of writing so no matter how a word was pronounced in the different regions of China, its written form would be the same and understood. This allows China’s culture to grow and spread.
Qin
Located near the city of XiaWas a palace for the afterlife with jewels and a recreated ChinaWas built by prisonersSoldiers were made of clay, brightly painted, and no two are alikeMakers were buried with Qin
It uses picture symbols with no alphabet and is very hard
Shang = 1700 – 1050 BCEZhou = 1050 – 221 BCEQin = 221 – 206 BCE
Built by prisoners and peasants8 horses wide at the top and 6 horses wide at the bottom and 5 men tallOver 1500 miles longMade to keep out the Mongols
A trade route from China to Rome
Your last name (family name) is first and your first name goes last
tea, rice, wheat, noodles, beans, and vegetables
Fireworks, yoyo, stir-fry, compass, noodles, paper, coins, kites, wheel barrow, silk, china/porcelain, ship’s rudder, acupuncture
ANCIENT CHINA’S BELIEF SYSTEMS
China’s greatest teacherBorn in Lu, ChinaWas part of a noble family then became poor and orphanedWell educatedGave simple lessons for living
551 – 479 BCE during the last years of the Zhou Dynasty
Order and mutual respect among people led to peaceTreat others the way you would want to be treated – Golden Rule
CONFUCIUS
Central idea of Confucianism “relationship between two people”
One person existing in harmony with another
REN
Husband and wifeFather and sonOlder brother and younger brotherFriend and friendRuler and subject
Sincerity (honest), loyalty (trusting), mutual respect (considerate)
Family very important and children should respect their parentsRulers should act like good fathersGovernment should be based on goodnessGovernment officials should earn their jobs
CONFUCIANISM
MOISM
Mozi
Universal love for all people and respect for all people will bring peace
LEGALISM
All people are bad by nature
Only a strong government with strict laws and harsh punishments can keep the evil under control
DAOISM
Laozi
Want a small and simple society
Best leaders work quietly in the background and do not worry about getting credit
Want to find Dao – “the way” of the universe by being in harmony with nature and in touch with your inner feelings