chilled water thermal energy storage tank overview
TRANSCRIPT
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Overview
• Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Concept
• TES Tank Options
• Innovations In Tank Technology
• Example TES Projects
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Energy Storage Concept
• Energy is stored during “off-peak” periods,
then distributed during “peak” periods.
• Examples of energy storage systems:
Batteries in a mobile phone
The human body
Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
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Thermal Energy Storage
• Commercialized over 30 years ago
• Thousands of installations throughout
the GCC, world, and the U.S.
• Adaptable to almost any chilled water
district cooling system
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Predominantly Two Types of
Commercial TES Systems
Ice Storage• Energy stored in a solid
or ice phase
• Relatively small footprint, ideal for small work areas
Chilled Water• Energy in the chilled
water liquid phase
• Economical in larger applications
BIG “rechargeable batteries”
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Tank Building Experience
• 3,000+ tanks designed and
built world-wide
• Prestressed concrete tanks
• 87 years of tank experience
• 34 years of TES tank
experience
• 48 tanks in Middle East
• 40 crews building tanks
throughout the world
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• Circular concrete TES tanks
• Custom built up to 160,000 m3
(35 MIG) & beyond
• Heights up to 30m (98.5 feet)
• Design / Build capabilities
Our Capabilities
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TES Tank Options
• Welded Steel
• Conventionally Reinforced
Concrete
• Internal Post Tensioned
Concrete
• External Prestressed
Concrete
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Welded Steel
• Advantages:• Low initial cost
• Disadvantages:• Maintenance costs
• Corrosion
• Out of service time
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Conventionally Reinforced Concrete
• Advantages:• Concrete likes water
• Availability of material
• Widely used in the area
• Disadvantages:• Concrete in tension
• Congestion of rebar
• Liners and coatings
• Rectangular shape
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Internal Post Tensioned Concrete
• Advantages:• Concrete in compression
• Disadvantages:• Tendon ducts
• Base joints
• Liners
• Repair is difficult
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External Prestressed Concrete
• Disadvantages:• Potential for higher initial
cost
• Advantages:• Lowest total cost of
ownership
• Complete compression
• No maintenance
• Speed of construction
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University
Campuses
Government and
Municipalities
Examples of TES Tanks
Private Industry,
Power Plants, and
Data Centers
Los Angeles, CA - USC Riverside, CA - UC
Lackland AFB, TX San Antonio, TX - Airport
Brooks, CA – CCC Resort Santa Clara, CA – DFP Escondido, CA – SDG&E
Raleigh, NC
Orlando, FL - UCF
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TES with Chilled Water
District Cooling Systems
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Chilled Water TES Concept
Tank
“Charging”
- Night mode
Tank
“Cooling the Building”
- Day mode
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Stratified Chilled Water
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Daily Operation of a TES Tank
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Typical Performance of a
Properly Functioning TES Tank
1 Hour into the
Test Thermocline
11.7 DEG C
11.7 DEG C
11.9 DEG C
12.2 DEG C
8.9 DEG C
5.2 DEG C
5.4 DEG C
5.3 DEG C
5.3 DEG C
5.5 DEG C
5.3 DEG C
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Electric Load Profile
With TES:
permanent electric load shift from peak periods to off-peak periods
energy consumption reduction by taking advantage of cooler
ambient conditions at nighttime when chillers run more efficiently
LOAD PROFILE WITH TESLOAD PROFILE WITHOUT TES
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Financial Benefits
All TES systems provide owners with financial
benefits – some examples:
Energy Cost Savings – using electrons wisely
Cost Avoidance – when expanding the campus
Insurance – no downtime of critical processes
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TES Tank Design – Typical Plan
• Octagonal diffuser piping
• Distribution piping
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.
TES Tank Design – Typical Elevation
• Diffuser and distribution piping
• SS hangers and supports
• Flat roof
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Upper Diffuser Piping
SS PIPE HANGERS
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
DIFFUSER PIPE
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Diffuser Piping
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AWWA D110 Type 1 PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE TANKS
• Inner Concrete Core
• Horizontal Prestressing
• Vertical Post-Tensioning
• Flexible Floor-Wall Connection
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Wall Construction
- AWWA D110 Type 1
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Wall Shutters
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Wall Detail
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Cast-in-Place
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Pour
Windows
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Vertical Post Tensioning
- AWWA D110 Type 1
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Electronic Recorder Hydraulic Ram
Continuous Electronic Monitoring
78 tons force – 36 mm
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Electronic Recording
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Circumferential Prestressing
- AWWA D110 Type 1Machine Wrapped Strand
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Machine Wrapped Prestressing
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Water blasting
Water Blasting VIDEO
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Strandwrapping
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Automated Shotcrete
Automated Shotcreting VIDEO
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Plastic Wrapping
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Exterior Insulation &
Finishing System (EIFS)
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Blend in with the Campus
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Industrial
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Owner’s Logo
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Multi-Color
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2 Nos. X 19,000 m3 (4.2 MIG) Tanks
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4,500 m3 (1.0 MIG) Tank
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• Superior track record of performance
• Concrete in biaxial compression
• No maintenance – no cracks, no leaks• No internal coatings
• No corrosion
• No measureable leakage
• Quicker construction time
• Singular responsibility: design, diffuser & tank building
Advantages: AWWA D110 Type 1
Micah J. Somarriba, P.E.
Mobile: +974.6690.6245