Issues and ChallengesChilled Water

Issues and ChallengesChilled Water

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The design and specification of insulation on a chilled water distribution networkmight be considered routine by some engineers and designers. Yet, a survey by Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning magazine revealed that almost one out of 10 of respondents had been involved with a failed chilled water insulation projectwithin the previous 12 months.

There are several challenges facing insulation in the chilled water environment:

Water Vapor TransmissionWater vapor transmission is thesingle-most destructive element toany chilled water system in hotand humid environments. It isextremely important to use animpermeable insulation becausewet insulation can, and usuallydoes, grow mold spores, whichcan cause severe air qualityproblems, and possibly “sickbuilding syndrome.” Wetinsulation can also destroyceilings, lighting, cause electricalproblems, and drip onto rugs,furniture and equipment below.

Thermal ConductivityThere are many causes or mechanisms for the increasedconductivity of insulations.Unfortunately, designers/usersmay be mislead by common butincorrect concepts that result inthe severity of these problemsbeing significantly underestimated.To provide long-term thermalefficiency in a true operatingenvironment, the insulation mustresist intrusion of water and watervapor, resist chemical attack, andbe able to withstand physical andmechanical abuse.

Fire SafetyFire is probably the most seriousof all safety issues in any public oroccupied building. During a fire,some insulations burn at anincredible rate while poppingflaming embers into the air andemitting lethal gasses such ascarbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,hydrochloric acid, nitrous oxides,formaldehyde and acrylonitrile.That’s why it is important to havean insulation that will not burn orgive off toxic smoke.

CorrosionIn many industrial operations,such as petroleum, chemical andfood processing, the possibility ofcorrosion-related failures underthermal insulation is a majorconcern. When thermal insulationgets wet, metal corrosion isaccelerated, which can causeserious economic and safetyconsequences. In most cases,serious corrosion is associatedwith an absorptive insulation, butit is most severe in thetemperature range where liquidwater can be present, which is thecase with chilled water systems.Corrosion is a costly problem forindustrial facilities—in the UnitedStates alone. Corrosion-relatedcosts currently exceed $300 billiona year.

CostOften times, owners and designersplace too much focus on initialsystem costs and ignore thesignificant influence that degradedthermal insulation performancecan have on long-term operatingcosts. Although there are nosimple, broad rules for estimatingreplacement costs, some engineershave suggested that they caneasily run two-to-three times theinitial installed insulation cost.

LongevityIn order to provide long-termperformance, thermal insulationmust be able to withstand harshenvironmental and serviceconditions. Many thermalinsulations are easily degraded bymoisture and/or mechanical abuse,which leads to increased operatingcosts and can cause problemswith process control andpersonnel protection. This canlead to additional degradation ofboth the insulation and theequipment it protects.

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Determining Potential Moisture Intrusion No matter where your chilled water system is located—indoors, outdoors, underground, aboveground, subject to high or low humidity, or in conditioned or non-conditioned surroundings—there is a potential for moisture penetration into the insulation system. While systems in all areas of the country are subject to moisture damage, there arecertain “bands” more prone to degradation. The following map illustrates moisture intrusionpotential across the United States:

The FOAMGLAS® Insulation SolutionDesign vs. Real-World PerformanceSystem design should maintain the outer surfacetemperature of the insulation above the dew point forthe likely range in ambient air conditions. Most of the time, it is impossible to provide realisticinsulation thicknesses to prevent condensation.

Pittsburgh Corning offers computerized services fordetermining required insulation thickness to preventsurface condensation. A variety of techniques provideinsulation thicknesses of adequate accuracy for mostapplications. However, any method will be only asgood as the design and specification in ambientconditions. Designers are cautioned that calculatingaverage ambient conditions for a particular locationmay provide quite reasonable insulation thicknessvalues, but this is likely to result in a significant

number of days during which sweating and dripping

of condensate occur.

Vapor “Barriers”Specifiers can never quite reduce vapor drive to zero but think that applying a so-called vapor “barrier” over insulation solves the problem. But rarely, if ever in practice, can water vapor flow bereduced to zero. Thus, the term vapor barrier hasmore or less been replaced by vapor “check” or“retarder.”

If your insulated cold piping is exposed to ambient ornon-conditioned air, it should receive special attention.When cold piping operates year-round, a constantvapor drive exists under humid air conditions. Inpermeable type insulations, moisture inevitablyaccumulates, regardless of vapor retarders, jackets, andvapor sealing of joints and fittings. If the insulationabsorbs just 4%, it may lose 70% of its thermalefficiency. Wet insulation acts as a thermal conductorrather than an insulator.

High (Impermeable Insulation Recommended)

Moderate (Permeable or ImpermeableInsulation May Be Suitable)

Low (Permeable Insulation Suitable)

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FOAMGLAS® Insulation Meets All ChallengesFOAMGLAS® cellular glass insulation is a lightweight,rigid insulating material composed of millions ofcompletely sealed glass cells, each an insulating space.This all-glass, closed-cell structure provides anunmatched combination of physical properties idealfor piping and equipment below or above ground,indoors or outdoors, at operating temperatures from -450°F to +900°F (-268°C to +482°C). Billions ofsquare feet have been installed throughout the worldin thousands of industries and operations because it is:

• Resistant to water in both liquid and vapor forms

• Noncorrosive

• Noncombustible/nonabsorbent of combustible liquids

• Resistant to most industrial reagents

• Dimensionally stable under a variety of temperature and humidity conditions

• Superior in terms of compressive strength

• Resistant to vermin and microbes

• Fiber, CFC and HCFC free

FOAMGLAS® insulation’s diversity of properties resultsin a unique and unmatched combination of benefits,proven over decades of in-the-field performance:

• Constant, long-term energy efficiency provides low,predictable energy costs

• Enhanced process control allows improved,consistent product quality

• Minimal maintenance/repair/replacement ofinsulation or facility infrastructure reduces life cycle costs

• Corrosion resistance and fire resistance protects theinsulated equipment, and helps minimize subsequentplant shutdown time

• Virtual elimination of the potential for auto-ignitionfrom absorbed combustible liquids or fire fromcondensed low-temperature gasses

• Proven durability for underground and exterior installations

• Manufacturing of FOAMGLAS® insulation puts nostress on the atmosphere’s ozone layer, while itslong-term thermal efficiencies reduce energydemand and the effects of burning fossil fuels on the environment

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Through-Penetration Fire-Stop SystemsBecause it is all-glass and inherentlynoncombustible, FOAMGLAS® insulation will not add any fuel to the fire and will notproduce any toxic fumes.

1. FOAMGLAS® insulation has a 3-hourrating with a maximum insulationthickness of 3 inches.

2. FOAMGLAS® insulation was tested with amaximum annular space of 2-1/2 inches.

3. FOAMGLAS® insulation was tested withthe point of contact on one side. Thisrepresents a worst-case situation andmeans that a pipe insulated withFOAMGLAS® insulation does not have tobe centered in the penetration opening.

4. The FOAMGLAS® insulation system issimple and relatively inexpensivecompared to other fire-stop systems with a 3-hour rating.

Pittsburgh Corning currently has 12 UL-approved through-penetration fire-stop systems available through severalfabricators/distributors located throughoutthe country. The approved systems use 1-1/2 to 3-inch-thick insulation. Themaximum pipe size tested for theseapplications is 20 inches.

UL Approved Through-Penetration Fire-Stop Systems

System Number F/T/L Ratings

C-AJ-5060 F Ratings — 2 and 3 Hr T Ratings — 0, 1/2, 3/4, 1 and 1-1/2 Hr

C-AJ-5069 F Rating — 2 HrT Ratings — 0 & 1 Hr

C-AJ-5103 F Rating — 2 HrT Ratings — 1 and 2 Hr

C-AJ-5120 F Rating — 2 HrT Ratings — 1 and 2 Hr

W-L-5038 F Rating — 2 HrT Rating — 2 Hr

W-L-5045 F Rating — 1 & 2 Hr T Rating — 1/2, 1 & 1-1/2 Hr

W-L-5046 F Rating — 1 & 2 HrT Rating — 0 & 1 Hr

W-L-5051 F Rating — 1 & 2 Hr T Rating — 1-1/2 HrL Rating At Ambient — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ftL Rating At 400 F — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft

W-L-5083 F Rating — 2 HrT Rating — 2 Hr

W-J-5011 F Rating — 2 HrT Rating — 1-1/2 HrL Rating At Ambient — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ftL Rating At 400 F — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft

W-J-5015 F Ratings — 1 and 2 Hr T Ratings — 1/2, 1 and 1-1/2 Hr

W-J-5038 F Ratings — 1 and 2 Hr T Ratings — 1/2, 1 and 1-1/2 Hr

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SEALANTS:Locally applied at the jobsite, sealants are utilized atjoints, metal jacketing laps and around protrusions.Sealants prevent water vapor entry on low- andintermediate-temperature and cyclic systems. Theirfunction, however, is not to mask poor-fittinginsulation.

Butyl sealants are appropriate for use withFOAMGLAS® insulation because of their durabilityand low-temperature flexibility. It’s important forsealants to remain flexible and resealable, becompatible and resist mildew.

JACKETING:Jacketing provides mechanical protection on eitherabove- or below-ground installations and can act asa weather or vapor retarder. Jacketing can be madeof metal, single-layer plastic or laminatesincorporating various materials.

Metal jacketing is commonly used for outdoor,above-ground systems and is not a vapor retarder. A major concern with using metal jacketing is itsinability to provide vapor retarder protection,especially on vertical runs. Once water enters thesesystems, it may be impossible to remove.

On piping and equipment with operatingtemperatures below ambient, highly reflectivematerials with low emissivity such as unpaintedmetal jacketing will decrease heat gains. As a result,the surface temperature will be reduced and the potential for condensation will increase. When

designing below-ambient insulation systems for maximum condensation protection, lessreflective materials with a higher emissivity such as painted metal, PVC, ASJ or mastic should be selected for the outer surface of theinsulation system.

Plastic jacketing comes most commonly in the formof solid polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This is usuallyseen on indoor, above-ground installations.

Laminate jacketing consists of an outer kraft paperor plastic film, scrim fabric reinforcement, and inneraluminum foil or “metalized” plastic vapor barrier.Formats include: (1) all service jacketing (ASJ), with a low flame-spread-treated kraft paper, usually a glass fiber scrim and aluminum inner face, (2) vinyl/scrim/foil jacketing (VSF) and (3) polypropylene, scrim and foil (PPSF), acombination with very low flame spread that is more economical than VSF.

For most indoor systems, laminates are thepreferred jacketing. They function as a vaporretarder on refrigerated chilled water, low-pressuresteam and process lines.

On underground systems, special bituminous-containing laminates are available. Their primaryfunction is to provide a waterproof membrane andto absorb the shock of soil and rock overburdenwhen the insulated pipeline is direct buried.

Importance of Compatible AccessoriesRegardless of the amount of time spent on analyzing a particular insulation’s ability to meet yourneeds, if quality, compatible accessories are not used, the dependability of the system could beplaced at unnecessary risk.

Accessory products are often viewed—incorrectly—as commodities with little differentiation amongcompetitive products, and are often selected as an afterthought. Also, the contractor sometimeschanges the choice of accessories at the last minute—and this is often unknown to the end user.

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Testing MethodsWhen analyzing test results for insulationperformance, it is important to use the appropriatetest methods for determining performance in a chilledwater system:

ASTM E-96 (Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials)

There is both a “wet cup” and a “dry cup” method toperform this test, which measures water permeability.The “dry cup” method measures materials at 0%relative humidity (RH) on one side and 50% on theother side. The “wet cup” method measures materialsat 100% RH on one side and 50% RH on the other side.The “wet cup” method of testing is more indicative ofchilled water piping applications in humid climates.When tested by the “wet cup” method, which is theappropriate cold application test, FOAMGLAS®

insulation has a permeability that is 21,350 times lessthan that of phenolic foam. Even when tested under“dry cup” values, FOAMGLAS® insulation has a watervapor permeability that is 585 times lower thanphenolic foam.

ASTM E-84(Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials)

This test observes the comparative surface burningcharacteristics of building materials—versus red oakand inorganic reinforced cement board. “Flamespread index” is a comparative, numerical measurerelating to the progress of a flame zone. “Surfaceflame spread” is the advancement of flame away froman ignition source across a specimen’s surface.“Smoke developed index” is a comparativeclassification based on smoke observation. Whentested under the conditions of ASTM E-84,FOAMGLAS® insulation is rated to have a “flamespread” of 0. The smoke developed in this test isFOAMGLAS® insulation with a rating of 0. There is nosmoke with FOAMGLAS® insulation. Glass will notburn; therefore no smoke is generated by theinsulation in a fire situation.

Value-Added Services From Pittsburgh CorningIn addition to industry-leading insulation andaccessory products, Pittsburgh Corning offers anumber of valuable client services:

• Worldwide Availability—With two plants in theUnited States and one in Europe, Pittsburgh CorningCorporation can uniquely provide consistency ofsupply, a millions-of-board-feet inventory and readyavailability.

• Service Values—Equally critical to productperformance is the added value of PittsburghCorning’s support services to ensure that theproduct is smoothly and properly incorporated intothe customer’s requirements, project and facilities.

• Technical Service—Pittsburgh Corning’s TechnicalService Staff provides product, application andmaterials testing, standardized and customizedspecifications, on-site customer assistance andinstallation guidance. A network of local salesrepresentatives and distributors are available forconsultation and problem resolution.

• Energy Analysis Service—To simplify yourinsulation specification process, Pittsburgh Corningoffers an Energy/Economic Analysis Service, andour exclusive Energy Analysis Report (EAR).Developed with customer-specific data subjected tocomputer analysis and other calculations, EARsassist systems designers in specifying the properinsulation thicknesses. This is a free service to

prospective clients.

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FOAMGLAS® Insulation—Performance Proven

Raymond James Stadium—The site of SuperBowl XXXV is keeping fans cool while the gridironaction heats up. More than 22,000 lineal feet ofchilled water lines at the Tampa, Florida stadiumare protected with FOAMGLAS® insulation. Amajor climactic concern at the stadium is not howto keep the place cool, but rather how to controlcondensation. If the chilled water pipe comes incontact with Tampa’s hot, humid air, there is a lotof potential for moisture to form on the outside ofthe pipe. FOAMGLAS® insulation was specifiedfor the chilled water pipe at Raymond JamesStadium because it’s the ideal insulation to use in applications where temperature andhumidity are factors. For more information, see PC Case History #FI257.

National Institutes of Health—The NIH inWashington is also one of the largest chilled waterfacilities in the world, consisting of 55,000 tons ofinstalled chilled water capacity—more than 10linear miles of chilled water piping supply andreturn lines in its utility tunnel network and trenchsystems. Considering the capital investment thatNIH made in its chilled water system, the selectionof insulation plays a critical role in the ability ofthe system to operate efficiently and maintenance-free. System designers chose FOAMGLAS®

insulation because it is moisture resistant and acts as a vapor barrier to protect the chilled water piping. For more information, see PC Case History #FI256.

CASE STUDIES

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Pharmacia & Upjohn—Pharmacia AB ofSweden and The Upjohn Company in Kalamazoo,Michigan, merged in November 1995 to formPharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., which is now theworld’s ninth-largest pharmaceutical company.The company has a plant in Portage, Michigan,which houses a 10,000-ton underground chilledwater distribution system and a 6,000-ton chilledwater generation system. Michigan’s hostileweather environment can cause a number ofproblems for the operation of any piping system—especially chilled water systems. Since thepipelines are exposed to temperatures below 0°Fin the winter and as well as hot, humid conditionsin the summer, specifying a proven insulationsystem was of the utmost importance.FOAMGLAS® insulation was chosen for use on allpiping that transports chilled water, brine, steam,and condensate in order to maintain efficiency atthe plant. For more information, see PC CaseHistory #FI240.

Fort Hood—Located in Killeen, Texas, Fort Hoodis the largest active-duty armored post in the U.S.armed services. Recently, the entire heating andcooling pipeline system was replaced in the East39000 Block Barracks Complex. A new systemwas necessary because the original insulationsystem leaked and caused the pipeline system tofail. The new system features an underground,concrete-trench-enclosed loop system to supplyhot and chilled water to each building. Eventhough the piping is enclosed in concretetrenches, because of low altitude and rainyseasons, the system can be considered to be directburial because at certain times it could becomecompletely submerged in water. All of the chilledwater pipes at Fort Hood are covered inFOAMGLAS® insulation—the only impermeableproduct on the market. Because it is impermeableto moisture in both liquid and vapor forms,FOAMGLAS® insulation will not promote metalcorrosion which results in extended service forboth insulation and piping. For more information,see PC Case History #FI233.

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Physical and Thermal Properties of FOAMGLAS® Insulation

Specifier Information

Recommended FOAMGLAS® Insulation Thickness

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

2.9(7.9)

3.3(8.9)

3.8(10.3)

4.2(11.4)

4.4(11.9)

4.8(13.2)

4.8(13.2)

4.7(12.8)

4.8(13.2)

5.3(14.3)

5.3(14.3)

5.3(14.3)

5.4(14.7)

5.4(14.7)

73(22.5)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

70(21.1)

70(21.1)

70(21.1)

70(21.1)

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

2.9(7.9)

3.3(8.9)

3.8(10.3)

4.2(11.4)

4.4(11.9)

4.8(13.2)

4.8(13.2)

4.8(13.2)

4.8(13.2)

5.3(14.3)

5.3(14.3)

5.3(14.3)

5.4(14.7)

5.4(14.7)

73(22.5)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

71(21.7)

70(21.1)

70(21.1)

70(21.1)

70(21.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

2.0(50.8)

2.0(50.8)

2.0(50.8)

2.0(51)

2.0(51)

2.0(51)

2.0(51)

2.5(63)

2.5(63)

2.5(63)

2.5(63)

2.5(63)

2.9(7.9)

3.3(8.9)

3.8(10.3)

3.0(8.3)

3.2(8.8)

3.5(9.4)

3.6(9.8)

3.6(9.8)

3.7(9.9)

3.2(8.8)

3.2(8.8)

3.3(9.0)

3.3(9.0)

3.3(9.0)

73(22.5)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

72(22.2)

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)*

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

4.3(11.6)

4.8(13.0)

5.5(15.0)

6.1(16.6)

6.4(17.4)

7.0(19.2)

7.0(19.2)

6.9(18.7)

7.0(19.0)

7.7(20.8)

7.7(21.0)

7.8(21.3)

7.9(21.5)

7.9(21.6)

87(30.6)

86(30)

86(30)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

1.5(38.1)

4.3(11.6)

4.8(13.0)

5.5(15.0)

6.1(16.6)

6.4(17.4)

7.0(19.2)

7.0(19.2)

6.9(18.7)

7.0(19.0)

7.7(20.8)

7.7(21.0)

7.8(21.3)

7.9(21.5)

7.9(21.6)

87(30.6)

86(30)

86(30)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

85(29.4)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

84(28.9)

1.5(38.1)

2.0(50.8)

2.0(50.8)

2.5(63.5)

2.5(63.5)

2.5(63.5)

2.5(63.5)

2.5(63.5)

3.0(76.2)

3.0(76.2)

3.0(76.2)

3.0(76.2)

3.0(76.2)

3.0(76.2)

4.3(11.6)

3.4(9.2)

3.9(10.7)

3.5(9.4)

3.7(9.9)

3.9(10.0)

3.9(10.0)

4.2(11.4)

3.5(9.6)

3.8(10.4)

3.8(10.5)

3.9(10.8)

4.0(11.0)

4.1(11.2)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

87(30.6)

* Thickness based on mechanical requirements and not necessarily condensation control.

RT=Recommended Thickness (nominal). Inches (mm)HG= Heat Gain-Btu/hr/ft2 (KCAL/HR SQ M)SF= Surface Temperature ˚F (˚C)

Note: Pittsburgh Corning's Energy Analysis Department willcalculate recommended thicknesses for other conditions.

RT HG ST RT HG ST RT HG ST RT HG ST RT HG ST RT HG ST

70% 80% 90% 70% 80% 90%

75˚F (23.9˚C) 90˚F (32.2˚C)

40˚F (4.4˚C)

0.5

1

2

3

4

6

8

10

12

16

18

24

30

36

Emmittance=0.9 Wind velocity=0 mph (0 kmph)OperatingTemperatureAmbientTemperatureRelativeHumidityNPS (inches)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES USA METRIC SI ASTM TEST

Absorption of Moisture 0.2% C 240

(% by volume) Only moisture retained is that adhering to surface cells after immersion.

Water-Vapor Permeability 0.0 perm-in 0.0 perm-in E 96†

Acid Resistance Impervious to common acids and their fumes except hydrofluoric acid.

Capillarity None None None

Combustibility Noncombustible, will not burn. E 136

Composition Pure glass, totally inorganic, contains no binder.

Compressive strength 90 psi 6.3 kg/cm2 620 kPa C 165, C 240for standard material (+/- 10%) Strength for flat surfaced capped with hot asphalt, C 552-00

different capping will give different values. For curved surfaces and pipe supports, contact PCC.

Density, Average 7.5 lb/ft3 120 kg/m3 120 kg/m3 C 303

Dimensional Stability Excellent—does not shrink, swell or warp.

Flexural Strength, 70 psi 4.9 kg/cm2 480 kPa C 203,Block Average C 240

Hygroscopicity No increase in weight at 90% relative humidity.

Linear Coefficient of ThermalExpansion (25° to 300°C) 5.0 X 10-6/°F 9.0 X 10-6/°C 9.0 X 10-6/°K E 228

Maximum Service Temperature +900°F +482°C 755°K

Modulus of Elasticity, Approx. 1.3 x 105 psi 9,300 kg/cm2 900 MPa C 623

Shear Strength No reliable recognized test method for determination of the shear strengthfor cellular glass exists at this time. Where shear strength is a designcriterion, PCC should be contacted for recommendations.

Thermal Conductivity Btu-in/hr•ft2•°F kcal/m•h•°C W/mK C 177,

0.29 @ 75°F 0.033 @ 0°C 0.039 @ 0°C C 518

0.28 @ 50°F 0.034 @ 10°C 0.040 @ 10°CSpecific Heat 0.20 Btu/lb•°F 0.20 kcal/kg•°C 0.84 kJ/kg•°K

Thermal Diffusivity 0.016 ft2/hr 0.0042 cm2/sec 4.2 x 10-7m2/sec

NOTE: Properties at 75°F unless otherwise specified. Properties may vary with temperature.These values are average or typical values recommended for design purposes, and are not intended as specification or limit values†E 96 Wet Cup Method/Procedure B

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Cradle Schedules

Nominal Pipe Insulation Cradle Thickness Cradle Thickness Cradle Length SpanDiameter in (mm) Thickness in (mm) in (mm) for Clevis Hangers in (mm) for Point Load in (mm) ft (m)

and Roller Applications

1/ 2 to 1 1 1/2 to 3 14 GA/0.0747 in 1/4 / 0.25 in 12 7(21 to 33) (39 to 76) (1.89) (6.35) (305) (2.13)

1 1/2 to 2 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 14 GA/0.0747 in 1/4 / 0.25 in 12 10(48 to 60) (39 to 89) (1.89) (6.35) (305) (3.04)

2 1/2 to 2 1 1/2 to 4 12 GA/0.1046 in 1/4 / 0.25 in 12 12(73 to 89) (39 to 102) (2.65) (6.35) (305) (3.65)

3 1/2 to 4 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 12 GA/0.1046 in 1/4 / 0.25 in 12 14(102 to 114) (39 to 114) (2.65) (6.35) (305) (4.27)

5 & 6 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 10 GA/0.1344 in 1/4 / 0.25 in 12 17(141 to 168) (39 to 114) (3.41) (6.35) (305) (5.18)

8 & 12 1 1/2 to 5 1/2 10 GA/0.1344 in * 18 20(219 to 324) (39 to 140) (3.41) (457) (6.10)

14 to 20 1 1/2 to 6 3/16 /0.187 in * 24 20(356 to 508) (39 to 152) (4.74) (607) (6.10)

22 to 24 1 1/2 to 6 1/2 3/16 /0.187 in * 24 20(559 to 619) (39 to 165) (4.74) (607) (6.10)

Cradle/shield material ASTM A 569 Galvanized Carbon Steel. Table based on spans for ASTM A53 Grade A Carbon Steel pipe, maximum allowablestress in tension 12,000 psi. For conditions not covered in this table, contact Pittsburgh Corning Corporation.

Thermal Expansion/Contraction of Insulations versus Steel (70°F to 800°F)

Section “A -A”Note: W = Coverage Angle 120 ̊Minimum

180 ̊T

W

R = T

A

LineA

L

Insulation

SteelCradle

For more information aboutphysical & thermal properties,recommended thickness andcradle schedules, contact yourPittsburgh Corning territoryrepresentative or call thecorporate headquarters at 800-359-8433. You can alsovisit us on the Web atwww.foamglasinsulation.com

+8.0

+6.0

+4.0

+2.0

0100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Steel

Temperature (°F)

(in

./10

0 lin

. ft

.)

Phenolic

Polyisocyanurate

Polystyrene

StainlessSteel

®FOAMGLAS Insulation

PITTCOTE® 404 Coating,ASJ, PVC, or Metal jacket

HYDROCAL® B-11Bore Coating

PITTSEAL® 727Joint Sealant

Clevis Hanger Grinnellfig. 260 or equal

FOAMGLAS® insulation to becontinuous through the pipe cradle

Mastic filler may beused behind metaljacket in cradle area

Sheet metal shield forband-style hangers

For cradle thickness see PCC specification I-S-83-07-01“Guidelines for using FGI at pipe hangers and supports”

T L

For Point Load

120

Clevis Hanger

(Rolled plate for point load)

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The information contained herein is accurate and reliable to the best of our knowledge. But,because Pittsburgh Corning Corporation has no control over installation, workmanship, accessorymaterials or conditions of application, NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,INCLUDING THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, IS MADE asto the performance of an installation containing Pittsburgh Corning products. In no event shallPittsburgh Corning be liable for any damages arising because of product failure, whether incidental,special, consequential or punitive, regardless of the theory of liability upon which any suchdamages are claimed. Pittsburgh Corning Corporation provides written warranties for many of itsproducts, and such warranties take precedence over the statements contained herein.

FOAMGLAS® is a registered trademark owned by Pittsburgh Corning Corporation.

FI-188 10M Rev. 1/02(Replaces Rev. 7/01)

© 2001 Pittsburgh Corning CorporationPrinted in USA

www.foamglasinsulation.comw