chile’s proof house 19-11-2015 1 «equivalence of explosives» ltc. enrique a quiÑones...
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CHILE’S PROOF HOUSE
04/21/2304/21/23
11
«EQUIVALENCE OF
EXPLOSIVES»
LTC. ENRIQUE A QUIÑ[email protected]
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Distance to inhabited buildings(With earth banks) DISTANCE TO OTHER
EXPLOSIVES STORES
S = K
K = 5,5 (Above ground and mobile stores).K = 2,5 (Above ground stores with barricades).K = 1,5 (Underground and buried stores).S = Security distance expressed in “meters” from “Explosives Stores”.W = EQUIVALENCE OR QUANTITY IN KILOGRAMS OF DYNAMITE 60%.
3 W
REQUIRED SAFETY DISTANCES
Distance to inhabited buildings(Without earth banks)
Distance to Railways
Distance to Roads
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EXPERIMENTAL EQUIVALENCE
POWER (FORCE):
– Ballistic Mortar
– Ballistic Pendulum
BRISANCE:
– Lead Block Compression (Hess Method)
– Copper Cylinder Compression (Kast Method)
– Sand Test
– Metallic Dented Plate Test (plate denting test)
– Underwater Explosion Test
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THEORETICAL EQUIVALENCE BY THERMOCHEMICAL CALCULUS
– Langefors Formula
– Brisance
– Pressure Equivalence
– Berthelot’s Method
– Cooper’s Method
– Hydrodynamic Work
– Force Coefficient
– Heat of Explosion
– Modified Heat of Explosion
– Explosion Pressure
– Explosion Energy
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CALCULUS OF EQUIVALENCE
To calculate the equivalence, it was decided to use the «LANGEFORS FORMULA», based on the «HEAT OF EXPLOSION» and the «SPECIFIC VOLUME OF GASES»:
EXPREF
EXPCAL
EXPREF
EXPCALDIN V
VQQ
EQ61
65
%60
EXPCAL = EXPLOSIVE OF CALCULUSEXPREF = EXPLOSIVE OF REFERENCE
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CALCULUS OF EQUIVALENCE
The «HEAT OF EXPLOSION» and the «SPECIFIC VOLUME OF GASES» of the «REFERENCE EXPLOSIVE» or «STANDARD EXPLOSIVE », in this case «DYNAMITE 60%» is required to be calculated:
The Heat of Explosion :
Hexp = Hf(products) - Hf(explosive)
The Specific Volume of Gases:
Vesp = n x 24,79
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DYNAMITE 60%
The dynamite is a homogenous mixture of gelatinized nitroglycerine with nitrocellulose (cotton collodion, pyroxyilin), plus other compounds.
For this calculus of equivalence, dynamite of the following composition was chosen:
Nitroglycerine 60%Nitrocellulose 4%Sawdust 8%Potassium nitrate 28%
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DYNAMITE 60%
Molecular Weigth
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DYNAMITE 60%The formula of 1 kg of Dynamite 60% is:
C11,83H19,39N11,03O36,01K2,77
The decompositon reaction is as follows:
C11,83H19,39N11,03O36,01K2,77 = 5,52N2 + 1,39K2O + 9,69H2O + 11,83CO2 + 0,64O2 + 4663,51 kJ/kg
The accepted Dynamite 60% «Heat of Explosion» for calculating the explosive equivalence is:
4663,51 kJ/kg o 1114,61 kcal/kg
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DYNAMITE 60%
The specific volume of gases of Dynamite 60%, was calculated according to the following:
Vesp = n x 24,79where:n= 29,07, number of mol of gaseous products of 1 kg DYN60%24.79 = volume of 1 mol of gas under standard conditions
The accepted Dynamite 60% «Specific Volume» for calculating the explosive equivalence is:
721 L/kg
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LANGEFORS FORMULA
EXPREF
EXPCAL
EXPREF
EXPCALDIN V
VQQ
EQ61
65
%60
)721(6
1
)51,663.4(6
5%60
EXPCALEXPCALDIN
VQEQ
EXPCALEXPCALDIN VQEQ 00023116,000017869,0%60
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LANGEFORS FORMULA APPLICATION
EXPCALEXPCALDIN VQEQ 00023116,000017869,0%60
STORAGE OF 30.000 kg OF ANFO:QEXPCAL = 3.770,57 kJoule/kg
VEXPCAL = 1.070,00 L/kgEQUIVALENCE OF ANFO TO DIN60%:
EQDIN60% = 0,92 W = 30.000 x 0,92 = 27.600 kg
(The 27.600 kg DIN60% detonation, will produce the same effect as the 30.000 kg ANFO detonation) SINHABITED BUILDING (With earth banks) = 549 m SRAILWAY = 329 m SROADS = 165 m
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Distance to inhabited buildings(With earth banks) DISTANCE TO OTHER
EXPLOSIVES STORES
S = K
K = 5,5 (Above ground and mobile stores).K = 2,5 (Above ground stores with barricades).K = 1,5 (Underground and buried stores).S = Security distance expressed in “meters” from “Explosives Stores”.W = EQUIVALENCE OR QUANTITY IN KILOGRAMS OF DYNAMITE 60%.
3 W
REQUIRED SAFETY DISTANCES
Distance to inhabited buildings(Without earth banks)
Distance to Railways
Distance to Roads
CHILE’S PROOF HOUSE
04/21/2304/21/23
1414
«EQUIVALENCE OF
EXPLOSIVES»
LTC. ENRIQUE A QUIÑ[email protected]