children’s oral health & the primary care provider
DESCRIPTION
Children’s Oral Health & the Primary Care Provider. Oral Screening Exam Module 3. Module 3 Objectives:. Learn to perform a knee-to-knee oral screening exam for infants & toddlers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Children’s Oral Health & the Children’s Oral Health & the Primary Care ProviderPrimary Care Provider
Oral Screening Exam Oral Screening Exam
Module 3Module 3
Learn to perform a knee-to-knee oral screening exam for infants & toddlers
Learn helpful tips to gain access to a child’s mouth & restrain a child’s body movements during an oral screening exam
Learn to identify clinical findings predictive of high caries risk for infants & toddlers
Learn to identify caries in its different stages
(non-cavitated (white spots) vs. cavitated lesions)
Module 3 Objectives:Module 3 Objectives:
Knee-to-Knee Oral Knee-to-Knee Oral Screening ExamScreening ExamStep 1: Child is held facing
caregiverin a straddle position
Step 2: Child leans back onto examiner while caregiver holds child’s hands and legs
Step 3: Provider performs exam while caregiver effectively restrains child’s hands and legs
Equipment for the Oral Equipment for the Oral Screening ExamScreening Exam
Disposable gloves
Good light source
Disposable mirror (optional)
Toothbrush or gauze (for plaque
removal)
Performing an Oral Screening Performing an Oral Screening ExamExam
Place the child in the knee-to-knee
position
Restrain child’s head and body
movements
Lift the child’s upper lip and lower
child’s lower lip
Lift-the-Lip Procedure
Knee-to-Knee Position: Dental Knee-to-Knee Position: Dental SettingSetting
Double-click the picture to begin the video clip
Knee-to-Knee Position: Medical Knee-to-Knee Position: Medical SettingSetting
Double-click the picture to begin the video clip
What Clinical Findings Are What Clinical Findings Are
Predictive of High Caries Predictive of High Caries
Risk?Risk?
Previous Caries Previous Caries ExperienceExperience
One of best predictors of future caries
For children under age 5, a history of decay
should automatically classify a child as high risk
Not useful caries-risk predictor
for infants and toddlers
(insufficient time for ECC
to be expressed)
Visible PlaqueVisible Plaque One of the best predictors of future caries
risk in young children
Screening for visible plaque is easy and inexpensive
Dental Plaque Dental Plaque
Also referred to as non-cavitated lesions Initial stage (precursor) of the caries
process Equivalent to caries for infants and
toddlers
Chalky, white spots on primary teeth are demineralized areas and are considered early
decay
White Spot LesionsWhite Spot Lesions
Are often: Observed next to the gum line Accompanied by plaque Accompanied by bleeding gums
(gingivitis)
Chalky, white spots on primary teeth are demineralized areas and are considered early
decay
White Spot LesionsWhite Spot Lesions
From White Spots From White Spots to to
Frank CariesFrank Caries
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Yellow arrows show white spot lesions (non-cavitated) close to the gum line
Green arrow and circle show an area where the enamel is starting to break down and a frank cavity (cavitated lesion) is starting to develop
Yellow arrows show white spot lesions (non-cavitated lesions)
Green arrow show frank cavities (cavitated lesions)
All pictures show advanced frank cavities (cavitated lesions) that have reached the nerve (pulp) of the teeth. These children are in pain and need immediate and/or emergency dental treatment
Green arrow shows the presence of an abscess due to a necrotic tooth
Enamel Defects & Enamel Defects & Stained Pits and FissuresStained Pits and Fissures
Enamel hypoplasia
Stained pit and fissure surfaces of primary
teeth
Consider these indicative of increased caries
risk
Stained Pits and Fissures
Enamel Hypoplasia
Presence of Braces Presence of Braces and Oral Appliancesand Oral Appliances
Caries Risk Assessment Caries Risk Assessment and Managementand Management Any observable decay or demineralization (white
spots):- Refer for dental care as soon as possible
Any factors on the oral screen (or parent interview) that increase the child’s risk for caries:- Refer for dental care
Uncertain caries risk:- Refer for dental care
Refer to your I-Smile Coordinator for care, assistance with referrals & to ensure dental care is established
Re-assess to ensure the child has been evaluated by a dentist & has established regular dental care
I-Smile Coordinators I-Smile Coordinators
I-Smile coordinators are dental hygienists who serve as prevention experts and liaisons between families, health care professionals, and dental offices to ensure completion of dental care. Coordinators are located in regional public health agencies and provide local community support throughout Iowa. I-Smile Coordinators can:
I-Smile Coordinator contact information can be found at: www.idph.state.ia.us/hpcdp/oral_health.asp or
I-Smile hotline 1-866-528-4020
• Assist with dental referrals for young children.• Provide Medicaid dental billing information.• Offer education for healthcare professionals regarding
children’s oral health, including screening and fluoride
varnish training.
Summary: Oral Screening Exam Summary: Oral Screening Exam Use the knee-to-knee position for oral screening
exams
Clinical findings predictive of high caries risk for infants and toddlers: previous caries experience
visible plaque
white spot lesions
enamel defects
stained pits and fissures
oral appliances
During an oral screening exam remember to: Restrain the child’s head and body
movements “Lift-the-lip”: lift the upper lip & pull down
the lower lip to examine the child’s teeth Dry the child’s teeth to examine for white
spot lesions Remove plaque using a toothbrush or
gauze to examine for possible white spot lesions under plaque
Summary: Oral Screening ExamSummary: Oral Screening Exam
Refer a child for dental care as soon as
possible if any caries or white spot lesions
are observed
Refer for dental care if any of the clinical
findings predictive of high caries risk are
observed and/or if you are uncertain of the
child’s caries risk
Refer to your I-Smile Coordinator for care &
to ensure dental care is established
Summary: Oral Screening ExamSummary: Oral Screening Exam